Economy la Korea North: ofotokoza ndi chidwi mfundo

Boma DPRK ananena kuti m'dziko lawo paradaiso weniweni: tonse kukondwa, wotetezedwa ndi chidaliro ponena za m'tsogolo. Koma othawa ku Korea North kufotokoza zenizeni osiyana, dziko limene ndiyenera kukhala sangakwanitse anthu, popanda cholinga ndi kusankha. chuma Korea North kwa nthawi yaitali pa mavuto. Buku limene Adzaperekedwa mbali ya chitukuko chuma dziko.

mbali

The North Korea chuma ndi zinthu zitatu chosiyana. Choyamba, izo zimatanthauza kuti ngati imene chuma centralized kugawa. Izi mtundu wa chuma otchedwa chizolowezi. Chachiwiri, chuma ntchito kutsutsa kumuopseza zotheka kuti akhoza kuwononga umphumphu wa dziko. ntchito amenewa amatchedwa yolimbikitsa chuma. Ndipo chachitatu, motsogozedwa ndi mfundo za sosholizimu, ndiko kuti, mwachilungamo.

Kuyambira lero likukhalira kuti chuma cha Korea North - ndi anakonza yolimbikitsa chuma cha dziko zokomera. boma ndi ambiri anatsekedwa dziko, komanso 60 ntchentche wa DPRK Sali kugawana nawo ziwerengero zachuma ndi mayiko ena, ndiye zomwe zimachitika kunja malire ake, tikhoza ndikulingalira.

Dziko alibe nyengo yabwino kwambiri, choncho pali kusowa kwa chakudya. Malinga ndi akatswiri, okhala ndi osauka, kokha mu 2000, njala watha kukhala ndi vuto kwambiri m'dziko. Pamene chaka cha 2011 Korea North ndi pa malo 197th m'dziko mawu a mphamvu kugula.

Chifukwa malamulo a nkhondo ndi mtundu ndi zomwe boma mfundo za chuma Kim Il Sung kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe mu doldrums lapansi. Only ndi kubera Kim Jong-li- kuyamba msika zochokera kusintha latsopano naukitsa muyezo wa amoyo, koma zinthu oyamba.

Chuma cha nthawi unawonongedwa

Mu theka lachiwiri la 20 ntchentche za m'ma XX, Korea chinayamba madipoziti mchere kumpoto kwa dziko, amene anali chifukwa kuchuluka kwa anthu. Iwo anasiya pakutha pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Korea ndiye kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kum'mwera anali ceded ku United States ndi North anabwera ulamuliro wa Soviet Union. Chigawo ichi ali chikwiyire ndi vutoli wa zachilengedwe ndi anthu chuma. Choncho, kumpoto lolunjika angathe wamphamvu mafakitale, ndi kumwera - chochuluka mukadzayamba ntchito.

Pambuyo mapangidwe DPRK ndi kumalizidwa nkhondo ya ku Korea (1950-1953) chuma cha Korea North anayamba kusintha. Izo zinali zoletsedwa kuchita zinthu entrepreneurial, nafika ntchito dongosolo khadi. Kunali kosatheka kuti kugulitsa mbewu m'misika, ndi misika okha akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri.

Mu 70 akuluakulu a boma anayamba kuchita malamulo a wamakono zachuma. Makampani olemera, umisiri watsopano kuyamba. Dziko anayamba kupereka kwa dziko msika wa mchere ndi mafuta. Mu 1979, Korea North kale akhoza kuphimba mangawa ake akunja. Koma kusakhulupirika inayamba mu 1980 mu dziko.

makumi awiri zamavuto

Economy la Korea North Mwachidule, ndi wolephera. Kufunika kwa mankhwala ali utachepa kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha mavuto mafuta a dziko dipo. Mu 1986 ngongole kunja kwa mayiko ogwirizana anali oposa 3 biliyoni madola, ndi 2000 oposa biliyoni 11 ngongole. The otsetsereka a kutukula mtima wa makampani olemera ndi luso nkhondo, ndi kudzipatula dziko ndi kusowa kwa ndalama akhala zinthu zimene zingawalepheretse vuto la zachuma.

Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, mu TH 82, anaganiza kuti akonze chuma latsopano, maziko amene anali kukhala chitukuko cha ulimi ndi zomangamanga (makamaka mphamvu). zaka 2 patapita linakhazikitsa lamulo pa mabizinezi gulu, amene anathandiza kukopa ndalama zakunja. 1991 zinali zodzaza ndi chilengedwe cha woyendera nthambi wapadera zachuma. Ngakhale movutikira, koma ndalama ya unaturuka kumeneko.

Malingaliro a Juche

amadza makamaka pa vuto la zachuma a boma anali Juche mfundo. mtundu uwu mfundo mogwirizana, MarxismLeninism ndi Maoism. kamba Aika zokhudza chuma, anali motere:

• Kukwera - ndi njira kukwaniritsa Kudzidalira;
• kuchita kanthu zikutanthauza kuti ndisiye ndale;
• kutetezela boma ayenera ingathandize anthu onse, kuti dziko chasanduka mu malo otetezedwa bwino;
• zinthu zolondola pa zisinthe amachokera kumverera kukhulupirika chinawathandiza kuti mtsogoleri.

Ndipotu izi n'zimene amasunga chuma cha Korea North. Zambiri za chuma umalimbana chitukuko cha asilikali, nakhala ndalama ndi sadzachitanso zokwanira kupulumutsa anthu asafe ndi njala. Ndipo mu chikhalidwe ichi, kupanduka, palibe amene adzatero.

Vuto la 90s ndi

Pambuyo Cold nkhondo, Soviet Union unatha kuthandiza Korea North. chuma dziko watha kuti kusintha ndipo sanali kumusamalira. Korea idaleka kupereka thandizo ndi China, ndi osakaniza ndi masoka achilengedwe akutsogolera chakuti njala mu dzikoli. Malinga ndi akatswiri, njala waphetsa anthu 600 sauzande. Kamodzi pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa bwino dongosolo analephera. Kuchuluka chakudya kuchepa, mavuto mphamvu kunayambika chifukwa - kusiya m'mafakitale ambiri.

Chuma cha m'ma 21

Anayamba kulamulira Kim Chen iri, chuma cha charo pang'ono "cheered". boma lakhazikitsa kusintha latsopano msika, kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa ndalama Chinese (miliyoni US $ 200 mu 2004). Chifukwa cha vuto la 90 ntchentche mu DPRK ambiri malonda theka malamulo, koma aboma anali kuyesedwa, ngakhale lero, mu dziko pali "misika wakuda" ndi kuzembetsa katundu.

Mu 2009, pofuna kuchita kusintha ndalama wakhala anayesetsa kulimbikitsa chuma anakonza, koma chifukwa cha dziko wauka zikuchepa mlingo wa kufufuma, ndi ena uphungu zofunika zinayamba kusowa.

Pa nthawi ya 2011 malipiro bwino DPRK zitayamba kusonyeza chithunzi ndi kuphatikiza chizindikiro, wokondwa zabwino pa chuma cha boma lili malonda yachilendo. Choncho wotani chuma ku Korea North lero?

anakonza chuma

Popeza kuti zinthu zonse pa kutaya boma lake chuma lamulo. Korea North ndi limodzi mwa mayiko amene zokomera, komwe chirichonse ndi boma. Ndicho chimazinena nkhani ya ulimi, imports ndi zogulitsa kunja.

Lamulo chuma cha Korea North cholinga zonse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala chopangidwa ndi mitengo. Boma amasankha zinthu, si zochokera zosowa zenizeni za anthu, natsogozedwa kanjedza mapulani amene mwa malipoti zowerengera. Palibe zotsala katundu, kuyambira ndi kosathandiza ndi uneconomical, zomwe boma sangakwanitse. Koma nthawi zambiri mukhoza kukumana kuchepa kwa katundu wofunikira, mogwirizana ndi kuyanga misika lamulo ndipo ndi iwo, ndi chivundi.

Kodi ladzala chuma?

Korea North ali angoyamba kumene kutuluka vutoli, osauka ndi ¼ ya anthu anachita kuchepa pachimake chakudya. Ndipo ngati ife tikufanizira chuma North ndi South Korea, omwe competes ndi Japan kupanga makina yotha, woyamba ndi ndithudi zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo chitukuko. Komabe, boma wapeza njira chodzaza mosungiramo:

• katundu mchere, zida, zovala, ulimi, malasha coking, zipangizo, mbewu;
• kuyenga makampani;
• anakhazikitsa malonda ubwenzi ndi China (90% zolowa);
• malonda achinsinsi misonkho: pakuti yense anamaliza ndikupeleka wazamalonda amalipira boma 50% ya phindu la;
• chilengedwe cha mabacteria malonda.

Kaesong - malonda ndi paki mafakitale

Pamodzi ndi Republic of Korea unakhazikitsidwa otchedwa paki mafakitale, kumene kuli 15 makampani. M'dera limeneli lili zoposa zikwi 50 North Korea, malipiro awo ndi pafupifupi 2 zina apamwamba kuposa mu gawo la dziko mbadwa. Paki mafakitale n'kopindulitsa mbali zonse: Korea South zimagulitsidwa yomalizidwa malonda, ndi North ali ndi mwayi wabwino kubwezeretsanso chuma boma.

mzinda Dandong

Mofananamo, anakhazikitsa kugona ndi China, kokha mu nkhani iyi amachita ngati linga lolimba kwa malonda si zone mafakitale, ndi mzinda Chinese wa Dandong, pamene unachitikira kwa malonda. Tsopano lodzala ndi nthumwi malonda North Korea. mankhwala kugulitsa mabungwe mungathe komanso oimira munthu.

Great kufunika nsomba. Mu Dandong pali otchedwa nsomba Mafia: kugulitsa nsomba, inu kulipira mkulu misonkho zokwanira, koma ngakhale zili choncho likukhalira phindu wabwino. Kumene pali daredevils amene kuitanitsa nsomba mozemba, koma chifukwa cha ziletso okhwima iwo afika ang'onoang'ono chaka chilichonse.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Korea North amadalira malonda yachilendo, ndi choona angatsutse. Koma chuma pali mfundo zina zochititsa chidwi, ena mwa iwo sangakhoze anapambulwa pa ndale.

Choncho, mu dziko pali m'misasa 16 ntchito inaimika maziko a Gulag. Iwo amachita maudindo awiri: chilango cha zigawenga komanso kupereka ufulu ntchito. Popeza dziko ali ndi mfundo ya "chilango cha mibadwo itatu", mabanja ena mu umoyo wawo onse m'misasa.

M'zaka za kuchepa chuma dziko asangalala inshuwalansi chinyengo, ndipo pa mlingo lonse, umene boma mobwerezabwereza akuzengedwa mlandu ndi chofunika kuti abwerere malipiro inshuwalansi lapansi.

Iwo chinathetsedwa pa mapeto a 70s boma okhawo pa malonda yachilendo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, msika lonse akhoza kusiya aliyense, kulembetsa ku kampani wapadera yachilendo malonda.

Pa vutoli, ndalama zazikulu ndi chakudya, akhoza umasinthanitsidwa chilichonse.

April 1, 1974 misonkho, koma sizinali za amalonda payekha anali anathetsa.

chuma Korea a North ndi malo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi angathe kutenga mlingo wa ubwenzi kwa dziko lakunja.

chuma dziko likadali kwambiri za mipata, nzika akuyesetsa amasamukira pa mpata uliwonse, ndi katundu utatsalirabe makadi m'malo ndalama. Lowani m'dera la boma ndi sizingatheke, ndipo ziwalo zonse owoneka a malo angatchedwe kwambiri, madera chabwino. dziko atayika mu kungolota, kodi chikuchitika Korea North, koma chuma dziko limatuluka ndipo mwina Patatha zaka Korea North adzakhala pa mlingo wofanana wa chitukuko zachuma ndi anansi ake.