Nzeru Cosmocentrism wakale

Cosmocentrism wakale nzeru - gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha dziko la ganizo nzeru zaumunthu, chimene chinafika pa 6 m'ma BC m'ma chimodzi AD. Kumayambiriro nzeru wakale zinali zochokera maganizo m'nthano ya dziko, amene inextricably zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ndi zochitika zake, choncho anatchedwa "thupi", kuti mwachibadwa. Cosmocentrism nzeru wakale asamalira malo monga pakatikati pa thambo, ozikidwa pa zachilengedwe mogwirizana achilengedwe.

Funso chachikulu chinali za chiyambi cha dziko - imene, ku nkhani moyo unayamba bwanji. Anzeruwo "sayansi" anapeza yankho mu zochitika zachilengedwe, ndiponso gwero la dongosolo ndi mgwirizano anaona m'chilengedwe. Mu wakale Greek mawu akuti "chilengedwe" ndi osiyana ndi mawu akuti "chisokonezo."

Ntchito yaikulu ya anzeru ake ankaganiza kuika kufufuza primordial wokhalapo, mtundu wa nkhani zimene zingathe pakati osati dziko lonse looneka komanso wololera zamoyo okhalapo.

Kuimira "mfundo yofunika" wakale Agiriki anayambitsa mawu akuti "Arche". Oimira sukulu Milesian monga iye anayang'ana pa zonse zotheka zochitika zachilengedwe: mwachitsanzo, Thales lofunika mfundo zonse wotchedwa madzi, Heraclitus - moto, Anaxagoras - dzikolo, ndipo Anaximenes - mpweya. Ndipo akuluakulu a lathu sukulu sanali chuma monga primordial mankhwala otchedwa mfundo umboni: "dao", "chizindikiro", "Eidos", "yin-yang".

A zisinthe lenileni mu nzeru za Parmenides anali nzeru, chimene "kanthu" sangaonekerenso, ndi "kukhala" zinthu zikutanthauza kuti simungathenso kukhala china chirichonse kuposa chimene iwo uli osati pa nthawi yapano. Chotero zodabwitsa komanso lomveka kufika kwa kufotokoza zinthu zopezeka pofuna m'masukulu ambiri aumunthu. Makamaka, Democritus, monga nthumwi ya malangizo a atomism ankakhulupirira kuti dziko kumapangika ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono indivisible, amene kusunthira mu achabe. M'maonekedwe ake view "kanthu" alipo - wosatsogoleredwa, imene maatomu kusuntha.

Cosmocentrism nzeru wakale ankafunanso kupeza chifukwa cha dziko mogwirizana ndi dongosolo.

Chuma nzeru ena achilengedwe ankakhulupirira kuti chifukwa lagona mu chiyanjano cha chirengedwe, mu njira thupi ndi zochitika. Madzi lapansi, mpweya, moto, maatomu - zonsezi amanyamula zachilengedwe malamulo a chilengedwe.

Idealists-rationalists ananena kuti dziko mu njira wauzimu ndi zochitika. Malingaliro zofunika kwa mzerewu nzeru za - eidos, lingaliro, chiyambi wololera, wopandamalire - Apeiron.

Komabe cosmocentrism nzeru kuyesa kuphatikiza ziwiri kwenikweni zosiyana otaya. Choncho, aliyense chiphunzitso generalizing, monga yin ndi yang mu East, sukulu Pythagorean la Greece. lingaliro zazikulu ndi izi: dziko ndi wogwirizana, chifukwa zotsutsana ndi ogwirizana, koma akamanena za mogwirizana - ndi "Kwatha zithunzi." Malinga kwa anzeru awa, kuyeretsedwa abwino, wanzeru kuzindikira chikhalidwe nawalanditsa mwauzimu.

anapezazo

Cosmocentrism nzeru wakale anaona umodzi yosiyanasiyana: dziko - ndi umene wakhala ambiri. Zonse zinthu ndi zochitika ndi inakula, motero palibe kudzidalira.

mbali khalidwe la nzeru wakale tingasonyezere mawu awa:

- Kukhala zachilengedwe, kukhala nokha, anthu ayenera kuyesetsa chikhalidwe chifukwa iye ndi wanzeru.

- labwino anayamba umunthu - moyenera, zogwirizana, zachilengedwe.

- The moyo ndi thupi ndi wokongola chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo analenga zimenezi.

- Kusangalala kukongola catharsis - kuyeretsedwa kwa mzimu, kubweretsa munthu amayesetsa kukhala bwino, iye akufuna kuti azikhala.

Oimira wotchuka ndi cosmocentrism Heraclitus, Socrates, Confucius, Plato, Democritus, Pythagoras.