Deism - ndi chiyani ichi? Deism nthanthi

Chiyambireni za mafakitale mofulumira kusintha worldview wa anthu ku Ulaya. Mwakhama anayamba sayansi: panali makampani nsalu, anatulukira kampani yopanga zitsulo, ambiri zochitika zachilengedwe kufotokoza za sayansi. Chifukwa, ndi mbalume wa Mpingo wa Katolika nkhani, ndi mazunzo (a kusaka) anayamba amasiya chikhulupiriro cha asayansi.

European Society zaka 16-17 ayenera chiphunzitso chatsopano, akupatsa anthu mayankho mwatsatanetsatane mafunso anu. Fotokozani nkhani Osamva mu chimango cha chipembedzo ankatchedwa deism.

tanthauzo

Kodi zikutanthauzanji deism? Kodi timaona kuti chipembedzo?

Deism nthanthi - ndi malangizo a ganizo chikhalidwe, amene adanyamuka m'ma 17. Ndi kaphatikizidwe rationalism ndi maganizo Mulungu. Malinga deism, Mulungu anali chimayambitsa pakutchulidwa mtendere kapena Intelligence Apamwamba. Ndipo Iye anapatsa kutsogolera chitukuko cha chidwi ndi kukongola kuti tikukhala. Kenako dziko kukhala malinga ndi malamulo a chilengedwe.

Deism nthanthi anaonekera chifukwa cha chosintha bourgeoisie, feudalism wosakana mphamvu Mtheradi wa Mpingo.

Ndi nthawi kumvetsa zimene Deism: chipembedzo, maphunziro kapena lingaliro maganizo? magwero kwambiri tanthauzo monga malangizo kapena mgwirizano wa malingaliro, kufotokoza kuti dziko. Deism - Ndithu chipembedzo monga chiphunzitso yotsutsa. Asayansi ena ngakhale tanthauzo monga chobisika nzeru zaumunthu malangizo kulibe Mulungu.

Malo deism?

Deism kwawo kwa England, ndiye chiphunzitso unakhala wotchuka mu France ndi Germany. M'mayiko onsewa malangizo anali mtundu wake khalidwe, ndi pamodzi ndi mtima wa anthu. mayiko atatu anali malo kufufuza choonadi mfundo, ambiri asayansi atulukira zachitika iwo.

Mu England, Deism sanali ofalitsidwa anthu ophunzira. Only yopapatiza stratum wa olemba ndi nzeru ena, lotsogoledwa ndi Ambuye Cherbury "inawala" maganizo atsopano. Iwo analemba mabuku ambiri, zochokera maganizo akatswiri wakale. Anayambitsa deism zikuchepa anadzudzula mpingo: akukhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zopanda malire, chifukwa chokhulupirira akhungu a anthu.

dzina lachiwiri la deism - ndi chipembedzo chifukwa, monga afotokozera mu "Treatise choonadi," Labor Cherbury. Peak malo otchuka mu England anabwera theka zoyambirira za m'ma 18: lingaliro la anthu ngakhale kwambiri achipembedzo nawo ziphunzitso.

Ndi tanthauzo lalikulu anali Deism ku France: Voltaire, Montesquieu Mellier ndi sanagwirizane ndi mphamvu ya mpingo. Iwo zionetsero sakutsutsana ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu, koma chipembedzo woyikidwa kuletsedwa ndi ufulu komanso ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya antchito mpingo.

Voltaire - mwininkhani ndi French Choonadi. Scientist kwa Mkhristu n'kukhala deist. Iye anavomereza chikhulupiriro zomveka, osati wosaona.

Deists Germany kuwerenga ntchito za m'nthawi yake British ndi French. Kenako anapanga gulu lina lotchuka "Choonadi". German nzeru zapamwamba Wolff anali deist: kumuyamikila chipembedzo Achiprotestanti kukhala mfulu.

Deists - kanjedza wotchuka m'mbiri komanso asayansi

N'zosadabwitsa kuti adherent tingachipeze powerenga za deism anamaliza ndi ankakonda mbiri. Pamene munthu amadziwa sayansi, izo sizingakhoze otsimikiza kuti utawaleza kapena bingu - chodabwitsa Mulungu. wasayansi A kukhulupirira kuti muzu wa onse anali Mulungu amene anaumba wosatsutsana ndi wokongola dziko, nampatsa malamulo zomveka, imene onse moyo ndi kusuntha. Koma Mulungu sikusokoneza zinachitika. Iwo zimachitika malinga ndi malamulo lotseguka thupi.

Deists ankadziwika:

• Isaak Nyuton.
• Voltaire.
• Jean-Zhak Russo.
• Deyvid Yum.
• Alexander Radishchev.
• Zhan Boden.
• Zhan Batist Lamark.
• Mikhail Lomonosov.

Deism malingaliro n'ngotchukabe. Akatswiri ambiri Western ndi deists - ayenera kuzindikira kuti linauziridwa ndi Mulungu wa dziko, ndi chidziwitso chabwino cha ntchito yawo ya sayansi.

Theism, deism, pantheism - kodi pali kusiyana?

Kusiyana pakati pa mawu ofanana kuwomba ndi chachikulu:

• Theism - ichi lingaliro maganizo kwagona pa chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu mmodzi. Awiri dziko zipembedzo - Christianity and Islam - ndi theistic. Iwo a zipembedzo zitatuzi, T. E. Dziwani Mulungu mmodzi.
• Deism - si chipembedzo, monga tanenera kale, ndi kudalirana maganizo awiri: lingaliro la Mlengi ndi malamulo a sayansi. Izi ndi azimuth nthanthi sayendera vumbulutso, ndi kuzindikira maganizo, nzeru, ndi ziwerengero.
• Pantheism - wachipembedzo-nzeru zaumunthu malangizo, anasonyeza kuti Mulungu ndi chirengedwe. Tanthauzo Lake "Mulungu" ndi chotheka kupyolera mu mgwirizano ndi chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Popeza tafotokozera mfundo atchule kusiyana waukulu pakati pa mfundo izi Chrixitu:

• Theism - chinthu chomwecho monga chipembedzo. Iwo amazindikira kuti kuli Mulungu mmodzi amene anapanga dziko, ndipo komabe kuthandiza anthu. Pantheism ndi deism - ndi nzeru zaumunthu malangizo pofotokoza kuti dziko.
• Deism - panopa maganizo amene Chili lingaliro la Mulungu amene analenga zinthu, ndipo ganizo la pofuna kukwaniritsa dziko malinga ndi malamulo ena, popanda alowererepo Mlengi. Pantheism - ndi azimuth nthanthi kuti adziwe mfundo yakuti Mulungu ndi chikhalidwe. Deism ndi pantheism - zinthu mwapadera, zomwe sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi mzake.

Mphamvu pa chitukuko cha nzeru za deism

Deism nthanthi - njira zatsopano, zomwe wafunsira mfundo zitatu nthanthi:

• Empiricism.
• Chuma.
• Kulibe Mulungu.

Pa lingaliro la Deism, asayansi ambiri German chinazikidwa. Kant ntchito pa ntchito yake yotchuka "Religion Malire a Chifukwa Okha." Ngakhale pamaso Russia anafika kumatikumbutsabe la European Choonadi: mu 18-19 zaka TH, khalidwe lomwe latsopano yafala ndi progressives Russian.

malingaliro Deistic anathandiza:

• Nkhondowo tsankho ndiponso miyambo.
• Kufalitsa wa sayansi.
• Zabwino kutanthauzira patsogolo.
• Kukula kwa lingaliro chikhalidwe.

anapezazo

Deism - malangizo wachibadidwe latsopano mu nzeru achuluke kwambiri ku Ulaya mu M'badwo wa choonadi. Kufunsa maganizo akale masikolala, nzeru ena ndi anzeru aika pamodzi lingaliro la Mulungu Mlengi asayansi atulukira.

Tikhoza kunena kuti kufunika poyera latsopano lingaliro maganizo anali okhuta ngakale. Deism zachititsa kuti chitukuko cha sayansi luso, ndi ufulu.