Nzeru kum'mawa

"East - nkhani wosakhwima ..." Ndani sadziwa wotchuka mawu kuchokera kanema, kalekale ndakatulo? nzeru kum'mawa ndi wochepa thupi ndipo nthawi yomweyo mosalekeza. Bukuli lili ndi malangizo a maganizo, wobadwa a zikhalidwe ziwiri nthawi imodzi: Chinese ndi Indian. Iwo dzina lake Ancient. Koma kotero anawonjezera okhudza malo ndi wathupi chimango kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri lero.

nzeru kum'mawa - osati ya ziphunzitso osati chipilala mbiri, kusintha sizingatheke. Izi - pamtima umunthu. Pakuti choyambirira cha zake zomwenso. Man amakhalabe sanathetsedwe osati kwa ena, koma nthawi zina, ngakhale ndekha, atalephera kumvetsa mumtima mwawo zinthu payekha. Akamayamba funso: chifukwa podziwa ambiri njira yothetsera mavuto akutulukira, ife tikufuna kuti tidziwe momwe kufotokoza chodabwitsa cha munthu ndi nzeru kum'mawa? Kumaphatikizapo zosowa? Mwina. Ife ongoyendayenda digiri imodzi kapena mphamvu ina Eurocentric, tidzakhumudwa nthawi zonse ndikudabwa mmene watanthauzo kum'mawa umodzi wa njira chitukuko ndi zachilengedwe, Nchachikulu bwanji zosiyanasiyana onse maluso anthu thupi ndi ozindikira.

M'magazini izi nzeru za kum'mawa chiyani? Mu kaphatikizidwe ziphunzitso m'nthano, zomveka ndi achipembedzo. Apa zapiringizana Confucius ndi ziphunzitso Buddha, anthu otchedwa Vedas, "Avesta". Masomphenya kwathunthu wa munthu. nzeru East amaona dziko ndi munthuyo, monga cholengedwa wa milungu. Pali kunachokera hylozoism, Animism, anthropomorphism ndi associativity. Onse chamoyo, spiritualized. zochitika zachilengedwe ali ngati munthu, munthu - dziko.

Ubale wa munthu wosazindikira chilengedwe amatipatsa kumverera kugwirizana indissoluble: mu zifanizo za milungu munthu magulu a chikhalidwe (munthu akukumana mphamvu ya milungu, mphamvu zokanira anali), milungu ndi anthu, ngati moyo wamba, ndi zinthu wamba ndi zilema wamba. Komanso, kuti milungu ali wamphamvu yonse, ali monga anthu, capricious, wobwezera, amaopseza kapena, wokondedwa mmwamba, etc. Pa nthawi yomweyo zilembo amanenedwa ndi nthano luso wosangalatsa gonjetsani choyipa ndi pa njira chilungamo chipambane.

Chisokonezo pang'onopang'ono bungwe, ndi thambo ndi kunena kuti "munthu woyamba": tysyacheglavomu, tysyacheglazomu, tysyachenogomu Purusha, amene malingaliro adalenga mwezi, pakamwa - moto, maso - dzuwa, mphepo - mphepo.

Purusha - ndi chimake cha chilengedwe ndi dera anthu ndi ambiri kuti mwina pali utsogoleri wolowezana oyambirira (ndicho chikhalidwe), akuwonetseredwa mu magawano pa "Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira": Brahmins (kapena ansembe) - kuchokera mkamwa ya Purusha, ku manja a wake anali Kshatriyas (wankhondo Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira) kuchokera mchiuno - Vaishya (amalonda) ndi zina (sudras) - kuchokera mapazi.

nthano Chinese kufotokoza chilengedwe njira imeneyi, kokha dzina la Chitsulo mwa iwo - Pangu. Moor wobadwa mwa mphepo wake ndi mitambo, mutu wake wobadwa mwa bingu, maso dzuwa ndi mwezi, 4 m'mphambano za dziko zinachitika pa manja ndi mapazi a mtsinje - kuchokera magazi, mame ndi mvula - kuchokera thukuta, ndi mphezi anakhala maso owala ...

Kuyesa rationally kumvetsa dziko causality mu mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ake, masiyanidwe mosalekeza, anayenera kuona wanga anafuna kuti iye. Kumverera anakhalabe mogwirizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, koma pali malingaliro za ena mtheradi, kuli zimayambitsa mfundo yoyamba ya. mogwirizana anthu ndi Mtheradi kale kuyambira kutenga mawonekedwe pa zitsanzo ziwiri, zomwe onse anaonetsadi ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu East anthu ndi cikhalidwe cao. zipilala ziwiri zili: a despotism centralized (akuchokera umwini onse a madzi ndi dziko) ndi m'midzi. Mu maganizo a refracted mphamvu zopanda malire mwamtheradi kwa mfumu ya East (ndi mphamvuzonse umodzi, ndi makhalidwe a mulungu yaikulu).

Single China - "wamkulu pachiyambi" okhoza kubereka, kupatsa, kupha munthu anapangidwa ali kumwamba tsopano (kapena "Tian"). The "ovomerezeka a ndakatulo" ( "Classic andakatulo") ndi kholo chilengedwe kumwamba. The "Canon" likusonyeza ukusokoneza chikhalidwe, ayenera anakhalabe ndi osungidwa. Chinachake Patapita ndalama ndi maganizo angwiro, kumene malo oyamba uweme ndi zodyera (ena mfundo wokhalitsa - kukoma mtima, kulimba mtima ndiponso kuyesetsa makhalidwe, "kodi kuchita kuti ine sadzachita ena", ukoma, okhwima subordination kwa ofala zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo: mfumu akhale yekha, mwana - mwana ndi atate - bambo).

Maziko maganizo a anthu Chinese anakhala Chikomfyushani kutchulidwa cornerstones gulu la chikhalidwe malamulo, malangizo, miyambo. Mu lonena wodziwika "Li Tzu" Confucius analemba kuti: "Popanda Lee kuti sizingatheke, ndipo kotero, sanali boma ndi chitukuko kodi si - padzakhala kusiyana pakati pa nzika ndi mfumu, mtendere ndi highs, achikulire ndi achinyamata .. Lee - zinthu mwa dongosolo anakhazikitsa ".

A chithunzi ofanana ukuonekera ku India. Apa Brahma imagwiritsidwa zenizeni ndi weniweni, limatanthauzira mayina ndi Karma amapereka udindo wapadera. Iye anakhazikitsa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira magawano, udzafunidwa kugwilizana popanda chifukwa. Pali pamwamba - Brahmins (kapena ansembe), ndi kuitumikira kumalimbikitsidwa ndi ofunika monga "ntchito za apamwamba" Sudras (wamba).

Indian zenizeni - mu "malekezero a dziko lapansi", omwe anatsimikiza ndi moyo wa munthu ndi amphamvu kuti ena chiyembekezo zothandiza mu chochitika zolakwa simunawasiye. Njira yokhayo - kuphwanya "Samsara" (kubadwanso unyolo).

Mwa njira, apa pagona gwero la lachinsinsi kufufuza ndi austerity njira imene imathandiza mu "Bhagavad Gita" momveka bwino ndi mwamphamvu kufalitsidwa mu Buddhism: "malingaliro okha osati iwookha wopambana, opanda zilakolako ndi alibe mwamuna ukufika ungwiro ..."

Features wa wakale nzeru kum'mawa adzakhala kutsegulanso maganizo ngakhale a mibadwo yambiri ...