Boma ndi likulu la Republic of Altai. History, zowoneka ndi chidwi mfundo

Russia - boma ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, madera amene anapereka magawo, wapadera mawu a chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndiponso m'njira zambiri - mu mawonekedwe a ulemu ndi coexistence mtendere anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwa anthu - Respublika Altay. ndi magawo ambiri chidwi mbiri ya dera chiyani? ndi maziko a chuma chake n'chiyani? ndi makhalidwe a chikhalidwe cha Altai masiku ano?

Taganizirani za chiyambi cha kapangidwe ka boma mphamvu ya Republic. Kodi osiyana mu mfundo zitsanzo kugwira ntchito mu madera ena Russian?

Respublika Altay: dongosolo mphamvu

Boma la Republic of Altai - ndi kutanthauzira yopapatiza akuti - mmodzi wa matupi kuti apange boma la nkhani chitaganya. Ndi lamulo lalikhulu ladziko, ankaona unit ndale, mawu amene zambiri zofanana ndi chakudya zimagwiritsa za lamulo lenileni la Chitaganya cha Russia, mabungwe kiyi m'boma ukugwirira ntchito mu chimango cha kulekana kwa malamulo, mabwana nthambi milandu.

Ngati ife kumasulira kafukufuku akuti si monga mwini mphamvu, m'njira timapangira, ndiye. E. Monga kasamalidwe dongosolo ndale, mwina Dziwani kuti boma la Republic Altai ndi bungwe kugwilizana ndi mfundo yoti mphamvu kwa Federation chilli mlingo kwa oyang'anira tauni. Monga ena zigawo ambiri Russia.

Nduna yayikulu kwambiri dongosolo la ndale za makonzedwe a dera - mutu wa Republic Altai. Iye amasankhidwa ndi voti mwachindunji wa anthu. Pa yomweyo mtsogoleri wa boma (monga wolamulira wamkulu). Amakhala ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana Republic of Altai. Chachikulu malamulo thupi ndi nkhani ya chitaganya - Assembly boma. Mu chinenero cha anthu a m'dziko la Republic, ndi Altai, izo zikumveka ngati El Kurultai. Pamene Boma ili ndi mlandu kwa Assembly boma. The Supreme Court la Republic of Altai - lamilandu wachitatu nthambi ya boma.

Administrative ndi ndale unit wa ku Republic of

Administrative ndi ndale dongosolo dera 10 aumbike m'madera omwe lagawidwa mizinda yambiri, ndipo likulu la Altai. dongosolo la gulu la mphamvu zofanana kwambiri zitsanzo kasamalidwe akuyendera mayiko ena mitundu la Russia. phunziro la likulu - mzinda wa Gorno-Altaisk.

Aliyense wa mizinda yambiri kuti apange loyang'anira ndi ndale unit wa ku Republic, ali hayala yake, zomwe mokakamiza malinga ndi boma. MO chaputala amasankhidwa ndi voti mwachindunji. udzatha kwambiri ndi mfundo zokhudza MO, yemwe walunjika ndi mutu wa Utumiki wa Kumenyana ndi ulamuliro wamkulu wa unit malo. Komabe, zosinthika imene chinsinsi ndale chithunzi boma kungakhale mosavomerezeka mutu-nthumwi dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera la Shebalinsky munthu agwilitse udindo wa mkulu wa Utumiki silikhali, ndi wapampando wa bungwe la akuluakulu. Mutu wa chigawo Ayenela-Koksinsky, mu zingathandize osati lolingana thupi nthumwi, komanso akuluakulu a boma. A chitsanzo ofanana umakhala mu dera Republic Chemal.

Choncho, kapangidwe ka mphamvu zandale nkhani za chitaganya chonsecho ndi ofanana ndi chitsanzo womulera m'madera ena Russian. Choncho, kuphunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu, ife chitani kuphunzira makhalidwe dziko kapena chikhalidwe cha Republic, amene nawonso, mwanjira zambiri wapadera.

zikuchokera National

Mwa zigawo ambiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a Russia - Respublika Altay. Language akatswiri a zinenero zamakolo amatchula gulu Turkic. Iye, pamodzi ndi Russian, - mmodzi wa nduna ziwiri Federation lapansi. Mu Republic of Altai anthu - za 31% ya anthu. Ambiri, pafupifupi 60% ali Russian. Appreciable chiwerengero Chikazaki anthu - 6%. Komanso, ambiri Ukrainians mitundu ndi Germany okhala pa dziko lino.

Altai - anthu zakwawoko wa Republic

History of the Republic of Altai ndi chidwi makamaka ku mawonedwe a chitukuko cha zamakolo fuko. Magawo yaikulu ya ethnogenesis wa Altai, komanso kulankhulana awo moyo ndi chikhalidwe ndi anthu ena. Ndipotu, Altai - ndi dzina gulu la mafuko angapo kulankhula Turkic zinenero. Yaikulu mtundu - ndi Teleuts, Tubalars, Urynkhay, Shor, Telengits ndi mfunda otchedwa chimodzimodzi monga mutu wa Republic - Altai, koma zosiyana ndi anthu ena okhudzana nalo. Pali oposa zana magulu kum'mwera mitundu, wotchedwa Seok. Wake anatsimikiza, monga ulamuliro, anthu banja mtengo. Altai kulankhula zinenero zina zambiri zosiyana. Chilankhulo cha zamakolo fuko la Republic wa Chikigizi-kypchayskoy subgroup wa Turkic m'zilembo.

Magwero a Altai

Ethnogenesis Altaians imasiyana malingana dera. mitundu kumpoto akukhala Republic, panali mafuko anakumana Samoyed, Ugric, Turkic, ndi Ket chiyambi. Ana a magulu awa mitundu amaonedwa Tubalars. Nawonso kum'mwera anali zimachitika pakati pa Turkic ndi Mongol mafuko. Choncho panali Mwachitsanzo, ndi Telengits Teleuts. Chifukwa chakuti Altai anthu a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera inayamba osiyana, ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maulendo lalikulu zoyendera njira mwagwirizana si mbali mu kukhudzana kwa nthawi yaitali pakati pa anakhalabe kusiyana kwambiri mu chinenero, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe mbali. Mu Soviet Union kunali kuphatikiza Amowabu wa fuko.

Komabe, monga taonera ndi ofufuza ena, ambiri Altai kwenikweni kuzindikira okha osati monga nzika za dera ndi mtundu titular, koma ngati ndiwe wa makamaka mtundu gulu, mtundu kapena seok. Chachiwiri, ethnographers, chofunika kwambiri muyezo - chinenero, komanso miyambo banja ndi chipembedzo, makolo dziko. Komanso ofufuza kudziwa kuti Altai zofunika Hrs chinthu, T. E. Malo okhala ndi khalidwe makamaka chilengedwe nawo pa iye.

chikhalidwe Contemporary anthu zamakolo

njira kalikiliki kuwalitsa kukula umodzi adzadziwire dziko Altai anthu chiyambi osiyana chibadwa, zinachitika mu 80 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Kwenikweni, zikuchikazi, monga ofufuza ena amakhulupirira, makamaka anakonzeratu kulengeza mfundo mu 1991 ndi akuluakulu a nkhani za ulamuliro boma pa malire womwe ku Republic amakono a Altai Mountains. Ndinalandira udindo boma la chinenero cha ethnos zakwawoko. Iwo anali legislated atchuthi monga Mwachitsanzo, wodzilamulira Day, kumakumbukulidwa pa July 3 kapena wowerengeka chikondwerero E-Oiyn. bungwe la akulu a mafuko, kapena zaisans - Pa njira, kuganizira kukula kwa dziko chikumbumtima Altai, mmodzi wa chinsinsi mabungwe mbiri chikhalidwe cha anthu anabwezeretsedwa. Tsopano udindo wawo mu Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe wa Republic idavoteledwa ngati zofunika kwambiri, supplementing mphamvu boma dongosolo.

Mosalephera mu chitukuko cha Altai fuko zatenga njira kusamuka. Panyengo zosiyanasiyana mbiri ya anthu zamakolo za anthu a dera anali kukusa pakati pa mapiri ndi kumveka. Ngati zaka chitukuko Soviet, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, anthu zakwawoko akhoza zimangokhala kusamuka kwa mapiri, koma tsopano ethnos amayamba kuzindikira okha monga mbali ya anthu wamba, okhala m'mizinda ili pa zigwa. A mbali yofunika m'dera limeneli akuchita likulu la Republic - makamaka chifukwa, pambuyo nthawi zovuta 90 kuno anakhalabe kwambiri kapena zochepa chofunika, kuchokera mfundo zachuma maganizo, zinthu zofunikira.

Altai ndi Russian

Mbiri ya Republic Altai ndi chidwi mu mbali ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa anthu ameneŵa ndi Russian. Onse mafuko azikhala m'dera wamba, mwamwambo kuchirikiza mtendere m'banjalo. Zachikhalidwe cha Republic of zimalimbikitsa ngati khalidwe mtundu wa ntchito, ndi zikondwerero Russian. Ena mwa zikondwerero za anthu osiyanasiyana ndi pafupi chikhalidwe kuyandikana. Mwachitsanzo, holide dziko Dyylgayak ofanana kwambiri ku Russian Maslenitsa.

Monga ofufuza za onani, mgwirizano yogwira ndi Russian Altai anthu anayamba m'nthawi ya 17. Pankhaniyi, chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 18 mbali yaikulu ya dera la Republic makono mbali ya Jungar khanate, umene Russian Ufumu, ubwenzi sanali ochezeka kwambiri. chochitika ichi chinali, ngati mbiri yakale amakhulupirira, chotchinga kwambiri kwa ojambula nanu Russian magulu zamakolo mitundu derali. Komabe, Altai ankakhala osati zinthu zabwino kwambiri za ndale komanso. Iwo anali atazunguliridwa ndi mafuko ambiri ankhanza Mongolian ndi Chinese. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, a Altai Zaisan - pamene mthupi mwawo mu dera dziko anali pafupi kukhala ndi olamulira Russian - mfumuyo inamufunsa za nzika. Choncho, May 2, 1756, m'dera Altai mbali ya Russian Ufumu. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa, magulu m'maderawa zamakolo mafuko amene amafika kucheza ndi muno Russian. Anthu a m'mbali za Ulaya za Ufumu, kusamukira kudera latsopano, anakopeka, malinga ndi ofufuza za, chiyembekezo cha chitukuko olimapo. Pamodzi ndi atsamunda adadza kwa ansembe Altai Russian Orthodox amene ankachita umishonale.

Chitsanzo chimodzi cha mgwirizano wa anthu Russian ndi zakwawoko a m'dera tinganene kuti ngati fuko la Republic of Altai. Iye ndi wapadera kuti zikufotokozedwa mu Mabaibulo awiri - chiyankhulo cha Amalawi ndi Russian. Komabe, ndime yachiwiri kwalembedwa okha Altai. Mwalamulo, nyimbo ya Republic of Altai Analeredwa ndi Posachedwapa, mu 2001. Nyimbo dziko lawo, ofufuza akukhulupirira, zimadalira zimasonyeza kufunika ndi mphamvu ya ubwenzi zaka zakubadwa pakati pa anthu awiri mtendere wawo ukhale ndi wochezeka co-alipo, komanso chiyembekezo kwa pofuna ya Republic Altai mu mawu umoyo ndale ndi chikhalidwe.

likulu

Kodi chidwi za likulu la Republic Altai? Taganizirani mfundo zazikulu. Gorno-Altaisk lili kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa Republic, pa dera la boma Mayminsky District. anthu a mumzindawo - anthu oposa 61 zikwi .. Mbiri boma cha Gorno-Altaisk, monga ofufuza ena amakhulupirira, ikuchitika kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 19. Pa nthawi, malo tsogolo la likulu anali kuthetsa yaing'ono linakhazikitsidwa ndi limodzi mwa magulu m'maderawa zamakolo mitundu, Teleuts. Komabe, akatswiriwa anatsimikizira mudziwe kuti Gorno-Altaisk m'dera anthu ankakhala kuchokera kalelo.

Mwakhama kufufuza likulu tsogolo la Republic Altai anali 20 ntchentche za zana la 19. Makamaka mu 1824 apa n'kuyamba m'dziko Biysk. Iwo anakhazikitsa mudzi, dzina pa imodzi mwa zinenero zikumveka ngati Ulala. Iwo anakhala mbali ya Biysk County m'chigawo Tomsk. chitukuko cha kumudzi, malinga ndi azambiriyakale, anali makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito za Mission Altai Uzimu. M'zaka posleduschego Ulala amalonda n'kuyamba, ndiye mudzi anakhala malo ofunika kwambiri ochitirapo malonda Bijskogo County.

Mu 1917 panali kusintha, ndipo Asovieti anayamba kulamulira. Anaganiza kupanga malo m'mudzi inali Ulala, Biisk ndi ena angapo ili m'chigawo midzi anthu, komanso Oirot Autonomous Region. Mu 1922, Ulala anakhala likulu lake utsogoleri, ndipo mu 1928 m'tawuni anapatsidwa mwayi wokhala mumzinda. Mu 1932 izo anadzatchedwa ndi Oirot ulendo. Mu 1948 Oirot yoyenda yokha dera, anaganiza Sinthani dzina la Gorno-Altaisk. Izi zidasintha dzina lake ndi likulu. Popeza amatchedwa Gorno-Altaisk.

Gorno-Altaisk: zachuma

Taganizirani likulu la Republic Altai ndi bungwe mu mawu a zachuma. Mu nthawi ya Soviet, Gorno-Altaisk anakhala wamphamvu mafakitale pakati. Iwo linaikidwa pa ogwira ntchito mafakitale osiyana kwambiri - zomangamanga, makina zomanga, zitsulo, chakudya, kusindikiza. Unathandizira mipando ndi nsalu mafakitale. Komabe, pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR zambiri za kupanga Anatseka. Mmodzi wa ochepa amene tsopano kusewera mbali yofunika chuma mzindawu ndipo kumakhala kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha Republic Altai - mankhwala konkire zomera.

Tsopano cholinga mu pakuika nkhani zachuma a mzinda aikidwa pa malonda zokopa alendo. Republic of Altai chikhalidwe kale zoona, izo zikugwirizana chitukuko angapo. Izi zimapangitsa dera wokongola kopita m'munda wa ethno-zokopa alendo. Pali chitukuko yogwira zofunikira zoyenera zofunika gulu la misonkhano bongo. Mangani Map, odyera, malo olimba lotseguka.

zokopa alendo

Chimodzi mwa zinthu chifungulo cha mzinda - thirakiti Elanda, yomwe ili kutali na Gorno-Altaisk. Pali analenga zosangalatsa lalikulu. Pali zolinga kumanga ski achisangalalo, zofunikira pa masewera Kukwera Akavalo, wosiyana ndi masewera yozizira. Njira zokhudza kusintha kwa dera la ku malo alendo, ali kale zotsatira ololera. Pali umboni, mwachitsanzo, kuti kuyambira 2010 wakhala Kuwonjezeka otaya alendo. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mu vuto chuma chomwe amakhalabe Russia, Respublika Altay amatha ndithu kuyamba kukopa alendo amene anazolowera mtengo yozizira pogwiritsa ena Russian madera komanso kumayiko ena.

Altai - malo apadera, ndipo mwa mawu a malo ndi mawu a zaka chitukuko interpenetration m'zipembedzo, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo dziko. anthu ambiri amene anapita apa, onani ubale wapadera wa anthu a m'dziko ndi chikhalidwe - ndi lingaliro la mogwirizana ndi kuzungulira dziko Altaians mwanjira kutsindikiza kupatsira ena, ndi magulu awo oyandikana mitundu, kuphatikizapo alendo. Republic of Altai Mountains, ngakhale mlingo kwambiri za mafakitale mu nthawi Union, ali m'madera ambiri amene si katswiri mwa munthu. Kumeneko, mu malo oyera, ankakhala ku mzinda wamakono Russian ndi kuyiwala za nkhani kukanikiza, kupuma ku mzinda wotukuka ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti. Bwerani ku Mountain Altai!