Ndi angati inatenga zaka mazana nkhondo?

Malinga ndi mwambo mbiri, wa zaka handiredi nkhondo pakati England ndi France - mndandanda wa nkhondo motsatizana, omwe unakhala kuchokera 1337 mpaka 1453.

Iwo inatha pa October 19, 1453 agonje wa asilikali British pa Bordeaux ndi kusiya Calais, otsiriza English cholowa France.

Prerequisites mikangano nthawi yonseyi, monga zaka mazana nkhondo unatha, anali kutali kale, ngakhale mu ulamuliro wa William Mgonjetsi. Pamene Norman Duke William mu 1066 pambuyo athana Nkhondo ya Hastings anakhala Mfumu yatsopano ya England, iye anayamba England ndi dukedom Normandy, ndi ku France.

Pamene Henry II Plantagenet m'mayiko wachokera ku England, France, wakulitsidwa, koma mafumu amene anabwera pambuyo pake, nawapeza waukulu komanso unmanageably.

Ndi 1327, Britain unachitikira ku France, m'madera awiri - Aquitaine ndi Ponthieu.

Pamene otsiriza a mafumu French ku Capetian mafumu Charles IV anafa Nice mu 1328, wapafupi mwamuna wachibale anali mphwake Edward III English (mayi ake anali mlongo wake wa Isabella mwana wamkazi wa Charles ndi Philip IV Fair).

Anthu otchuka French ankafunanso kuonetsetsa kuti mpando wachifumu wotanganidwa Philip wa Valois mtundu (monga Korol Filipp VI), osati chifukwa ufulu Edward kwa korona French adutsa pansi kupyolera mu mzere wamkazi. Choyamba, iye anali munthu wa ku England, ndiye -nepodhodyaschim Woyesana. Edward III, ndi iye, anakwiya zaka fifitini, koma ine sindikanakhoza kuchita chilichonse.

Mu 1337, Philip ngati chilango cha zimene Edward ofuna msuweni ndi mdani wa Philip Robert d'Artois, adamfunsa adzabwerenso Aquitaine. Edward poyankha kukakamiza yekha korona wa France pa malamulo a chiyambi, analengeza nkhondo pa Philip.

Udindo wa Flanders anathandiza zonena za British mu nthawi pamene zaka mazana nkhondo unatha, chifukwa chodzikonda - pakati England ndi Flanders ikuchitika matanthauzo opindulitsa malonda ndi ubweya nsalu. The Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani wa Brittany ndi Normandy, ali teamed ndi British adawopa zokhumba za anthu amene ankafuna kuti akonze amphamvu centralized ufumu wa France.

Mu 1340, Edward mwalamulo ankaganiza mutu wa "Mfumu ya France ndi French achifumu odula manja." olemba mbiri amakono ndi kutsutsana ngati ankakhulupirira kuti iye akanakhoza kutenga mpando wachifumu wa France. Koma chirichonse chimene Baibulo likunena kapena ziyembekezo, izo n'kumupatsa levers zofunika timakhala ndi Filipo. Zikomo polojekiti, iye akanakhoza zoyambitsa mavuto kuposa wina, kulimbikitsa chosakhutitsidwa anthu French kusankha mfumu m'malo Filipo, kuti ntchito monga chida champhamvu mu zokambirana akupereka kusiya lalikulu zokambirana Kupititsa kwa France chosinthana korona.

Pa ambiri inatenga zaka mazana nkhondo ya English anapambana chigonjetso wanzeru pa Nkhondo ya Crecy mu 1346, ku Poitiers mu 1356, a Agincourt mu 1415. ola abwino England anabwera pamene Henry V anatenga ulamuliro wa Paris, Normandy, ambiri a kumpoto France. Iye anakwatira mwana wa Charles VI ya misala Ekaterine Valua kukhonda mfumu French kum'dziwa monga regent la France ndi wolowa wachifumu French.

Mu 1422, Charles ndi Henry anafa. Eyiti Dauphin la France mu 1429 chisoti chachifumu Charles VII, Joan waku Arc ouziridwa kugonjetsa Chingerezi.

Henry VI anali yekhayo English mfumu, ndithu korona ngati Mfumu ya France pa zaka khumi mu Paris mu 1431. Koma gawo pang'onopang'ono wodziimira payekha mbali ina ya Channel, kusiya ulamuliro British.

Mu 1436, ku French Aquitaine anasefukira ndipo anatenga Bordeaux, amene anali mu manja British kwa zaka mazana atatu, ndi pakatikati pa ukuyenda malonda vinyo. Nzika deputation anafika ku England mu 1452, kupempha thandizo kwa Henry VI.

mikangano onse ankhondo ngati zaka mazana nkhondo unatha, unachitikira ku France. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti anthu onse m'dzikomo nthawi imeneyi anatsika ndi theka.

Mphamvu ya amuna pafupifupi 3000 pansi pa lamulo Dzhona Talbota, Earl wa Shrewsbury, anasamukira ku France. Talbot anali wokhoza kuti ayambenso zambiri Aquitaine kumadzulo, koma July 1453 asilikali French agonjetsedwa ndi English pa Castillon, ndi Talbot, mtsogoleri kwambiri, woyamikiridwa ndi France ndi Britain, anali ataphedwa.

Pamene zinadziwika kuti sanalinso kufika palibe thandizo ku England, Bordeaux wodzipereka October, m'pamene mapeto a nkhondo. Zaka zingati wa zaka handiredi nkhondo inatenga okwana? Limafotokoza za nthawi ya zaka 116 (kuchokera 1337 mpaka 1453) ndi zambiri kapena zochepa yaitali zosokoneza. Ngakhale pakhala nkhondo zofunika kuyambira 1453, mwalamulo zaka mazana nkhondo itatha August 29, 1475 kusaina pangano mtendere mu Pikine pakati pa Mfumu Louis XI la France ndi Mfumu ya England , Edward IV.