Dziko malo ndalama - ndi ... angati malo ndalama mu dziko?

Si chinsinsi kuti masiku ano, ndalama ali ndi tanthauzo waukulu. Kodi chikuchitika ndi chuma cha Russia mwachindunji zokhudzana osati mtengo wa mafuta, zinthu ku Ukraine, komanso ndi msika chuma. Dziko malo ndalama - ndi choyamba, ena raft, limene Russia kuti penapake otetezeka. ruble The wakhala ankaona si wolimba kwambiri, koma iye anatenga malo choyenera mu msika chuma. Mwatsoka, chifukwa chakuti ruble dziko lonse posachedwapa khalidwe chosadziwika kwambiri, ambiri asankha kusunga ndalama ndi dziko malo ndalama. Kodi mtundu wa ndalama akhoza moyenerera ankaona ngati? Ndipotu, mu msika ndalama zosiyanasiyana mayunitsi ndalama chimene tinganene kuti kukhala odalirika. Kodi mu ndalama dziko malo ndi chifukwa iwo anasankhidwa kukhala mtundu wa anthu "ofuna"?

Kodi malo ndalama?

Modern ntchito anthu pansi mfundo malo ndalama padziko lonse amadziwa unit ndalama yomwe inkafuna mabanki m'maboma ena kwa chilengedwe cha nkhokwe zina ndalama. Choyamba, izo ntchito monga chida cha malonda pakati pa maiko. Ntchito udindo wa chuma padziko lonse, kukhazikitsa ubale pakati pa ndalama ziwiri kutsogolera. Nthawi zambiri mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito potanthauza ndalama pa midzi banki ndi mabungwe ena. Poyamba, zimenezi ntchito ndalama zochokera golide ndi mafuta misika, ndipo potero kudziwa phindu la chuma. Lero iwo ali makamaka ntchito kudzikundikira nkhokwe kuwombola zakunja, komanso patsogolo mwayi katundu kupikisana ndi kufooketsa ndalama zake.

Dziko malo ndalama - mtundu wa "khushoni chitetezo" likhoza kusakhazikika kwa zachuma. Koma poyamba ndi Dziwani kuti nkhokwe ngati ndalama amatumikira monga ukonde chitetezo nkhani ya mavuto azachuma. Si chinsinsi kuti kufooka kwa ndalama ya dziko, amalimbikitsa dziko malo ndalama. Kodi kwenikweni - tiganizire moposera.

Ndi angati malo ndalama mu dziko?

Iwo akhala ankadziwikanso kuti malo ndalama akhoza kukhala mwamtheradi ndalama iliyonse. Kuti tichite zimenezi, basi ayenera kukhazikika chuma m'dziko ake, komanso kusapezeka kwa kusintha ndi zodabwitsa zina. Koma ngakhale ndalama ndi khola, nawo malonda dziko ndipo ali ndi msika chuma, sizitanthauza kuti ali ndi udindo wa gulu malo. Ndipotu udindo uwu kupeza ndalama pokhapokha mabanki kutsogolera mayiko ena ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito iwo chifukwa chitetezo cha m'matangadza zawo. Choncho likukhalira kuti dziko malo ndalama - unit ndalama zomwe kuchita ntchito ya anali wofunika ndalama. Panopa, malo ndalama amaonedwa kukhala ndalama zambiri kuposa wina. Choyamba, ndi, ndithudi, dollar US (USD) ndipo monga wamba European ndalama Yuro (EUR), yen Japanese (JPY), British mapaundi (GBP), Swiss Franc (CHF), komanso anthu ena angapo. Ndi ndalama zimenezi ndi katundu wa limati kwambiri.

Reserve Chodikanira Kwacha (USD)

Dola anabwerera mu 1861. Ndiye, pa pempho la Congress anasindikizidwa pafupifupi miliyoni 57 banknotes. Ngakhale tsiku lanuli kubadwa kwa dola ndi amaona kuti 6 July 1785. Tsiku limenelo inali yololedwa mwalamulo. Akukhulupirira kuti dola - dziko malo ndalama №1. Ndithudi, khumi zapitazi, oposa 50% ya okwana nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo ya mayiko onse a dziko anali okwana ndendende mu unit ndalama. Chifukwa dollar ndi lonse Pamudzi ndi kusunga ndalama? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, muyenera kutitimira ochepa mu mbiri.

Pamene zotsatira za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World kale chitakonzedwa, zinadziwika kuti kunali koyenera kukhwimitsa kwambiri. Choncho, pa Congress lotsatira mtengo umodzi wa 1 nusu mafuta kuchuluka kwa $ 35 Analeredwa. Ndipo kuti mayiko ambiri anazindikira dollar US monga Pamudzi ndi umodzi ndi kusunga ndalama. Monga mukudziwa, panthawi ya nkhondo, chuma America wavutika wamng'ono, ndi nkhokwe za golide wa United States zakhala zoopsa. Komanso, United States ali ndi bizinesi. Ichi chinali chifukwa makamaka chakuti pa msika malonda mayiko zambiri mukufuna kupeza phindu. Zimenezi zimathandiza osati United States ngati mtsogoleri pa dziko msika, komanso kulimbikitsa chuma dziko lonse. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pa nthawi maiko anayenera ngakhale pang'ono chinkhoswe mu katundu, chifukwa njira imeneyi zimathandiza kudziunjikira golide ndi ndalama. Choncho zinachitikadi kuti United States chinkhoswe mu katundu wa ndalama zawo, ndi amene analandira udindo wa maiko khola kwambiri, ndi dollar watenga malo kutsogolera ndi udindo waukulu.

Yuro (EUR) monga ndalama malo dziko

Mbiri ya ndalama izi ali chiyambi chake mu 1995. Inali nthawi chaka chino mu EU Madrid anaganiza "tikabatize" tsogolo wamba ndalama khumi limati - "yuro". Pamene kukula kwa ntchito ya ndalama European inayamba mu 1979. Mfundo imeneyi inalidi odzitukumula. Ndipotu, pamaso zoyesayesa zonse kulenga mtundu wina wa mgwirizano zachuma inatha zotsatira zake zinali zoopsa. Komanso dola, yuro ali thandizo lalikulu la mayiko ena, zomwe zimapereka mpata kuti akhale ndalama kutsogolera mapangidwe mitengo kuwombola. Koma kuti anthu a European Union amathandiza ndalama, ndipo kungasokoneze kugwirizana ndi chitukuko spasmodic wa limati izi. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti posachedwapa chifukwa chakuti internationalization ya yuro andipatsa kutsogolera mapangidwe dongosolo ochititsa kuti dziko ndalama, mphamvu dollar iye adzakhala malo ndi madera osiyana. yuro zikuoneka kuti akhalebe mu Central ndi Eastern Europe, ndi dola adzakulamulira mu South ndi Asia East, ndi Latin America. Koma lero, tikhoza kunena kuti kwambiri awiri kwambiri padziko lonse malo ndalama.

Japanese Yen (JPY) - Pomaliza

Poyambirira, ndi yen Japanese anali mmodzi wa ndalama amphamvu kwambiri yothawirako. Koma kutchuka kwake tinkachionera utachepa pa zaka zingapo zapitazi. Ndipo lero, ndalama uli ndi malo wachitatu mu msika chuma. Yen analengedwa mu 1871, koma kufanana kwa izo, panali ena golide, siliva ndi pepala ndalama. Chabwino, mutu wa mayiko anabwera May 11, 1953, chimodzimodzi pamene International Monetary Fund mwalamulo malumikizanidwe ake ndi golide wolemera 2.5 milligram.

Kumene, kuchuluka kwa mu msika lero ndalama kwambiri wolephera dollar kutsogolera ndi yuro. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti yen Japanese kutenga malo wachitatu mwa ndalama malo dziko. Izi ndi zosiyana kwa ndalama ya mpikisano mkulu zokwanira wotchi liquidity lonse. Ndipo ngakhale malo ake atsogoleri, yen ndi yofunika m'misika chuma padziko lonse.

Global Chodikanira mapaundi chabwino (GBP)

Mapaundi chabwino - mwachilungamo ankagulitsa ndalama mu dziko. N'chifukwa chake pamafunika malo chachinayi mu mawu a chidaliro cha anthu a padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "mapaundi chabwino" inatuluka mu 1694. Ndipo mu nthawi kuchokera 1821 mpaka 1914, ndi ndalama izi ankaona waukulu malo ndalama mu msika chuma. Mwatsoka, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, United Kingdom ali kwambiri wofooka. Iwo anapereka United States mwayi wokhala mtsogoleri nzeru zina, ndi dola m'malo mapaundi chabwino.

Kubwera kwa yuro m'misika ndalama nayenso kunathandiza kwambiri ndalama. Ndipotu, pamaso pa chisankho EU anapangidwa kulenga limodzi European ndalama zawo, ndipo mapaundi anapindula onse a mbiri pa chiyerekezo cha mtengo kuwombola. Ndipo ngati zotsatira za referendum mu UK zinali zosangalatsa, ndi mapaundi kuti agwirizana yuro mu 2000. Msika lonse pafupifupi 14% tichipeza mapaundi. Ndipo ili ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Khola CHF (CHF)

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa ndalama iyi anayamba kulankhula mu 1850. Pa mtengo wake nkhope ndalama izi ukugwira kwa Franc French. The mwayi waukulu kuwombola izi kuti pafupifupi khola kwambiri mu dziko. Mu mbiri ya devaluation a Franc izo zinalembedwa nthawi ochepa. Chifukwa ichi ali mkulu mlingo wa kukhulupirira mwa nzika za dziko.

Anatinso kwa Franc Swiss anatchula ndalama za mabacteria otsika-msonkho ndi ziro kufufuma. Monga malo ndalama, mizu malo chachinayi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti ndalama yekha kuti sikuphatikizidwa mu EU ndi "Big asanu ndi awiri" wa dziko, ndi cholowa pafupifupi silituluka pamwamba 0,3%, ndi chifukwa chake "wosatha" bata, iwo agonje malo ake mu msika lonse . Ngakhale oyamba a European limodzi mosalekeza ndalama ndi unmodified, ndi Franc Swiss kwambiri kusiya.

The Russian ruble ndi n'chokwana monga ndalama malo

Dziko lonse malo ndalama lero anatenga malo ake oyenera. Ndipo ngati zaka zingapo zapitazo, mu 2007, boma la Chitaganya cha Russia ananena kuti ruble bwinobwino kulowa wolowa dziko, pambuyo mavuto onse odziwa chakhala kovuta. N'chifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri anaona kuti ruble posachedwapa sadzatha kutenga malo pakati pa ndalama otetezeka-malo.

Yemweyo, mfundo, sitinganene za n'chokwana Chinese. Dziko malo ndalama, monga amadziwika, ayenera kukhala "anapereka luso utsogoleri." Lero, China akuchita chirichonse kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama zake dziko analimbitsa ndipo ndinakulira. Ndipo, malinga ndi akatswiri, ichi ndi wokongola bwino. Ndipotu, malinga ndi kafukufuku cha 2014, izi ndi ndalama wakhala mmodzi wa 10 mwachangu ankagulitsa patsogolo ndi 22 "mdani" mu zaka zitatu zapitazi. pa ntchito zikawonongeka msika komanso zaposachedwapa, kodi chilili, ndipo tsopano kumapeto kwa March 2014, Germany walola ndi China pa mgwirizano mu kudula, komanso kuwerengetsera mu n'chokwana. Komanso, Hong Kong Stock Kusinthanitsa ndi Shanghai anatsegula njira ya mtanda malonda, kwambiri kuchuluka nkhokwe za golide China, ndi 40 mabanki mayiko anapanga ndalama ku unit Chinese ndalama. Zonsezi kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mu zaka pang'ono n'chokwana adzatenga kunyada kwa malo monga mtsogoleri №1 malo ndalama mu dziko.

Mapa cha 2015

N'zovuta ingoganizani adzakhala dongosolo lonse ndalama mu zaka kudza. Mogwirizana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha kufooka lakuthwa mu mitengo mafuta, kuganiza kuti dziko chuma akuyembekezera, ndi kovuta. Ruble analephera, koma lero Russia pamodzi ndi China akuchita changu ake kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ndalama US pa misika chuma dziko. Ndipo ziribe kanthu momwe izo zikumveka chisoni kwa United States, koma n'chokwana, Mulimonsemo, kuonetsetsa tsogolo malo ndalama. Pambuyo akulankhula za izo, osati akatswiri komanso deta phunziro la dziko misika kuwombola yachilendo m'zaka zingapo zapitazi. Lakumwamba akhala anatsimikizira kuyenera yake mphamvu yaikulu malonda ndi amagulitsa amphamvu ndi chuma yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti patapita zaka 10, n'chokwana adzakhala kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Komanso, China wakhala akupanga njira chikhulupiriro kwa izi. Monga mukudziwa, dziko malo ndalama - ndalama za maiko zakhala zovuta!