Werengerani Panin Nikita Ivanovich: yonena ntchito ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Werengerani Panin Nikita Ivanovich - mkulu wolemekezeka pa Mfumukazi Elizabeth ndi Catherine Alekseevna, wochenjera ndiponso zobisika nthumwi, mphunzitsi wa Korona Prince, yemwe adayambitsa woyamba Russian malamulo, amene anali kuchepetsa autocracy. Izi ndi Kufotokoza mwa chidule za ntchito zake pa bwalo la empresses awiri. Tsopano ife tione, kodi makhalidwe wogwidwa Chiwerengero Nikita Panin. yonena wake mwadzaza machenjerero mosamala, ndipo komabe iye anafa mwamanyazi.

zaka zoyambirira

Nikita Panin anabadwa mu Danzig mu 1718, pa March 31, m'banja la anthu olemekezeka, osati makamaka wolemera, koma otetezeka kwambiri. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti makolo awo anali ku Italy ku mzinda wa Lucca. Patatha zaka zitatu, iye anali mng'ono Peter. Abale anagwira ubwenzi wawo pa moyo wake. The linga Pernove bambo anali commandant. Iwo akula ndipo anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba. Malinga ndi mwambo ndi kubadwa kwa Chiwerengero Panin chinalembedwa mu alonda. Pa 22, iye anali Mulingo wa mphalasa ndipo anatumikira ku khoti.

ntchito zamtendere

Pambuyo kulanda boma mu 1741 pa bwalo anali zikondwerero mosalekeza. Pa mnyamata wokongola guardsman, walandira udindo wa njonda ya chipinda chogona, iye anacheukira ake mokondwera Mfumukazi Elizaveta Petrovna. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye anagona pamodzi ndi tsiku zoikika za banja lachifumu. Pambuyo mulandu uwu ananditumiza ku Copenhagen ndiyeno Stockholm mu 1747. Mwina zinali zosiyana. Ndiye anasewera mbali ya bwalo intrigue, umene unali malo ankakonda kukhala wa si Panin, ndi mnyamata wokongola V. Shuvalov. Lang'anani, khoti akutembenukira kwa nthumwi za, kwambiri kusintha mbiri yake. Nikita Panin "Anapitirizabe" pa malo a kazembe mu Stockholm uja zaka 12.

Ndiye anali wamng'ono, yosasangalatsa, ozizira ndi konyowa mzinda. Nikita Ivanovich nthaŵi pachabe. Iye kuwerenga kwambiri, anaphunzira ufumu Swedish, zomwe zimasokoneza yamalamulo. anasintha malingaliro ake. Werengerani Panin adakhala othandiza mafumu a malamulo, samalani ndi wanzeru nthumwi ndi ndale. Pamene maganizo ake a Choonadi woganiza anagwira Komanso, iye anazindikira kuti Russia ali kuthana ndi Britain kukopa m'chigawo Baltic.

A chida chatsopano mu ntchito yake

woyang'anira wake, Chancellor AP Bestuzhev-Ryumin, anagwera mu chamanyazi 1758, Panin Nikita Ivanovich ndipo anatsanzika, koma zonse mwadzidzidzi, ndipo ali yekha 1760 ndi Elizabeth I ofesi mkulu - mphunzitsi Tsarevich Paulo Petrovich, amene anali zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Panin: wophunzitsa ndi nthumwi

Werengerani Panin analandira "chinsinsi" malo. Izo zikhoza bwanji tsogolo la mfumu Russian. Ambiri mwa bwalo sanafune kuona pampando wachifumu wa mlendo, lomwe kusiyana ndi khalidwe wonyanyuka, Peter III. Anakonda dziko pansi pa ulamuliro wawo analamulira wamng'ono Paulo I. Koma kunapezeka mosiyana, anagwira mphamvu ndi thandizo la abale Orlovyh Ekaterina Alekseevna.

Werengerani Panin imayendetsedwa zokhumba za mfumu yatsopano, ndi wotetezedwa wophunzira wake ndi moyo chete. Mu yomweyi, anachita ntchito ya lodziwa anasankhidwa ndi milandu atamva ndi aphungu, bwalo akadali wosadziwa mu nkhani zakunja achinyamata Mfumukazi Catherine II. Pamodzi ndi iye, iye anakhala tate wa Union ya Baltic States motsogozedwa ndi Prussia ndi Russia.

Panin - wophunzitsa

Nanga bwanji achinyamata Paulo? Ayi, iye sunaiwalike ndi Nikita Ivanovich. Iwo modzipereka Ufumuyo mzake. Panin mwanthabwala unobtrusive njira kuyesera kuphunzitsa mwana wake lingaliro mafumu malamulo a dziko lino. Friendly, nthawi zonse adachoka mulu wa nthabwala ndi nkhani zothandiza anzeru Nikita Ivanovich adzazunzidwa Korona Prince ziphunzitso nampatsa kwambiri ufulu.

Ndipotu iye anali m'malo ndi makolo ake. Mnyamata wamng'ono tcheru kumvetsera maganizo a Nikita Ivanovich, kuti sanali Mfumukazi. Mwamsanga pamene Paulo anali ndi zaka 17, Panin inachotsedwa ofesi. Onse: ndipo mphunzitsi, ndi wophunzira wake, kwambiri odziwa chamanyazi, chokonzedwa zokongola. Iye anapatsidwa serfs zikwi zinayi, zikwi zana limodzi rubles, utumiki wa siliva, amene anali ofunika zikwi zisanu rubles, nyumba ku St. Petersburg, caterers ndi vinyo kwa chaka, pa livery atumiki, ngolo, ndi chiwerengero cha malipiro, omwe analipo rubles zikwi zisanu kale fortini zilipo. Komabe, Panin mpaka mapeto a moyo wake anapitiriza chikoka pa Paulo Petrovich, amene ankasangalala malangizo ake.

Chifukwa opals

Mu 1762, Nikita Ivanovich anali polojekiti imene malire mafumu okha ndi chimango okhwima, ndi Senate unagawidwa m'madipatimenti. Mbali yoyamba sanali Mfumukazi, ndipo ambiri adzakumbukira, ndi wachiwiri iye anachita.

Nthumwi odziwa

Komabe, Panin anatsimikizira chofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya mfundo yachilendo. Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri pamodzi ndi Mfumukazi, iye anatsogolera College of Affairs okhonda. Mu 1763 anakhala membala mkulu wa College. Woleza mtima ndi wachifundo munthu, kotero skilfully anatsogolera kukambirana kuti anadzikaniza ake asanamvepo, ndi kumumvetsera mokoma zikubwetuka kulankhula, oimira yachilendo kuyiwala za cholinga chawo chachikulu.

Polalikira rapprochement ndi Prussia pa udindo waukulu ku Russia, iye ali ndi Catherine II analenga Union of limati kumpoto, amene ankatsutsa England ( "Kumpoto Motsatira"). Iye anatsutsana ndi kugawa kwa Poland ndi France phindu.

Mu 1765, mgwirizano anali anapangana ndi Copenhagen, mu 1766 - pangano ndi Britain malonda. Mu zaka 1768-74 pambuyo nkhondo Chirasha Turkey kusintha kumene Catherine Wachiwiri wa malamulo, ndipo Panin watha kukhala kofunika Mfumukazi. Mu 1769, werengani Panin nawo chiwembu, amene akukonzekera napasula Mfumukazi ndi kulamulira Grand Duke Paulo Petrovich, amene analumbira kuti amalemekeza makonzedwe oyendetsera dziko Kuchepetsa mafumu. chiwembu anatulukira, koma Panin mokoma kuchotsedwa bwalo ndi Grand Duke. Mu 1780, pa kumasulidwa kwa America kuchokera kulamulira British, iye anayesetsa kuti kulengeza za dziko usilikali. Mu 1781 iye kwathunthu anapuma.

Woyamba Russian Constitution

Izo ndi madera awiri.

Choyamba, mawu oyamba chifukwa chimene dziko likusowa boma amene amamvera malamulo. N'kofunikanso kupangika nthawi zonse Panin Nikita Ivanovich. Mbiri ya Russia zamakono - umboni wooneka bwino wa kulondola kwa malingaliro a ndondomeko ya atumwi XVIII. Authority anapatsidwa kazembe kuchita zabwino kwa anthu ake, mkulu wa anthu ayenera kusankha. Ichi ndi maziko a mphamvu - chisankho ake. maziko Political ankaona chuma payekha. Ndipo zimene zinali mu chiyambi chake? Panin Izi sanati, koma mapeto lodziwikiratu: malo a serfs. Ngati kuwononga feudalism ndi kupereka mpata, ndiye nchiani chiti chichitike? Tikudziwa yankho la funso limeneli kuyambira 1862, koma ndiye sizinali bwino.

Kenako Chiwerengero Panin Nikita Ivanovich mfundo momveka sakanatha kugwira ntchito kunja. Iye sketched kunja chamutu ndi kumene zinali zoonekeratu kuti wolamulira wa dziko ayenera kukhala Orthodox, koma zipembedzo zina zonse osati akuponderezedwa. Ndi zofunika kukonza motsatizana, omwe kenako anachita Paulo Petrovich. ufulu zigawo sanali mwachindunji, koma anali mutu. Makhoti ayenera kuchita pagulu. Misonkho tikuuzidwa pokhapokha zokambirana boma. lamulo limeneli, atamwalira, iye anapatsa mlowam'malo wa, wophunzira wake ndiwotani, koma kuti sanalandire. Panina m'bale, Peter Ivanovich, powona kusintha khalidwe la Paulo, sanam'patse chikalatacho. Kuti anapulumuka zidutswa okha omwe ndi mlembi wake D. I. Fonvizinym.

Pamene N. I. Panin anafa 1763 ali ndi zaka 65, ndiye iye anakhala pambali pa bedi lake, Paulo Petrovich dzanja lake. Kamodzi mphamvu, iye anaika namkungwi chipilala mu mpingo wa St. Magadala mu Pavlovsk.

makhalidwe a Chiwerengero Panin ndi mfundo zosangalatsa moyo wake

Wachifundo ndi wofatsa, mwa chirengedwe, iye anali sybarite kwambiri. Ine sindikufuna kudzuka pabedi pamaso masana, konse mofulumira, waulesi kwambiri ndi zonse sunatenge ziphuphu. Iye sanali adyera, limene adamupatsa serfs Nikita Ivanovich adagawira alembi wake, kuphatikizapo gawo lake D. I. Fonvizin, ndi Wolemba wina m'tsogolo.

The N. I. Panina, wokonda chakudya chabwino anali oyang'anira zophika bwino mu mzindawo. Komabe, iye akhoza kutenga kukonza chakudya: kuphika oysters mowa ndi kuwotcha nokha pamene khafu lapansi. Koma iye sakanakhoza kukhala wathanzi m'mawa, kwambiri zolimba madzulo, atatha mgonero mavwende. Wokwatira, sanali, koma kusamalira theka wokongola wa umunthu ndi zosangalatsa. Komanso, iye anali Mason.

Pakuti ife, ana ake, werengani Panin anakhalabe kukumbukira monga nthumwi kwambiri amene anabweretsa ndithu phindu Russia ndi analimbitsa chake limati kumadzulo.