Ryazan Kremlin: mbiri, ndemanga ndi zithunzi. Museum wa Ryazan Kremlin

Boma la Russia ndi gawo amakezana mzinda wa Ryazan. Basi pa malo ano 1095 inachokera Pereyaslavl Ryazan, umene 1778 anadzatchedwa kuti dzina panopa. malo anasankhidwa mwangwiro. Kremlin Ryazanskiy ili pa nsanja mkulu, ndi malo a mahekitala 26 mawonekedwe a quadrangle osasamba kumbali zitatu ndi mitsinje. Ndipo kuda kuthetsa wakale zikupezekera chibwenzi kumbuyo ngakhale chikwi zaka BC.

A mbiri pang'ono

Pereslavl, pa mfundo ya zakale inamangidwa pa gombe la nyanja mofulumira m'chigawo chakumpoto pa phiri. Iri linatsimikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zambiri zamakono. Kenako anayamba kukhala mofulumira ndi m'ma 14 kale chimadzaza lonse Kremlin phiri. chifukwa ndi lophweka: zaka za m'ma 13, mzinda zinasintha udindo wake, wakhala likulu la ukulu, monga Ryazan, adali ndi udindo yoteroyo patsogolo, mobwerezabwereza anawononga pa Mongol-Chitata nkhondo. Pereyaslavl, monga mbiriyakale ya Ryazan Kremlin anati, mwamsanga anapita kupitirira phiri kwambiri kukodzedwa kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera. Ndipo boma la Russia wakhala kwambiri yamalinga, pakati gawo la mzinda ndi linga lolimba kwambiri ndi dongosolo la mwambo Lazaro malinga. Ndi dzanja limodzi lokha, kum'mwera kumadzulo, sizikutetezedwa ndi mitsinje, anakumba chemba ndi kuzungulira kukafika kutsogolo kwa n'chodabwitsa lapansi. Iye anamanga zokhalamo makoma matabwa ndi nsanja 12. Glebovsky chipata nsanja anali waukulu ndipo ndinayang'ana mbali ya Moscow. M'zaka za m'ma 18 Pereyaslavl anataya phindu kunja kum'mwera kwa Russia, ndipo ambiri a nyumba za asilikali anali anagwetsa. Unakhalabe kuti nthawi yathu chabe mpukutu wa kutsinde ndi mamita 300 yaitali ndi chemba mu gawo kum'mwera kumadzulo.

Komanso chitukuko cha boma la Russia

A nthawi ndi nthawi Ryazan Kremlin kumangidwa ndi matabwa. Izo zinali kokha m'zaka za m'ma 15 woyera mwala, pafupi ndi bwalo Prince a, anamanga Cathedral Mzinda Wonse wa Akukwera Cathedral. Ndipo kwa theka lachiwiri la m'ma 17 ku Pereslavl anadza heyday a zomangamanga mwala. Pa malo poyamba inali a kalonga yachifumu zovuta anamanga gulu loyimba lonse, wopangidwa angapo a nyumba yapachiweniweni: nambala ya nyumba zachuma ndi utsogoleri, kuphatikizapo - coopers, smithy, Consistorial ndi Choral nyumba, zogona zipinda za bishopu, amene anadzatchedwa " Oleg 'Palace. Yotsatira za m'ma 18, umwini anali atazunguliridwa ndi mpanda mwala, ife kuika zitseko ochepa. Pa nthawi thupi Consistory Tingaone ndi Chidutswa chimodzi cha iwo.

Mchitidwe umenewu Pereyaslavl ndi Cathedral Square

Kale amonke awiri ankakhala mu gawo - amuna awiri. Kum'mwera - Spassky, wamkulu, kumpoto-kum'mawa - Dukhovskoy. Pa dera la koyamba kwa nthawi yaitali unali mzinda wolemera kwambiri, manda. Mu 40s wa atumwi wotsiriza iwo anali lithe, kusiya okumbukira olandira awiri m'manda:

1. Engraver, Professor IP Pozhalostina wa ku St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana, amene anakhalako kuyambira mu 1837 mpaka zaka 1909.
2. Wojambula ndi wolemba S. D. Hvoschinskoy, amene anakhala ndi moyo kuyambira 1828 mpaka zaka 1865.

Ndipo mu 1959, kuchokera mmanda zinamulimbikitsa Ryazan Ya. P. Polonskogo, yaikulu Russian ndakatulo amene anakhalako 19. Malo ofunika kwambiri Pereyaslavl anali Cathedral Square, m'gawo limene ili: ndi clerks la kanyumba wa - mabungwe chachikulu cha dongosolo la mzinda, chipinda ufa ndi ndende pabwalo.

Ryazan Kremlin mu 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20

Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 19, nkhani imeneyi kenako kufunika kwake chapakati. kusiya kupembedza m'mayiko mpingo zinachitikadi, ndipo pambuyo munda bishopu anakana kwambiri. Pakutha pa 18 pakati m'ma mzinda adatengedwa ndi boma la Russia, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ayambe ndi ankaona pa maholide zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. The yonseyi - chete ndi mtendere mzinda. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 20, kudzera mu ntchito za mzinda sayansi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso ofufuza m'deralo, Ryazan Kremlin anayamba kukhala ndi udindo wa mmodzi wa akuluakulu ndi zofunika zinthu zakale m'deralo. Ndi chikumbutso 800th wa mzinda, mu 1895, chinasanduka likulu la zikondwelelo yaikulu. Mu Palace ya Oleg Museum wa Church Antiquities anatsegula mu 1914 - Drevlekhranilishche, ndipo mu 1923, ku Soviet Union, akuzigawo luso-mbiri owonetsera zakale.

Izi zinthu zakale - tsopano

Mbali zatsopano za m'nyumbayi-malo Ryazan Kremlin inayamba mu 1968, pamene akuluakulu aboma amakuonani pano ndi mapulani ndi mbiri yakale zovuta. Kuwonjezera m'dera la Pereyaslavl wakale, kumaphatikizapo mapulani ndi chitetezo nyumba yonse ya Kale, anapulumuka masiku amenewo. Nthaka kwambiri aikiwa mu dongosolo, nyumba wobwezeretsedwa ndi inasanduka Museum. Pakali pano, gulu loyimba ndi malo kwabasi ndi wokongola wakale zomangamanga ulemu si malo dera, mzinda wa Ryazan, ndipo mmodzi wa zokongola ndi kunyada lonse la Russia.

kopanda Cathedral

Chaka chilichonse alendo ambiri kubwera ku malo amenewa kuti timudziwe bwino pang'ono zapitazi dziko lawo alendo - kupeza gawo la mbiri Russian. Kotero, apa ndi chipilala chapakati cha Mfundo Cathedral wa Ryazan Kremlin, zomwe ife otchulidwa mwachidule. Linamangidwa Yakovom Grigorevichem Buhvostovym, wazomangamanga waukulu kwambiri 1693-1699, motero. Cathedral inamangidwa monga kachisi tchalitchi akale, koma kunapezeka dongosolo waukulu, umene ndi kukula kwake, mamita lalikulu 1600 ndi mamita 72 mkulu, ali kuposa ambiri a nyumba za nthawi imeneyo. Kalembedwe kamangidwe ka nyumbayi - Naryshkin Baroque, ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kaphatikizidwe organic chithunzi kupenta, zosemasema ndi zomangamanga. Mwachitsanzo, ndi wapadera kusema pa architraves woyera mwala ndi makonde. tiers Zisanu mafano kutalika okwana mamita 27 anapanga wophunzira ndi wotsatira Simona Ushakova Nikolaem Solomonovym. Ulusi iconostasis anaphedwa Sergeem Hristoforovym alinso kwambiri luso ndi nzeru zake. Mizati anapangidwa kuchokera mtengo umodzi thunthu lililonse. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, pa tchalitchi ndi lotseguka kwa alendo. Pali ngakhale ntchito. Mu 2008 anasiya kukhala owonera zakale ndi m'manja m'dera m'deralo.

Glebovskiy mlatho ndi chiunda chomenyerapo nkhondo

Poganizira matchalitchi a Ryazan Kremlin, osanenapo wa Khristu, amene ali zotsalira za St. Vasiliya Ryazanskogo, bishopu, komanso manda a mafumu m'dera: Sofia - wamkazi Dmitriya Donskogo, Ivan lachitatu ndi mlongo - Anna. Pa gawo la boma la Russia ali Glebovskiy mwala mlatho, yomwe inamangidwa ndi belu nsanja m'ma 18. Ilinso ndi kapangidwe arched. Ngakhale kale mu malo ake anali mlatho yamatabwa wa thundu, lomwe lili ndi chipongwe ndi zikugwirizana mbali yaikulu ya mzinda ndi ndende. Kamodzi mbisoweka kuopseza adani kunja, izo m'malo ndi mwala. Kuchokera kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa boma la Russia phiri ndi mpanda wina wakale - lapansi chitunda. M'litali - mamita 290, onse omwe atsalira. Poyambirira, pamaso m'ma 18, izo zinkayenera makoma matabwa ndi nsanja. Kumbuyo kwake kunali dzenje wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndi akuya mamita asanu. Ndipo ngakhale tsopano zosakwana kutsinde mkulu ndi aulemu, koma chidwi, ndipo amakhala monyadira pamwamba m'dera ozungulira.

Dvorets Olega

Ngati mwaganiza kukaona Ryazan Kremlin, maulendo wabwino ndiponso kuthandiza inu timudziwe bwino malo onse chidwi. Inu Ndithu kusonyeza Mwachitsanzo, yaikulu ya nyumbayi yapachiweniweni - Dvorets Olega, yomwe inamangidwa pa malo poyamba inali bwalo kalonga. Pali kale Komiti m'dera mabishopu, moyo zachuma, maselo fraternal ndi mpingo kunyumba. Kumanga malo - mamita lalikulu 2530. Iwo ali apansi atatu, amene anamangapo si zonse mwakamodzi, koma mwapang'onopang'ono. Cha m'ma 17 m'ma wamanga Yu. K. Ershov anamanga awiri ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma wamanga chomwecho G. L. Mazuhin anamanga lachitatu. Mu 1780, katswiri wa zomangamanga Ya. I. Shneyderom kutalika kwa nyumbayo kuchuluka chifukwa kutambasuka kum'mawa. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma lotsatira wamanga akuzigawo S. A. Schetkin kwathunthu anamanganso izo. Zinali zabwino kwambiri nyumba pediment Baroque, trims akuda ndi Terem mawindo. Kuyambira pamenepo linadzatchedwa Dvorets Olega.

kuimba Corps

Mwa kuphunzira owonetsera zakale Ryazan Kremlin, n'kosatheka kulabadira pakati pa chipilala cha zomangamanga kwa zaka za m'ma 17 - thupi Choral. Inamangidwa ndi wamanga Yu. K. Ershovym, izo nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha Zochita nyimbo imachitika kuno. Ngakhale, cholinga chachikulu cha nyumbayi ayi. Amenewa anali zogonamo kwa msungichuma ndi mdindo atumiki Episcopal. Kumapeto kwa thupi anaikidwa kulandira chuma, amene ali pakhomo yake. Nyumba - ndi amakona anayi, yosanjikizana, zinakonzedwa kalembedwe kamangidwe ka nthawi. Chifukwa khonde, mu kalembedwe mamangidwe a Russia zakale, ali ndi gawo lapadera kaso tione. The anawasema ndi makoma, kuphatikizapo wolandira alendo mdindo otalikirana anasunga zojambula wokongola. Tsopano nyumba ili chionetsero owonetsera zakale wotchedwa "Pa grandfathers mwambo," chimene chimafotokoza za maholide ndipo tsiku ndi tsiku Russian anthu a nthawi imeneyo. Chachilendo ili dera la Ryazan Kremlin. Tengani nthawi kudzandichezera, ndipo chidzakhala chinachake kukumbukira kwa nthawi yaitali ndiye.