Technocracy - mwachinyengo mlandu mfundo kapena koipa mwa zitsanzo?

Philosophy of Technology zimapangitsa kutsimikizira konse zambiri pa udindo wa anzeru luso ali chitsanzo cha masiku ano. Ngakhale cha m'ma otsiriza, otchuka pakati akatswiri a chikhulupiriro cha technocracy, amene anali monga chotsatira cha patsogolo zidzasintha mu sayansi.

Thorstein Veblen ndi ntchito yake

technocracy ndi chiyani? A tanthauzo mwachidule mfundo limeneli akatswiri mphamvu, anaonekera ndipo anayamba ntchito ya Thorstein Veblen. Kwambiri monga izo zikukhudza enaake chikhalidwe cha olemba lake lotchedwa "Akatswiri ndi dongosolo la mtengo", lofalitsidwa mu 1921. Luso ndiponso sayansi akatswiri zinthu utumiki wa patsogolo makampani ndi anthu, ali pa chifundo cha zachuma ndi m'malo mabwalo akuluakulu a anthu kuti apindule. Malinga ndi maganizo a Veblen, mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi nthawi kubweretsa pamodzi akatswiri mu sayansi ndi mapangidwe malo waukulu mu ulamuliro zomveka kwa anthu. Pa nthawi imeneyo, munthu akhoza kunena kuti technocracy - lingaliro kuti ali bwino, kulankhula Veblen anapeza yankho makamaka kwa Burl, Frisch ndi ena.

Zikamera wa technocrats kayendedwe

Mu zaka makumi atatu wa mzaka zana makumi awiri mu United States, pamene anthu anali akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma, panalibe gulu, monga technocracy a. Tanthawuzo la pulogalamu yake ndi mfundo chinazikidwa pa lingaliro la limagwirira wangwiro chikhalidwe kuti kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi maganizo a Veblen. Otsatira technocracy ankalengeza kubwera zatsopano zaka, Anthu ake zosoŵa zonse ndi kukhuta, dziko limene akatswiri ndi amaphunzitsidwa maudindo kutsogolera. Iwo anapereka lamulo dera zachuma, popanda mavuto a Kugawilidwa kwanthaka moyenera chuma ndi nkhani zina.

gululi kunakopa technocrats. Panali mabungwe oposa mazana atatu analota za mafakitale ndi mapulani sayansi, applicable dziko lonse.

Technocracy mu zolemba Bernheim ndi Galbraith

Mu 1941, Dzheyms Bernhaym, ndi Katswiri ku America, lofalitsidwa ndi buku 'kwa oyang'anira utasintha. " Mu izo, iye ananena kuti technocracy - mzere weniweni ndale m'mayiko ambiri. Anaona kuti ulimi technocratic kotero amakhudza anthu, si sosholisimu abwera m'malo bizinesi ndi "anthu a ulamuliro". Control kugwirizana ndi chuma, pakalibe wina. Umwini ndi ulamuliro wa boma ndi lalikulu mabungwe ndi kulekanitsidwa. Bernheim ankakhulupirira kuti chuma ayenera a kulamulira, mwachitsanzo Ngopambana.

Mu 60-70-ntchentche ya lingaliro la technocracy anayamba kupanga ntchito za Dzhona Kenneta Galbraith ndi "chiphunzitso Economic ndi zolinga za anthu" ndi "The New Industrial State". Mu lingaliro Galbraith pamaziko maganizo "technostructure", ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana a akatswiri mu munda luso, ndi "mtumiki wa nzeru losonkhanitsidwa ndi mavutowo."

The mwachangu osauka anthu mafakitale ndi "technostructure" wayamba zofunika kwambiri pankhani ya zachuma, komanso boma pagulu. Ndi chifukwa chake mphamvu zandale ayenera anaikira pa amaphunzitsidwa amene ntchito nzeru ndi sayansi kulamulira anthu a.

Technocracy - Kodi maziko a chiphunzitso cha "anthu technotronic" ndi Zbigniew Bzhezhinskogo ndi "positi-mafakitale anthu" Deniela Bella.

Technocrat Daniel Bell

Daniel Bell - ndi Katswiri ndiponso pulofesa Harvard, amene ali technocratic masiku nzeru. Mu 60s iye anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha anthu positi-mafakitale. Iwo Bell awafotokozera masomphenya a kusintha bizinesi chifukwa cha mmene patsogolo kwa sayansi, kutembenuka ake mu dongosolo latsopano, zimene zingakhale zosiyana kwa anthu a mafakitale ndi kuti adzamasulidwa ku paradoxes ake.

Mtsutso mfundo technocratic

technocrats amaneneratu chenicheni kwa nthawi yaitali sanali chipeneko. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi nthawi atulukira zodabwitsa kuwonjezeka zokolola ndi kuwongolera mfundo ku mayiko ambiri. Pamodzi ndi njira zabwino patsogolo zamakono zachititsa kuti mtima wa zochitika zoipa zambiri kuti kuika moyo wa munthu pangozi. Kutsutsa technocracy Chiyembekezo idealized anasonyeza kusankha ntchito zaluso, womwenso ndi dystopia: "enaake 14" Karl Vonnegut, "Fahrenheit 451," Ray Bradbury "," Olimba Mtima New World "ndi Aldous Huxley," 1984 "ndi George Orwell ena. ntchito izi ndi kuopseza anthu, kudzudzula anthu opondereza a technocrats, imene gnoblenie ufulu ndi payekha kwambiri kuyambira sayansi.

Ndi tsiku kuyang'ana technocracy ndi

Today nzeru ena ankaona vuto technocracy monga mmodzi wa mwachangu kwambiri. Amene kutsutsa mfundo technocratic amakhulupirira kuti nzeru, zida ndi zolinga zoyenerera kuchita, ndi akatswiri a zamalamulo, sociological ndi lofunika kuti kutsimikizira anthu kuti technocracy - njira yopusa chitukuko.