Dera chuma chimene. Chapakati Black Lapansi chigawo: onse mudziwe

Chapakati Black Lapansi zachuma dera (TSCHER) Nkofunika ndithu mu dongosolo chuma la Russia. Ichi ndi chifukwa dera malo ndi kupanga zipangizo ili m'gawo lake. Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zimene tingachite zachuma Chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi. Komanso kuganizira tanthauzo la mfundo regionalization.

zigawo Economic Russia

Economic dera - ali mbali ya dziko kuti ali mbali zina za specialization zachuma, wamba zomangamanga, njira zolankhulirana.

Redistricting si mbali ya utsogoleri-Kupititsa kugawikana kwa dziko, ndipo akutumikira monga chuma-Hrs akuti wosalira kumvetsa mgwilizano chuma, komanso kwambiri mwayi yabwino kukonzekera pofuna kukwaniritsa dera.

Panopa, boma latsopano la Russia kuonetsetsa thwelofu iyi nkhani. Chuma m'dera ku Central Black Lapansi - mmodzi wa iwo. Pa tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

Malo Hrs a m'derali

Region Economic chapakati Black Lapansi lili mbali kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Russia. Kumzinda waukulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zosavomerezeka likulu lake - Voronezh lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero cha anthu 1 miliyoni. Kapangidwe ka ku Central Black Lapansi zachuma dera zikuphatikizapo asanu zigawo Russia: Kursk, Makhachkala, Voronezh, Belgorod, Tambov. (. 52 200 sq km) dera lalikulu kwambiri awa -Voronezhskaya, ndi m'dera laling'ono ali Makhachkala - mamita lalikulu 24,000. Km. Area Belgorod, Kursk ndi Tambov m'madera ndi 27100, 30 000 kapena 34 500 sq. Km motero.

Nthawi zina amatchedwa m'deralo monga Orel dera lomwe lili ofanana ndi nkhani zina za mbiri Russian wa mokoma ofanana chitukuko ndi ubale wamphamvu zachuma. Koma magawidwe lero boma limakhudza chigawo zachuma Central.

Choncho 167 700 sq. Km - m'dera dera lawo, lomwe lili ku Central Black Lapansi zachuma dera. EGP (mmene chuma chikuyendera komanso malo) kuti n'kopindulitsa ndithu. Derali lili pa nthawi yomweyo ali moyandikana wachibale ku likulu la dziko ndi ambiri pafupi ndi malire boma pakati Russia ndi Ukraine. Zimenezi ndi zolowa kwambiri m'gawo lake, lomwe Komabe, utachepa chifukwa akuchuluka ubale ndi anansi.

dzina

Region Economic (chapakati Black Lapansi) nalo dzina lake pa nthawi ya Russian Ufumu, pamene kwenikweni pamalo chapakati mu gawo Loona za dziko. Panopa, dzina lake boma si zoona kwathunthu, kuyambira m'dera lili kumalire kumadzulo kwa Russia ndi si mwachirengedwe chapakati.

Black Lapansi chigawo dzina lake chifukwa chakuti maziko a dothi lake ndi lachonde wakuda nthaka. dzina lake lachiwiri lomwe lili ndi mwachilungamo lonse makope - Black Lapansi.

nkhani

Chapakati Black Lapansi zachuma dera la Russia ali ndi mbiri m'malo chidwi ndi yaitali chitukuko.

Midzi woyamba wa anthu amakono apezeka am'derali kwambiri kwa Mkuwa Age. Iwo anali otchedwa abashevo chikhalidwe. Kenako gawo kunkakhala anthu mafuko ambiri Chernozemya: Asukuti Sarmatians, Alans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans.

Mu madera ambiri a m'deralo zitakhazikika ndipo Asilavo mafuko a northerners, kumene iye wotchedwa Siverschyna. Iye anakhala mbali ya Old boma Russian, ndipo pambuyo kugwa kwake kunali mbali ya Chernigov ndi maukulu Novgorod-Seversky. Maziko a mzinda wa Kursk unalembedwa 1032 chaka. Iye ndi wamkulu kwambiri wa midzi alipo m'gawo la Black Nthaka.

Pambuyo Mongol nkhondo ya m'magawo awa umatha. Apa Akhafamba Nogai. West la pano Chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi mbali ya Duchy la Lithuania.

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XV kulimbitsa yofunika kwambiri Moscow ukulu, amene anatembenuzidwa kuti kumwamba Russian. Chikoka Chake anayamba m'mayiko a Chernozem. Alendowa izi anasamukira ku kuteteza malire kum'mwera kwa dzikoli ndi Crimea Khanate ndi chabe pofunafuna nthaka yachonde. Kumapeto kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi m'ma linga anamanga Belgorod ndi Voronezh, ndipo kenako m'mizinda ikuluikulu, ndipo tsopano ndi malo oyandikana.

Pa Russian Ufumu, pambuyo kusintha utsogoleri mu 1708, m'dera Chernozem unagawidwa pakati pa Azov ndi Kiev zigawo. Tikhoza kunena kuti pa nthawi iyi, popeza cha m'ma XV, dera makamaka kwayekha ndipo anaphunziranso angapo makhalidwe kwa iye. Ndi 1880 monga yosindikiza ziwerengero, mu womwenso chapakati ulimi dera (mtsogolo TSCHER), zomwe zikuphatikizapo zigawo izi: Kaluga, Voronezh, Penza, Ryazan, Tambov, Kursk, Orel, Tula.

Pambuyo pa kubwera kwa mphamvu Soviet, mu 1928, izo anapanga osiyana Chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi ndi pakati dera Voronezh. akuphatikizapo zikuphatikizapo Orel, Voronezh, Tambov ndi Kursk zigawo. Mu 1934, Chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi linathetsedwa ndi kugawidwa mu Voronezh ndi Kursk dera. Mu 1937, ku dongosolo awo anali kudziŵika Orel ndi Tambov zigawo, ndipo mu 1954 zambiri Makhachkala ndi Belgorod.

Ndi nyengo Soviet kwakukulukulu chimachititsa kuti mafakitale derali, pomanga mafakitale lalikulu ndi mabizinezi, komanso tima chitukuko cha ulimi. Komanso anayambitsa regionalization chuma m'njira zamakono mawu, ndipo anatsindika TSCHER.

Mbali zamakono

Pambuyo kulalikidwa kwa ulamuliro wa RSFSR pa mapeto a May 1991 wapampando wa onyamula Mphamvu Borisa Eltsina lamulo analengeza chilengedwe wa Association of "Black Lapansi", yokonzedwa atsogolere mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa mbali munthu derali. Ndi 2010, Association zikuphatikizapo zigawo 10, 5 amene sali m'gulu TSCHER, ngakhale ali pafupi atangochimwa izo.

The mgugu 90 m, komanso lonse la Russia, derali kudutsa nthawi yovuta: kupanga anagwa, mabizinezi ambiri anatsekedwa. Ichi chinali chifukwa mokoma kusintha kuchokera wopita ku chuma msika. Koma kuyambira 2000s oyambirira, mmene chuma chikuyendera wa Chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi bwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti anali adakali kutali m'pamene akubera umatha zonse.

anthu

Chiwerengero cha ku Central Black Lapansi zachuma dera pa nthawi ili pafupi 7800 zikwi. Anthu pa osalimba a anthu 46 pa kilometre lalikulu. Km. A ambiri a anthu amakhala m'mizinda - 70%, ndipo 30 zokha% ya anthu ndi anthu akumidzi.

Anthu ambiri m'dera la Chernozem - Voronezh. Chiwerengero pali anthu mamiliyoni 2.3, zomwe oposa 1 miliyoni mlandu wake Voronezh. The okhala chinthu chotsiriza ndi Tambov dera - anthu miliyoni 1,05. Population Belgorod, Makhachkala ndi Kursk zigawo 1.6, 1.2 ndi anthu mamiliyoni 1.1. ankalemekeza.

The kachulukidwe apamwamba a anthu m'dera Belgorod -. 57,1 anthu / sq. Km. Laling'ono mu Tambov -. Anthu 30,5 / sq Km. Km. Zogwirizana zizindikiro Makhachkala, Voronezh ndi Kursk zigawo chifukwa cha 48,1, 44,7, anthu 37,3 / sq M.. Km.

The zikuchokera dziko la anthu ambirimbiri m'chigawo (pa 95%) ndi Russian. chiwerengero cha Ukrainians musalumphe 1.5-2% ya anthu okhala kudera zachuma. Pakati ing'onoing'ono ena tisaiwale Armenia, Majipise, Azerbaijanis, Turkey, Ayuda ndi Yezidi Kurds. Komabe, chiwerengero cha anthu oimira magulu awa mitundu ndi zazing'ono - zosakwana 0.5% ya chiwerengero cha anthu Chernozemya.

mizinda

Mizinda ndi mbiri ulemerero - ambiri midzi yaikulu yomwe ili m'malire a m'dera Black Lapansi.

Ndi kuthetsa waukulu wa dera la zachuma mzinda wofunika - Voronezh, kumene anthu kuposa anthu 1 miliyoni. Mwa zina mabungwe waukulu allocated ngati malo dera monga Lipetck (zoposa 500 zikwi. Anthu) Kursk (zoposa 420 zikwi. Anthu), Bilgorod (zoposa 380 zikwi. Anthu) Tambov (zoposa 280 zikwi. Anthu). Waukulu pakati dera mzinda wa Stary Oskol m'dera Belgorod. Anthu ndi zoposa 250 zikwi. M'dzikoli.

Onse a midzi pamwamba ali ndithu bwino anayamba makampani ndi zomangamanga.

chuma

zachilengedwe za ku Central Black Lapansi zachuma dera alidi kwambiri. Pa m'gawo lake lili lalikulu kwambiri mu Russia ndi wachiwiri kukula gawo chitsulo miyala mu dziko - Kursk anomaly. Komanso, dera la Black Nthaka inali madipoziti apatite wa bauxite, mchenga, miyala, dongo, mankwala, choko, lubwe, ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Palinso miyala ya golide, pulatinamu, mkuwa ndi faifi tambala.

Koma chachikulu zinthu zachirengedwe derali ndi wakuda nthaka yake yachonde. Ubwino wa nthaka, chifukwa mkulu kuchuluka zili manyowa, zimene zimathandiza inu kupagalwi wa vintages kwambiri mu dziko.

makampani

Specialization a ku Central Black Lapansi zachuma dera ali ndi kutchulidwa khalidwe mafakitale ndi.

Ngakhale chitukuko ambiri amaganiza derali, cholowa cha makampani mu chuma chake liri kulamuliridwa ndi ochepa pa ulimi. Kutsogolera ntchito kulamulidwa ndi mafakitale zotsatirazi: makina nyumba, zitsulo, migodi, processing chakudya, mankhwala ndi mphamvu mafakitale.

ulimi

Pamaso pa wakuda lachonde kumathandiza chakuti ulimi ku Central Black Lapansi zachuma dera ali ndi msinkhu ndi mkulu wa chitukuko. Kumene, poyerekeza ndi Soviet Union lonse kupanga mu gawo anakana kwambiri, koma Komabe, poyerekeza ndi madera ena Russian Chernozem Economic zizindikiro kuoneka bwino.

Nthambi kwambiri anayamba ndi mbewu. M'madera chachikulu - ulimi wa mbewu monga chimanga, mbewu ya mpendadzuwa, Beet shuga, mbatata ndi zina zamasamba.

Ziweto kupanga chimakhala chogwidwa ndi nyama, mkaka ndi mazira.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Kumene, TSCHER mmodzi wa kuthekera kwambiri kwa kutukula poyerekeza ndi madera ena a Russia. Pali nkhokwe kwambiri zachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a mmodzi wa waukulu madipoziti chitsulo miyalayo dziko ndi nambala yaikulu dothi kwambiri chonde - chernozems. Zomangamanga ndi makampani a m'dera zachuma ndi bwino kwambiri anayamba, pali zinthu zambiri zimene tinatengera kwa nyengo ya Soviet.

Kodi ogwira ntchito angathe izi zimatengera pa utsogoleri wa dziko lonse, komanso atsogoleri dera. Koma osati mu TSCHER tsogolo osachepera zimadalira munthu aliyense amene ankakhala kumeneko. Woona yekha cholinga ndi njira yothandizira kuti akhoza kwenikweni kubweretsa zotsatira chogwirika. Komabe, tikhoza kunena kuti chitukuko cha dera ndi kale zikuyenda bwino.