Detonation roketi injini: kudziyesa mfundo opaleshoni, ubwino

Space kufufuza ndi involuntarily kugwirizana ndi spacecraft lapansi. Mtima wa galimoto iliyonse Launch ndi injini zake. Iye ayenera kukhala woyamba dziko liwiro - za 7.9 km / m kupulumutsa chombo mu kanjira ndi danga chachiwiri, kugonjetsa munda yokoka ya dziko. Izi si zophweka, koma asayansi zonse kufunafuna njira zatsopano vutoli. Okonza la Russia anatenga sitepe patsogolo ndi anatha kukhala detonation roketi injini, amene mayesero anamalizidwa bwinobwino. Izi angatchedwe yojambula weniweni m'munda wa malo zomangamanga.

zatsopano

Chifukwa injini detonation ndi amayembekezera? Malinga ndi sayansi, mphamvu zawo zidzakhala 10 chikwi. Times kuposa mphamvu injini roketi alipo. Pankhaniyi, iwo udzanyeketsa kuli mafuta, ndi kupanga awo adzakhala kusiyanitsa mtengo wotsika ndi mtengo-chidacho. Chifukwa chiyani?

nkhani zonse mu mafuta makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita. Ngati ntchito masiku ano mivi deflagration ndondomeko - pang'onopang'ono (subsonic) kuyaka wa mafuta pa kuthamanga zonse, ndi detonation roketi injini ukugwira ntchito chifukwa kuphulika ndi, detonation wa osakaniza kuyaka. Amaotchedwa pa liwiro supersonic ndi kutulutsidwa kwa ndalama yaikulu kutentha imodzi ndi kafalitsidwe wa yoweyula mantha. Development ndi kuyezetsa wa Russian Baibulo la injini detonation anali ndawala zasayansi apadera "Detonation LRE" mkati mafakitale zovuta "Energomash".

Wamatamayo injini latsopano

Phunziro ndi chitukuko cha injini detonation zikugwira asayansi dziko kutsogolera kwa zaka 70. Chifukwa chachikulu kuteteza chilengedwe cha mtundu wa injini ndi kusalankhula mowiriza poyatsira wa mafuta. Komanso pa uchimo zinali ntchito kusanganikirana nchito ya mafuta ndi oxidizer, ndi kaphatikizidwe wa nozzle ndi mpweya wambiri. Kuthetsa mavutowa adzatha kulenga detonation roketi injini, ndipo malinga ndi specifications yake adzakhala lidzakudzidzimutseni nthawi. Pankhaniyi, asayansi kuitana madalitso amenewa:

1. Luso kukhala mu mathamangidwe subsonic ndi hypersonic osiyanasiyana.
2. Zosiyana kupanga madera ambiri kusuntha.
3. Kulemera m'munsi ndi mtengo wa amagetsi.
4. Mkulu thermodynamic dzuwa.

Malonda mtundu wa injini amapangidwa. Choyamba anawayesa otsika-zouluka ndege mu 2008. Detonation injini kwa maroketi anali woyamba kukayesedwa ndi asayansi Russian. N'chifukwa chake chochitika ichi sankalemekeza kwambiri.

Mfundo za ntchito: mosalekeza ndi pulsed

Panopa, asayansi osauka zomera ndi pulsed ndi mosalekeza mayendedwe. Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya detonation olimbana roketi ndi ntchito zimachitika dera zachokera kudzazidwa ozungulira za chipinda kuyaka osakaniza kuyaka akayaka ndiponso kutulutsidwa yotsatana katundu kuyaka mu chilengedwe. Choncho, pa mosalekeza ntchito ndondomeko ya mafuta zimalowa chipinda kuyaka mosalekeza, mafuta ndi kutenthedwa mafunde chimodzi kapena zingapo detonation amene mosalekeza zimafala kudutsa otaya lapansi. Ubwino injini amenewa ndi:

1. A umodzi mafuta poyatsira.
2. Kamangidwe osavuta.
3. Small kupimira zoikamo kulemera.
4. ntchito More nchito ya kusakaniza mafuta.
5. Mlingo wochepa wa phokoso, kugwedera ndi mpweya.

Yaitali, ntchito ubwino, madzi roketi injini detonation mosalekeza dera ntchito lidzaloŵa m'malo makhazikitsidwe onse alipo chifukwa ake kulemera ndi kukula, ndi makhalidwe mtengo.

Mayeso injini detonation

Woyamba mayeso detonation wa unsembe zoweta zinachitika mu chimango cha ntchito anakhazikitsa ndi unduna wa zamaphunziro ndi Science. Mu chitsanzo mayeso anali anagonjera ndi injini yaing'ono kuyaka chipinda awiri a 100 mamilimita ndi m'lifupi mwa njira annular ndi 5 mm. Mayesero kunachitika oikapo, atathana magawo pamene ntchito pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakaniza mafuta - hayidirojeni, mpweya, zachilengedwe gasi mpweya, propane-mpweya ndi byuteni.

Mayesero detonation olimbana roketi pa mafuta mpweya-wa hydrogen anatsimikizira kuti adzizungulira thermodynamic mwa zomera ndi 7% kothandiza kwambiri kusiyana ntchito machitidwe ena. Ndiponso, anali experimentally anatsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa aziwapatsa ukuwonjezeka mafuta, ndi cholinga, ndipo chiwerengero cha mafunde detonation ndi pafupipafupi kasinthasintha.

Anzawo m'mayiko ena

Akutukuka injini detonation ndi asayansi a m'mayiko otchuka dziko. The kupambana wamkulu mderali omwe anafika okonza ku United States. Mu zitsanzo awo, iwo zagwiridwa njira yothandizira ntchito, kapena kasinthasintha. Usilikali US akukonzekera ntchito makonda kuti zombo pamwamba. Chifukwa kulemera ang'onoang'ono ndi miyeso ochepa mphamvu mkulu chikalata iwo kuthandiza kuonjezera dzuwa la nkhondowo bwato.

Stoichiometric osakaniza hydrogen ndi mpweya ntchito American detonation roketi injini ntchito zake. Ubwino umenewu gwero mphamvu makamaka zachuma - mpweya ndi combusted mofanana ndi mmene wofunikila makutidwe ndi okosijeni a haidrojini. Tsopano Zombo Zankhondo utsi mpweya ofotokoza boma US ndi kuthera madola mabiliyoni angapo. Stoichiometric mafuta kuchepetsa ndalama ndi kangapo.

mayendedwe tsogolo ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko

Latsopano deta analandira kuchokera injini mayeso detonation, anatsimikiza mtima kugwiritsa ntchito njira nzeru machenjerero yomanga ntchito mafuta madzi. Komabe, kugwira ntchito Motors amenewa amakhala ndi mkulu kutentha kukana chifukwa wambirimbiri kutentha anamasulidwa. Mu panopa akupangidwa ❖ kuyanika wapadera, zomwe adzaonetsetsa ntchito za chipinda kuyaka pansi kukhudzana mkulu kutentha. A malo apadera mudziwe zambiri kukhazikitsidwa amatenga kuphatikiza mitu, ndipo kudzera mwa kudzakhala kotheka kupeza anakonzeratu droplet kukula kwa nkhani mafuta ndi ndende ndi zikuchokera. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha nkhani zimenezi detonation latsopano madzi roketi injini adzakhala analenga, limene lidzakhala maziko latsopano kalasi ya nthandala maroketi.