Solovev Vladimir, nzeru zapamwamba: yonena zolemba

Vladimir Solovyov anali mmodzi wa waukulu anzeru Russian achipembedzo m'ma XIX. Iye anali mlembi wa nambala mfundo ndi ziphunzitso (Mulungu msinkhu, ndi Panmongolism. D.), akadali akuphunziridwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi nzeru ena m'banja.

zaka zoyambirira

Wafilosofi tsogolo Soloviev Vladimir Sergeyevich anabadwa January 28, 1853 mu Moscow, mwana wa mbiri wotchuka Sergeya Soloveva (Mlembi wa multivolume "History of Russia kuyambira Kale"). Mnyamatayo anali mu 5 High School, ndipo kenako anayamba Physics ndi Masamu mphamvu ya Moscow State University. Kuyambira pa unyamata wake Soloviev kuwerenga ntchito za idealists ndi German ndipo Slavophiles. Komanso, anali kwambiri kukopa kwakukulu materialists. chilakolako kuti iwo anabweretsa mnyamatayo mu mkhalidwe physico-masamu Komabe, pambuyo chaka chachiwiri anasamutsa kwa History ndi Philology. Chidwi ndi mabuku chuma wamng'ono Vladimir Solovyov ngakhale kunja pa zenera la kuchipinda chithunzi chake kuposa atate aukali kwambiri. Ambiri, osiyanasiyana kuwerenga wake ndiye inkakhala Khomyakov, Schelling ndi Hegel.

SERGEY anaika mwana wake ntchito mwakhama ndi zokolola. chaka chilichonse iye mwadongosolo lofalitsidwa ndi mfundo ake "History" Mwanjira imeneyi anali mwana wa ziwonetsero. Akuluakulu Vladimir analemba tsiku, popanda yekha (nthawi zina nyenyeswa za pepala, pamene dzanja anali china chirichonse).

ntchito yunivesite

Kale pa zaka Nightingales 21 iye anakhala mbuye ndi pulofesa wothandizira. ntchito, chimene kumbuyo, anali lotchedwa monga "The Crisis of Western Philosophy". Mnyamata anaganiza kuti digiri si mu Moscow lakwawo ndi St. Petersburg. Kodi maganizo a mu pepala lake loyamba sayansi kumbuyo Solovev Vladimir? Wafilosofi anadzudzula ndiye ambiri ku Ulaya positivism. Atalandira digiri mbuye, iye anapita ku ulendo yoyamba yachilendo. Aspiring wolemba anapita Old World ndi maiko, kuphatikizapo Igupto. Ulendo anali mwangwiro katswiri - Soloviev anakhala chidwi zamizimu ndi Kabbalah. Komanso, ali Alexandria ndi Cairo, anayamba ntchito pa chiphunzitso chake cha Sofia.

Kunyumba, Soloviev anayamba kuphunzitsa ku St. Petersburg University. Iye anakomana nakhala kucheza ndi Fedorom Dostoevskim. Woyambitsa "Abale Karamazov" monga zinachitika wa Alesha anasankha Vladimir Solovyov. Panthawi imeneyi, kuthyoka wina Chirasha Turkey nkhondo. Monga anachitira Solovev Vladimir? Wafilosofi pafupifupi anapita kutsogolo mongodzipereka Komabe, pa mphindi yotsiriza anasintha maganizo ake. Anati yachipembedzo kwambiri ndi kukana nkhondo. Mu 1880 kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa ake ndipo anakhala dokotala. Komabe, chifukwa mkangano ndi rector wa yunivesite - Mikhail Vladislavlev - Solovyov sanapeze malo pulofesa.

Kuchotsa kuphunzitsa

Unasinthiratu pa woganiza anakhala 1881. Ndiye dziko lonse linagwedezeka kupha boma la Tsar Alexander II. Kuti pansi pa zikhalidwe izi anachita Solovev Vladimir? Nzeru zapamwamba, anakamba nkhani pagulu lomwe ananena kuti m'pofunika kundikhululukira zigawenga. mchitidwe Izi zinasonyeza maganizo ndi zikhulupiriro Solovyov. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti boma alibe ufulu chiweruzo pa anthu, ngakhale poyankha yopha. Ganizo chikhululukiro Mkhristu wachita kukakamizidwa wolemba kusankha oona, koma zilizonse.

Nkhani zinachititsa kuti kumuyalutsa lapansi. About kanthu anadziwika pamwamba kwambiri. Minister Mkati Loris-Melikov analemba latsopano tsar Alexander III memo, zomwe analimbikitsa autocrat si kulanga nzeru zapamwamba chifukwa cha yachipembedzo zakuya za masika. Komanso mlembi wa nkhani yake anali mwana wa mbiri olemekezedwa, kamodzi rector wakale University Moscow. Alexander poyankha otchedwa Solovyov "psychopath" ndi mlangizi lake lapamtima Konstantin Pobedonostsev ankaona likatsutsidwe pamaso pa mpando wachifumu wa "wopenga."

Pambuyo nzeru zapamwamba izi anasiya St. Petersburg State University, ngakhale mwaukadaulo sanali zipolopolo. Choyamba, inali kukomeza, ndipo kachiwiri, wolemba ndikanafuna kuganizira kwambiri pa mabuku komanso nkhani. Zinali pambuyo 1881 anayamba nthawi ya kulenga maluwa amene anapulumuka Solovev Vladimir. Wafilosofi analemba osaima, chifukwa iye anali njira yokha ndalama.

Knight-mmonke

Malinga ndi Maulendo a m'nthawi, anakhala Solovyov zinthu zomvetsa chisoni. Permanent kunyumba iye analibe. Wolemba kukhala mu mahotela kapena ndi anzake ambiri. Banja inconstancy zoipa thanzi. Komanso, nzeru zapamwamba zonse kusala kudya kwambiri. Ndipo zonse izi limodzi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu. Pomaliza, Solovyev mobwerezabwereza unazokotedwa turpentine. Kwa mafuta, alandire monga machiritso ndi lachinsinsi. Turpentine nyumba ake onse akhathamiritsa.

Osokoneza njira ya moyo ndi mbiri wolembayo anauzira ndakatulo Alexander Blok otchedwa Maulendo Ake Knight-mmonke. Solovyov m'maganizo unaonekera mu zonse. Wolemba Andrey Bely kumanzere kukumbukira, imene Mwachitsanzo, limanena kuti nzeru zapamwamba anali ndi kuseka kwambiri. Anzathu ena anaganiza kuti iye anali Homeric chisangalalo, ena - ziwanda.

Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich zambiri namuka. Mu 1900, nthawi yotsiriza anabwerera Moscow, kuika mu kusindikiza Baibulo lake mwini ntchito Plato. Ndiye wolemba chisoni. Anamutengera Sergeyu Trubetskomu - nzeru zapamwamba achipembedzo, publicist, chithunzi anthu ndi wophunzira Soloviev. banja lake a Moscow malo Bottleneck. Kuti Vladimir Sergeyevich madokotala anafika kuyika chokhumudwitsa matenda - "kuwonongeka kwa impso" ndi "atherosclerosis". Thupi la wolemba unatha ndi zimamuchulukira pa tebulo. Banja iye anakhala yekha, choncho kutsatira makhalidwe ake kusintha Solovyov palibe munthu akanakhoza. Manor yopapatiza ndipo wakhala malo imfa yake. Nzeru zapamwamba, anafa August 13, 1900. Iye anaikidwa pa Novodevichy manda, pafupi ndi bambo ake.

atakula

Mbali yaikulu ya cholowa Vladimira Soloveva ndi lingaliro ake a Mulungu-mwamuna weniweni. Chiphunzitsochi ankaphedwa kaye patsogolo nzeru zapamwamba mu "nkhani" mu 1878. atichitira amafotokoza ndi linanena bungwe la mgwirizano wa munthu ndi Mulungu. Solovyov ankachitira ndi kutsutsa kwa chikhalidwe misa chikhulupiriro cha mtundu Russian. Iye ankaona kuti miyambo mwambo "woipa mtima."

zina zambiri za akatswiri Russian, komanso Solovyov anayesera kupanga ganizo la ndiye boma la Mpingo Orthodox Russian. Anaphunzitsa, wolemba anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti Sophia, kapena nzeru, amene anali kukhala moyo wa chikhulupiriro watsopano. Komanso, iye ali ndi thupi - Mpingo. Ndi mugulu la okhulupiriia anali kukhala maziko a tsogolo anthu abwino.

Solovyov mu "nkhani pa Mulungu msinkhu," ananena kuti Mpingo pa mavuto aakulu. Ndi unagawanika ndipo alibe mphamvu pa malingaliro a anthu, ndi mu malo ake latsopano amanena otchuka koma maganizo chiphunzitso - positivism ndi zokomera onse. Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich (1853-1900) ankakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha tsokalo chauzimu anali Wamkulu French kuukira boma, lomwe linagwedezeka maziko a mwachizolowezi anthu European. 12 kuwerenga theorist kuyesa kuonetsa kuti yekha mpingo kusinthidwa ndi chipembedzo akhoza kutenga zingalowe maganizo, kumene kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX panali kwakukulu ziphunzitso zambiri zandale. Solovyov sanakhale moyo mpaka ulimi choyamba mu Russia mu 1905, koma ankaona kuti akukwaniritsidwa.

Lingaliro la Sophia

Malinga ndi maganizo a nzeru zapamwamba, ndi mfundo za umodzi wa Mulungu ndi munthu akhoza akuyendera Sofia. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha anthu abwino zochokera chikondi cha Chikhristu anzathu. Ponena za Sophia monga cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko anthu, woyambitsa "Kuwerenga" kunayambitsa nkhani ya chilengedwe chonse. Iye anafotokoza maganizo akewo za ndondomeko cosmogonic.

Buku nzeru zapamwamba Vladimir Solovyov (10 kuwerenga) akupereka dongosolo la zikamera wa dziko. Choyamba, inali lothandiza wa Astral. Wolemba kusonkhana ndi Islam. Kenaka ndi lothandiza Dzuwa. Pa nthawi iye anali ndi dzuwa, kutentha, kuwala, nyese ndi zochitika zina thupi. Pa masamba a ntchito zake theorist womangidwa nthawi ili ndi zambiri dzuwa zipembedzo za masiku amakedzana - chikhulupiriro Apollo, Osirisi, Adonis ndi Hercules. Mkubwela mu dziko la zamoyo anayamba otsiriza, Telluric nyengo.

Nthawiyi anapereka ulemu wapadera kwa Vladimir Solovyov. Mbiri yakale, nzeru zapamwamba ndi theorist anatsindika atatu a chitukuko zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. anthu amenewa (Ahelene, Ahindu ndi Ayuda) akanapereka lingaliro loyamba ndi anthu abwino popanda kukhetsa magazi ndi zinthu zina zoipa. Iwo unalalikidwa Iisus Hristos pakati pa anthu achiyuda. Solovyov anam'chitira osati ngati munthu, koma monga munthu amene anakwanitsa kutchula lonse la umunthu. Komabe, nzeru zapamwamba ankakhulupirira kuti anthu anaika zinthu zambiri kuposa la Mulungu. Pokhala mfundo imeneyi anakhala Adamu.

Kukangana za Sofia, Vladimir Solovyov Pamilunguyo zoti chilengedwe ali wosakwatiwa yake moyo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti anthu ayenera kutengera kuti izi pamene anthu onse n'zofanana. maganizo awa a nzeru zapamwamba zopezeka chinyezimiro chipembedzo china. Iye anali Uniate (ie kulimbikitsa umodzi wa mpingo). Pali ngakhale view kuti kutembenukira ku Chikatolika Ngakhale kuti anatsutsana ndi biographers chifukwa cha chikhalidwe otalikirana ndi magwero a inaccuracy. mwanjira ina, koma Solovyov anali kutsatira yogwira kugwirizana kwa Western ndi kum'mawa Church.

"Kukongola mu Nature"

Imodzi mwa ntchito lofunika Vladimira Soloveva anali Nkhani wake "Kukongola mu Nature", lofalitsidwa mu 1889. Wafilosofi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane zodabwitsazi, kum'patsa ya sukulu. Mwachitsanzo, anaona kukongola njira ya kusinthika kwa zinthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo Soloviev otchedwa kuyamikira kukongola palokha, osati monga njira kukwaniritsa zolinga zina. Iye ananenanso kuti kukongola kwa mwiniwake wa lingaliro.

Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich, kanthawi yonena zomwe ndi chitsanzo cha moyo wolemba, amene anakhudzidwa ntchito yake pafupifupi muzochitika zones za zochita za anthu, m'nkhani ino anafotokoza maganizo ake okhudza zojambulajambula. Wafilosofi ankakhulupirira kuti iye nthawi zonse anali nazo cholinga chimodzi chokha - kusintha n'loonadi ndipo zimakhudza chilengedwe ndi moyo wa munthu. Kutsutsana za cholinga cha luso anali wotchuka mu m'ma XIX. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhani yomweyo iye analankhula Leo Tolstoy, amene wolemba kungotchula kukangana. Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich, amene ndakatulo amadziwika zosakwana ntchito zake nzeru zaumunthu, analinso wolemba ndakatulo, kotero si ndi kuganiza za luso. "Kukongola mu Nature" zinakhudza maganizo a anzeru ya Silver Age. Kufunika kwa nkhani ino kuti zilandiridwenso wako chikondwerero olemba Alexander Blok ndi Andrei Bely.

"Tanthauzo la Chikondi"

Kodi anasiya Vladimir Solovyov? Mwamuna weniweni (mfundo zikuluzikulu) anayamba kupanga mu nkhani ya mutu wakuti "Tanthauzo la Chikondi" akufalitsidwa 1892-1893. Iwowa zosonyeza buku, mbali ya gawo limodzi lonse. M'nkhani yoyamba Solovyov anatsutsa lingaliro lakuti chikondi ndi njira yokhayo ya kubereka ndi kupitiriza kwa mtundu wa anthu. Komanso wolemba poyerekeza maganizo ake. Iye anayerekezera mavabodi mwatsatanetsatane, wochezeka, zachiwerewere, lachinsinsi chikondi kwa Lathu, ndi zina zotero. D. Pa nthawi yomweyo anawagwira chikhalidwe cha kudzikonda. Pakuti Soloveva Lyubov ndi mphamvu chabe kuti akhoza kuchititsa munthu osiyanasiyana individualistic tanthauzo lake.

Zimasonyeza ziyenera akatswiri ena Russian. Mwachitsanzo, Nikolay Berdyaev anakhulupirira mkombero "abwino kwambiri kuti zalembedwa za chikondi." A Alexey Losev, amene anali mmodzi wa mbiri wolembayo, anatsindika kuti Solovyov anakhulupirira chikondi njira kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wosatha (ndipo choncho m'thupi).

"Kulungamitsidwa wa Wabwino"

Buku "Kulungamitsidwa ya Good", wolembedwa mu 1897 ndi kiyi koyenela ntchito ya Vladimir Solovyov. wolemba ankafuna kuti apitirizebe ntchito imeneyi ili ndi mbali ziwiri ndipo motero, kufalitsa trilogy, koma analibe nthawi kuchita lingaliro lake. Mu buku lino, wolemba ukutchulidwa mikangano zabwino ndi mabuku ndi chopanda malire. Mu malo oyamba chifukwa chimachititsa maziko a umunthu. Soloviev zinali zoona kuganiza kuti anthu onse ali bwino kubadwa kwa lingo la manyazi, amene si ophunzira ndipo sangathe chokhwima kuchokera kunja. Iye akutchedwa, ndi ena ofanana khalidwe la mtundu wa anthu - mantha ndi chisoni.

Welcome ndi mbali yofunika ya mtundu wa anthu, chifukwa anapatsidwanso ndi Mulungu. Solovyov, kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa izi, makamaka ntchito magwero m'Baibulo. Iye anazindikira kuti mbiri yonse ya anthu - ndi ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa malo a chikhalidwe kudziko la mzimu (kutanthauza zoipa wosazindikira zabwino). Chitsanzo fanizo ndi zamoyo wa njira ya oipa chilango. Solovyov ananena kuti pamapeto pake inasowa mfundo kubwezera magazi. Komanso mu bukhu ili iye kamodzinso anatsutsa ntchito ya chilango cha imfa.

"Atatu Kukambirana"

Kwa zaka zambiri, nzeru za zilandiridwenso walemba ambiri mabuku, nkhani, nkhani ndi zina zotero. D. Koma, ngati aliyense wolemba, iye anali ntchito wotsiriza, amene anadzakhala Polongosola mwachidule njira yaitali. Kodi anasiya Vladimir Sergeevich Solovev? "Atatu Kukambirana pa nkhondo, Patsogolo ndi mapeto a mbiri ya dziko lapansi" - kotero ankatchedwa bukhu, olembedwa m'chaka cha 1900, asanamwalire. Inasindikizidwa pambuyo wolemba kunyamuka kwa moyo. Choncho, biographers ambiri komanso ofufuza ayamba kuona ngati pangano kwa wolemba kulenga.

Nzeru Vladimira Sergeevicha Soloveva, zokhudza vuto koyenela wa mwazi zochokera mfundozo awiri. Nkhondo - zoipa, koma ngakhale iye akanakhoza kukhala chilungamo. Mwachitsanzo, woganiza anapereka chitsanzo makampeni njira mu Vladimir Monomakh Polovtsian steppe. Ndi nkhondo, kalonga anakhoza kumupulumutsa kuthetsa Asilavo kwa mabomba ochuluka a okhalamo steppe kuposa wolungama zochita zake.

Mu kukambirana chachiwiri pa Nkhani ya kupita patsogolo Solovyov anati zamoyo za mgwirizano wa mayiko, zomwe zinamangidwa pa mfundo za mtendere. Ngakhale mayiko amphamvu kwambiri ankafunitsitsa kudziwa malire pakati pa iwo mu dziko likusintha mofulumira. Komabe, nzeru zapamwamba salinso anaona wamagazi nkhondo dziko chimene chinayamba m'mabwinja a dongosolo lino. Wolemba kucheza wachiwiri anatsindika kuti zochitika zazikulu m'mbiri ya anthu zinachitika ku Far East. Monga mayiko a ku Ulaya iperekedwe China ndi Japan ali anayamba njira patsogolo lakuthwa pa chitsanzo Western.

Nkhani yachitatu ya mapeto a mbiri ya dziko lapansi Solovyov, chikhulupiriro nthawi zonse ankanena kuti, ngakhale mumaganiza zabwino mu dziko la coipa apulumuka, ndiyo Wotsutsakhristu. Mu gawo womwewo wa nzeru woyamba I ntchito mawu akuti "Panmongolism" amene anayamba ntchito otsatira ake ambiri. zodabwitsazi ndi anthu Asian ndi kulamulira European kulimbikitsa. Soloviev ankakhulupirira kuti China ndi Japan agwirizane mphamvu, kulenga ufumu limodzi ndi kutulutsa alendo ochokera m'madera oyandikana, kuphatikizapo Burma.