Diethyl efa - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Esters wa - mankhwala m'malo a hydrogen atomu a gulu hydroxyl mu alcohols kapena phenols mpweya kwakukulu R: R1-O-R2. Diethyl efa - chilinganizo H3C-O-CH3. Pakuti lililonse Ester isomerism hydrocarbon unyolo ndi metamerism. Woyamba mtundu wa isomerism chifukwa nthambi hydrocarbon unyolo. Metamerism - mtundu wa isomerism imene awiri kapena kuposa Ester chimodzimodzi maselo chilinganizo, koma yosiyana dongosolo maselo, chifukwa ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira osiyana pa mbali zonse za mpweya "mlatho".

Diethyl efa: kupeza

Ethers asasanyika synthetically (m'chilengedwe iwo sanalembedwepo pa boma ufulu). Lithe esters angagwiritsidwe ntchito njira zingapo: ndi madzi m'thupi la alcohols ntchito zidulo mchere, alcoholates zongogwa ndi halogen alkyl. Dimethyl ndi methyl ethyl esters ndi gaseous boma, yotsatira nthumwi zochepa - njira, apamwamba - zolimba. Esters wa bwino sungunuka m'madzi koma mosavuta mu solvents organic, ndi nthumwi pafupifupi (diethyl efa, dipropyl efa, ndi propyl) - kwambiri mankhwala ndiponso. thupi katundu wa iwo amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kulemera maselo. Diethyl efa anali bwino wosanganiza ndi mafuta mowa, chloroform, benzene, efa, ndi mafuta. Pamene kuphwanya Ester zinthu yosungirako anapanga mu mankhwala zachiwawa ndi poizoni - hydroperoxides.

Diethyl efa ntchito mankhwala. Izo ntchito inhalation ochititsa dzanzi. Mtundu amakhala ndi kutchulidwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi malemeredwe sitepe (nakweza ntchito mtima, limawonjezera mtima kamvekedwe, adamulowetsa catecholamine excretion, anthu ambiri shuga mu ukuwonjezeka magazi, pyruvic acid ndi lactate, imathetsa secretory ndi galimoto ntchito pa mundawo m'mimba). Chonde kudziwa kuti ntchito mtundu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu efa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndi zambiri zofunika kusunga amphamvu chilakolako chogonana ndi galimoto ntchito. A mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri anakhudzidwa m'zigawozigawo pa thupi la munthu (minofu anasiya, analgesic ndi chomwa mankhwalawa).

Local Action Ester chidawoneka kukondoweza kwa molekezera mitsempha, umene wodwala amakhala zotsatira kuzirala. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nthawi zina ntchito mkati mota zonse chapamimba motility, ndi subcutaneous - kwa malemeredwe wa reflex kupuma ndi kusintha kufalitsidwa. awiri Inhalation Ester limakhumudwitsa Airways imene imapangitsa woyamba reflex chopinga kupuma, ndiye yambitsa ndi katulutsidwe wa zopangitsa bronchial. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kwa inhalation mankhwala ochititsa diethyl efa anamugwiritsa ntchito lapadera Russian dokotala Ni Pirogov, anayambitsa opaleshoni wakumunda, pa Crimea nkhondo (1853-1856 gg.).

Diethyl efa mosavuta chosakanikirana nembanemba mucous pa mundawo kupuma, koma ochititsa dzanzi wathunthu akubwera pasanafike ndi chloroform. Chomwa mankhwalawa zotsatira akuwonetseredwa okha inhalation wa 5-8% ethyl efa nthunzi ndi ochititsa dzanzi zonse amapezeka mkati mphindi 30 inhalation 10% ya osakaniza. Chomwa mankhwalawa zotsatira za mankhwala ndi pa ndende ya ku 110 mpaka 150 mg pa 100 ml magazi, kupuma ziwalo kumachitika pa malo a 200 mg / 100 ml magazi. Total kawopsedwe efa zonyozeka. Kudzutsidwa kwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi zikadzatha Mphindi 20-40 pambuyo kutha kwa inhalation wa efa, koma mwakale thupi akubwera maola ochepa chabe. Zoperekedwa efa kupuma thirakiti impso. Pafupifupi 50% kuchuluka okwana excreted mu thupi pankhondo yoyamba Mphindi 30-60 pambuyo mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi pa. Kuyenera ananena kuti anthu ena pa zinthu za hydrolysis wa diethyl efa akhoza isanafalikire mu triglycerides ndi lipids ena masiku angapo.