Communication a mawu akuti. Mitundu mgwirizano wa mawu akuti

Monga mukudziwa, mgwirizano wa mawu akuti kumachitika malinga ndi malamulo lolozeka. Kuti kuphatikiza iwo amafuna lexical ngakhale. Komanso, ayenera kugwirizana subordination kuti ayenera kupezeka pakati pa mawu awa.

Chinenero cha Chirasha pali zotsatirazi mitundu kulankhulana mawu akuti: wa mugwirizano, kasamalidwe ndi contiguity.

mgwirizano

Ofananira - chiyanjano amene amadalira chigawo poyerekezera waukulu anayerekezera asamathe mu lolingana siyana kalembedwe.

tanthauzo amasonyeza milandu ambiri ofananira, pamene yozungulira mawonekedwe kusintha ndi chigawo chachikulu. Mu zina, kupatula wamba ndi zovuta zambiri milandu, palibe kuloŵerera ndi mosagwirizana akalumikidzidwa mwa zigawo ziwiri izi.

Mu povomera makamaka nthawi zonse amachita nauni, ndipo ndithudi yozungulira chigawo imakhudzanso kalasi kalembedwe, momwe pali njira ndi tanthauzo syntactic.

Mitundu ya harmonization

Mtundu zosavuta kugwirizana angapezeke mu mawu komwe mbali yozungulira chimaoneka ndi adjective (kuphatikizapo manambala ordinal, akuti, adjectives ndi participles): thundu Izi, kukuzizira, chinachake chapadera, chodabwitsa anaona ndi ena.

Pamaziko a mtundu uwu kugwirizana kwa mawu akuti mukhoza kukhala okonzeka ndi lumikiza, imene chigawo chachikulu amagwirizana ndi mbali zina ndipamene mawu yozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, izi zikuchitika mu njira zosiyana milandu oblique mitundu manauni ndi manambala kadinala (pa mphepo zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi mazenera atatu nyumba), mosiyana ndi mitundu im.p. ndipo chikugwirizana ndi CP pamene numeral osati nauni, ndi liwu lalikulu ndipo amafuna kuti yotsirizira anaima rod.p:. nyumba ndi mazenera atatu, nyumba zitatu, mphepo zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Mu povomera ndi ziwiri nauni amaphatikiza mtundu uliwonse: kukongola, Dawn, njira msewu, kumanga injiniya.

Harmonization a mkhalidwe ndi phunziro

Salankhulana nauni mu im.p., ali woyenera, ndipo conjugated mitundu ya mneni, chimene chiri mkhalidwe syntactic mwambo limanenanso mgwirizano.

Conjugated verebu kapena adjective kwa kanthawi mawonekedwe ndi nauni mu iwo. . N ndi mitundu ya jenda ndi chiwerengero: munda kanthu, nkhalango wamaliseche, mandala kumwamba.

Yokhala waukulu zikuluzikulu za ma otere amati ndi nauni mu im.p.

Nkhani yovuta kwambiri kwa mawu mu mawu kulankhulana kumachitika pamene, m'malo mwa liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba mu im.p. monga phunziro amachita infinitive, numeral kapena zina mbali ya mawu amene alibe jenda. Mu maganizo awa si anati kuloŵerera nkhani ku mkhalidwe chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda, monga yoyamba ya magulu awa si. Komabe, chifukwa malangizo a phunziro kwa mkhalidwe uli pano.

Full ndi tsankho harmonization

Chotero kugwirizana mawu mu mawu (mgwirizano), imene chigawo chachikulu amakhudza osokoneza mu mtundu uliwonse, amatchedwa harmonization zonse. Ndi chosakwanira zimawonedwa yekha m'njira dzina chomwecho.

Mitundu ya harmonization chosakwanira

Pali mitundu iwiri ya iwo. Origin - pamene palibe malumikizanidwe pakati pa iwo mu nkhani (chiwerengero ndi mtundu, pamene yozungulira anayerekezera chigawo chachikulu). Incompleteness Pankhaniyi kumachitika chifukwa amadalira mawonekedwe a mawu ali kugwirizana kwa mitundu iwiri yosiyana mawu, mmodzi amene amasankha mawonekedwe a mlandu yozungulira, ndi zina - kupanga chiwerengero ndi mtundu wa mawu yozungulira ( "ananyamuka njala" chiweruzo "Anna sanafune kudya ndi kudzuka njala pagome. "Apa mawonekedwe a" njala "ndipo zimadalira maonekedwe a 'kudzukanso' ndi mawonekedwe a" Anna ").

Nkhani yachiwiri - pamene palibe chikhalidwe cha mtundu. Pankhaniyi, chosakwanira harmonization amatchedwa zamalankhulidwe kudzazidwa mitundu mawu mtundu yozungulira, koma amatanthauza nkhope pansi. Zimenezi n'zotheka osakaniza chachimuna nauni kufotokoza mutu ntchito ndi ntchito, ndi adjective, pamene manauni izi ntchito ndi akazi: watsopano Mlembi wa dokotala wathu. Izi ndi zitsanzo zina za ntchito imeneyi ndi khalidwe la mawu mwamwayi.

kasamalidwe

Tipitirize kufotokoza njira kulankhulana a mawu akuti ndi kupitiriza kwa eni. Mwachidule, Amasamala kulankhulana imatsogoleredwa kuchokera mawu kupanga mawu, kuti ndi mtundu waukulu mawu sikumangotikhudza mawonekedwe a ubwenzi: chitani zabwino, amene amachita zabwino, amachita zabwino; chakudya cha milungu, za milungu ya chakudya, etc.

Management - Kumvetsela kugwirizana mawu mawu amene liwu lalikulu amafuna kudalira mtundu wa nkhani zosiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro, kapena popanda izo.

Kuti ndi pophika chachikulu kulankhulana kotereku, ulamuliro, - kapena mawu, kapena mawonekedwe a mawu, koma yozungulira - nthawizonse kupanga mawu, ndi mbali makamaka wa kulankhula - chachikazi. Mawu ofunika kwambiri pa nkhani iyi angatanthauze ku mbali iliyonse ya kulankhula.

Ndi mtundu uwu wa kugwirizana mawu akuti ali yozungulira chigawo mlandu ndipamene nauni, osati chifukwa cha kuyerekeza njira zazikulu, monga mmene zimakhalira mogwirizana ndi kufotokoza makamaka zamalankhulidwe poyerekezera ndi malo kapena nkhani zawo.

The kuchotserapo okha milandu ziwiri zimene ubale wa mawu mu chiganizo mawu Chili mitundu iwiri ya mawu (ie nkhani ya nauni):

1. Ma zomwe ndi poyerekeza adjective kapena adverb ndi adjective chapamwamba: mapiri pamwamba, ndi wamphamvu kuposa imfa, apamwamba a mapiriwo, ndi zamphamvu wrestlers lapansi.
2. Ma zomwe ndi zosiyanasiyana conjugated wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau munthu ndi manauni mu im.p. . Infinitive nauni mawonekedwe ndi JP: Adzagwetsa pwata - mvula, kubwera ambiri a alendo, madzi natekla ndi ena.

Choncho osiyana substantive, kunyozedwa, adverbial ndi adjectival kasamalidwe.

kasamalidwe mafomu

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu ya kasamalidwe ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

• Predictability / unpredictability;
• chikhalidwe ubale syntactic;
• Kuvomerezedwa / unsankhula.

Theoretically zamoyo zikhoza allocated eyiti, koma mitundu zotsatirazi mawu mu mawu kulankhulana pa kayendetsedwe ka (okwana asanu) zigwire kuti zenizeni za chinenero Russian:

1. Kulankhulana, lomwe ndi mokakamizidwa kwa leni ubale predictive syntactic (thandizo kalata, anamanga ophunzira, kuti sizinayende).
2. Communication, amene ali predictive kuti kuvomerezedwa zamalankhulidwe-syntactic ubale (kuyendetsa ku khoma, kukoka kuchokera sutukesi, kupita ku nyumba).
3. Kulankhulana, lomwe ndi mokakamizidwa kwa leni ubale predictive syntactic (woyera chisanu, kavalidwe matumba m'bale nyumba).
4. Kulankhulana, lomwe ndi kuvomerezedwa nepredskazuyuschey ndi mabwenzi zamalankhulidwe ndi syntactic (moyo kupyola nkhalango, nkhalango, mu nkhalango).
5. Communication, amene nkhani nepredskazuyuschey ndi asapita zamalankhulidwe ndi syntactic (ntchito m'munda, kulemba sabata, nyumba pafupi ndi msewu).

Junction

Mawu mu njira mawu kulankhulana tafotokozazi wodzilemekeza adjacently. Junction - kugwirizana wamng'ono, amene mawu yozungulira sasintha kake, ndi malo okha mu ubale mbuye. Choncho, ngati mawu yozungulira mu mtundu uwu wa kugwirizana, iye nthawi zonse mawu osasinthika amene alibe wodalira syntactic. Zikuphatikizapo adverbs, awiri mitundu wapakamwa - infinitive ndi gerund, wosasintha adjective ndi mawonekedwe ophweka mlingo poyerekeza wa adjective kuti: kukwera tembenuzirani, chizolowezi cha kusuta ndi okalamba kwambiri ana okulirapo.

Ndi abutment akhoza pamodzi mawonekedwe puronauni odzikundikira mu munthu wachitatu (ake, zake, awo) ndi manauni: banja lake, kwawo, ndipo ana awo.

Mtundu wa kugwirizana kulankhulana amatanthauza nauni mawonekedwe nauni wina, malinga ndi izo, kapena ndi gulu lonse la mitundu ya manauni: m'mudzi Brody, Lake Baikal, magazini "Lina," Petersburg-Moscow msewu ndi ena.

Pamaziko a contiguity amaphatikiza mawu (zomwe ndi mbali yaikulu) ndi mtundu wa mawu (chimene chimadalira pa chigawo cha).

Pamene mawu waukulu angagwiritsidwe ntchito a m'madera ambiri osiyana wa kulankhula. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti n'zotheka mawu awo associative zamalankhulidwe kapena kalembedwe ndi njanjira monga abutment. Mwachitsanzo, pamene manauni zosatheka Mkhalidwe adverbs, gerunds ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Pafupifupi gawo lirilonse la mawu angagwiritsidwe ntchito infinitive (kwa adjective, nauni, mneni, adverb predicative), koma osati ndi liwu lililonse woimira iwo.

Features contiguity

Mtundu wa mawu kulumikizana mu mawu ndi nepredskazuyuschim (chifukwa si anafotokoza mu mawonekedwe a mawu kudalira). Junction - makamaka optional akapolo, koma zina ukafunidwe contiguity.

lamulo contiguity

1. Infinitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi tanthauzo la chilakolako, adzakhalabe zotheka gawo kasewenzetsedwe ka mau (angayerekeze sakugwirizana, ndizo Zikuwauza chete, wofunitsitsa kuphunzira, kusiya kugwira ntchito).
2. Adverb Mkhalidwe ndi nkhani chofunika kasewenzetsedwe ka mau (Suopa, amamasuka, kuyang'ana zabwino).
3. Adverbial adverb ndi mneni danga ndi mtengo zogona malo (kubwera kukhala kutali, uli pafupi ndi pafupi).

mawu kulankhulana malembedwe mu mawu ndi abutment akhoza kukhala osiyana. Pakati pa mawu akhoza kukhala bwino syntactic kapena zamalankhulidwe ubale malembedwe.

mitundu ya contiguity

Malinga akonzedwa pamwamba makhalidwe ndi mitundu ya mawu akuti zotsatirazi ndi nkhani abutting:

1. Kulankhulana, lomwe ndi kuvomerezedwa nepredskazuyuschey ndi malembedwe yake (attributive) Ubwenzi (kuti athe kuzindikira kupitiriza kulankhula, zinthu nobly).
2. Kulankhulana, lomwe ndi kuvomerezedwa nepredskazuyuschey ndi mabwenzi zamalankhulidwe ndi syntactic (kulikonse unali zosiyana).
3. Communication, amene nkhani ndi nepredskazuyuschey attributive (makamaka syntactic) ubale (ntchito pamodzi kuseka mosangalala, mu Yelnya m'bukuli ndi chidwi kwambiri).
4. Communication, amene nkhani nepredskazuyuschey ndi mabwenzi zamalankhulidwe ndi syntactic (ntchito pamwamba, kunena dzulo, Moscow lero, mwakhungu kuswa, mzinda usiku).

Mitundu landfall pa katundu kalembedwe

Pamene abutting asapita sakanikira ndi kalembedwe a mawu akuti. Malinga ndi mfundo zimenezi zimaphatikizapo mitundu ngati mgwirizano mawu mu mawu monga gerunds contiguity, infinitive, ndi adverb, ndi nauni mawonekedwe nonconcordial ndi invariable adjective.