Mluzu turbines pa dizilo pamene mofulumira: zimayambitsa zotheka ndi vutolo

magalimoto amakono nthawi zambiri zida ndi turbocharger ndi - kotero inu mukhoza kwambiri kusintha mphamvu ndi ntchito ngakhale otsika mphamvu ndi otsika-buku injini. Monga tikudziwa, palibe injini akhoza silingayende bwino popanda wina kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Kokapsya ku chipinda kuyaka wa lita imodzi ya mafuta, m'pofunika osati malita zosakwana 11 zikwi a oxygen. Koma kuti mpweya ukhoza kugwera mu zonenepa, kuyenera kudutsa sefa, madyedwe zobwezedwa, kumachilambalala fulumizitsa kenako mu kagawo wa chishalo ndi valavu yokha. Kufunika kwa galimoto mu mlengalenga sakhutitsidwa kwathunthu. Turbocharger amamangirira mtunda mathamangitsidwe ndi mapampu mu chipinda kuyaka. Ntchito, chopangira mphamvu mwina kubala phokoso. galimoto eni ambiri kwambiri. Tiyeni tifufuze chimene chiri mkati mfundo, ngati likhwelu chopangira mphamvu dizilo koopsa pamene mofulumira, komanso zomwe limanena.

Za chilengedwe cha chopangira mphamvu ya

Kwambiri galimoto eni kwambiri kukhulupirira kuti Turbo - ndi Kutulukira zochepa zapitazi. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti anaonekera mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 20, pamene Turbo anali okonzeka ndi pafupifupi zitsanzo zonse za makampani German galimoto. Koma zimenezi si zoona. The tsiku lobadwa amaona kuti Turbo 1911. Zinali ndiye kuti injiniya American Alfred Buchi anali amatha kupeza setifiketi kwa chipangizo mafakitale, kulola kangapo kuonjezera mphamvu ndi maonekedwe a Motors ochiritsira.

Koma ndi mphamvu zonse chopangira mphamvu woyamba, iwo anali bulky kukula ndi kulemera kwa injini linawonjezeka kambirimbiri. Development wa turbocharging magalimoto zonyamula anasiya, koma chopangira mphamvu katundu zoyendera ntchito mwakhama kwambiri. Mu US, automakers sanali mofulumira kukhazikitsa chitetezo mafakitale. Ndiye (komanso tsopano) kuti kubetcherana pa powertrains buku mumlengalenga. Pali ngakhale kuti "palibe akhoza m'malo voliyumu."

Ku Ulaya, mafuta ankachitira chuma kuposa mu US. Komanso, m'zaka za m'ma 20, Europe anamva mavuto mafuta. Automakers anayamba kuchepetsa mabuku a injini, pamene kuwongolera mphamvu. Zimenezi zathandiza chitetezo cha. umisiri anali bwino, zinthu structural kukhala kosavuta. Komabe, pakati pa zovuta za kunali mkulu mafuta - turbocharging mwa eni wamba galimoto anapeza kutchuka.

Amafotokozera mu injini dizilo

Monga ziri zodziwika bwino, injini dizilo anayamba kupanga mu 1893. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kamangidwe kake ndi ikulembedwa, m'madera ambiri anali pansi yofanana angapo ndipo zosintha. Akatswiri ntchito pa njira ya kupereka osakaniza mafuta, komanso bwino zake. Ndiye, akatswiri a apanga chopangira mphamvu, cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito ndi makhalidwe a pachikhalidwe chifukwa zonse mafuta kuyaka mu zonenepa ndi. Zimenezi zachokera psinjika ya mpweya dongosolo mkati - n'zotheka kuonjezera osalimba a kusowa mpweya. Choncho osakaniza anali adzanyekeratu, ndipo linaphulika kunja ochepa mpweya zoipa.

Pali kuthamanga chopangira mphamvu otsika ndi mkulu. mphamvu zipangizo mkulu ndi waphindu ndi linapangidwira.

kamangidwe

Modern turbocharger ndi chipangizo wopangidwa mwa zigawo zotsatirazi. Izi zipolopolo awiri, omwe ali okonzeka ndi kompresa ndi chopangira mphamvu. housings izi zopangidwa wa kasakaniza wazitsulo kutentha zosagwira kuponya chitsulo. chopangira mphamvu ndi okonzeka ndi gudumu wapadera - alinso mkulu kutentha kukana.

mayendedwe wapadera komanso zilipo kukonza. thupi lawo chopangidwa ndi kuponyera kasakaniza wazitsulo wapadera zamkuwa. Umadutsa iwo kutsinde zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kompresa gudumu ndi chopangira mphamvu ozungulira. Palinso chilimbikitso komanso mayendedwe kupisa.

Mfundo ntchito turbocharger ndi

ndi aligorivimu ndi motere. The mankhwala a linanena bungwe kuyaka kwa utsi zobwezedwa, ndi kubwera ndi kulandira nozzle turbocharger. Kenako kudutsa chopangira mphamvu nyumba - pa nyumba ndimeyi ali variable mtanda gawo. Utsi mpweya monga magalimoto pa njira kumawonjezera mathamangidwe ake ndipo zidzakhudza chopangira mphamvu gudumu - muulamuliro ichi imazungulira. chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa ozungulira a chopangira mphamvu ndi kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Wapakati kasinthasintha liwiro 1500 Rev / gawo.

Kunja mpweya kudutsa Zosefera mpweya, ndi kutsukidwa ku zodetsa ndi mathithi wothinikizidwa mu zakudya zobwezedwa. Ndiye njira chatsekedwa. osakaniza ndi zina wothinikizidwa ndi akayaka. Kenako, utsi zobwezedwa chikuyamba. Pakhomo la chipinda kuyaka wokwera intercooler.

Ndi chofunika kwa yozizira mpweya otentha akubwera kuchokera turbocompressor lapansi. Choncho kumawonjezera kachulukidwe ndi amachepetsa buku la mpweya. yamphamvu ndi adjudged kuchuluka wamkulu wa mpweya umene kuwotcha bwino pambuyo kusakaniza ndi mafuta. Zimenezi kwambiri mphamvu ndi mafuta yafupika.

Ngati chopangira mphamvu muluzi

Ntchito therethrough kuchuluka kwa mipita mpweya ndiye wothira mafuta, kuwonjezera kulemera kwa kusakaniza. Mpweya amawapopa pansi kuthamanga - pansi pa nyumba akhoza kupezeka ngati wenzulo pa zachabezo ndi pa filimu. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa - kuphwanya umphumphu wa dongosolo.

phokoso izi zikhoza anachenjezedwa. Koma nthawi yomweyo kupita ku matenda mu SRT lapansi. Mungayesere kukonza vuto nokha. Akatswiri chinthu choyamba analimbikitsa onani lililonse nozzle mpweya injini kwa zikayamba. Nthawi zambiri, pamene wenzulo wa chopangira mphamvu pamaoneka pa dizilo pamene mofulumira, pali owonjezera mpweya wambiri. Kuthetsa vuto akukwana m'malo zisindikizo ndi kumangitsa clamps ndi fasteners.

Pankhani ya mipope kuvala kusintha kwawo ndi latsopano. iwo sangakhoze anakonza, ndi kuika ntchito kale ali osavomerezeka.

Ngati njira ndi zolimba, ndipo komabe mluzu amveka, ndiye m'pofunika kuchita zambiri mu mozama matenda, chifukwa chopangira mphamvu - lofunika kwambiri luso mfundo ayenera ntchito stably. Ambiri sakudziwa, koma yaing'ono turbines wenzulo pa dizilo pamene mofulumira - si zachilendo. Koma ngati chipangizo ndi wobangula, ndiye amagwirizana ndi mavuto.

Monga mluzu chopangira mphamvu?

Kawirikawiri, izi compressors zimatulutsa phokoso pa nthawi rpm mu osiyanasiyana kusintha 1.5 kuti 2.5 zikwi. Zilibe kanthu momwe zikuchepa kuyamba imathandizira. Wenzulo adakali zimachitika. Zida lekani, ngakhale revs kusiya. Pankhaniyi, ntchito injini sasintha. Basi kuchuluka kwa mpweya likuyenderera mu turbocharger chimadutsa mabowo omwe ataya mawonekedwe pa nthawi. Chifukwa, dalaivala akamva injini chipinda cha mpweya chonyansa malikhweru pa mathamangitsidwe.

Kuwala mluzu phokoso akhoza kuziona pa turbines watsopano. Koma mwamsanga akudutsa. Ndipo patapita kanthawi ngati chipangizo molondola, kokha anamva phokoso la machitidwe engine. Ngati malikhweru chopangira mphamvu, ndi liwiro pa nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa, m'malo payipi kuti zikugwirizana kuti intercooler lapansi. Nthawi zina kukhala mlandu yekha mpweya kutentha exchanger. Ngati panali wenzulo pa mathamangitsidwe, ngati intercooler obayidwa, m'pofunika kuchita kafukufuku - kukonza mosavuta kuposa chopangira mphamvu ya. Katunduyo mukhoza solder kapena m'malo ndi mlandu watsopano malfunctions kwambiri.

Chifukwa intercooler yopuma? chakuti zinthu waikidwa mu kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo. Si zokhazo, iye ali patsogolo pa rediyeta, moteronso atathana pafupifupi pansi pa bampala. Choncho mukhoza zosiyanasiyana miyala.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu chifukwa pali chopangira mphamvu wenzulo pa dizilo pamene mofulumira. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi intercooler si anaika injini onse turbocharged. Izi tiyenela kuiganizila matenda. Nthawi zina, mafuta kompresa yozizira (mwachitsanzo, injini dizilo "Kammniz" Y "Mbawala-Business").

zifukwa mluzu

Liwiro, yomwe imazungulira ndi chopangira mphamvu impeller amadziwa ntchito, ndiko kuposa zikwi khumi pa mphindi. Mwachindunji, ndi wenzulo dizilo chopangira mphamvu pa mathamangitsidwe - chizindikiro cha mankhwala depressurization dongosolo. Malikhweru chopangira mphamvu chifukwa ndimeyi wa wothinikizidwa mpweya kudzera kudula lapansi. Watsimikiza mavuto awa wekha. Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kupeza malo chifukwa cha phokoso izi.

Komanso wenzulo chopangira mphamvu pa mtengo akonzedwa kumachitika chifukwa cha kupita kwa mpweya kulikonse kwa polowera zobwezedwa kuti intercooler lapansi. Komanso, phokoso kudzachitika mu kukhalapo kwa mipata pakati pa mutu yamphamvu ndi zakudya zobwezedwa (gapping chipika pamalo). Ngati mwake ndi anakhomerera, komanso ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa wenzulo. Sound zingachitikenso ngati zinthu lachitatu chipani kupeza mkati limagwirira lapansi.

Zizindikiro zina

Osati mluzu pa mathamangitsidwe kungasonyeze wonongeka a pachikhalidwe ndi. Pali zizindikiro zina. Monga izo zikhoza anatsimikiza kuti chopangira mphamvu ndi likufunika kukonzedwa. Tiona kulephera ankaikira wagawo pa utsi mtundu.

buluu utsi

Ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba ndi ambiri khalidwe la breakage. Pa mlingo akonzedwa ku utsi chitoliro adzakhala kuwataya utsi buluu. Pankhaniyi, ngati galimoto ikulira pa liwiro otsika, izo sizidzatero. Chifukwa mu combusting mafuta amene igwera mu chipinda yamphamvu chifukwa kutayikira kwa turbocharger lapansi. Komanso khalidwe wenzulo pa mtengo akonzedwa angamvele.

utsi wakuda

Utsi mtundu zikusonyeza kuti zonenepa ndi yoyaka osakaniza wachuma wa mpweya chifukwa kutayikira mu chilimbikitso kapena thoroughfares intercooler. Komanso china - dongosolo amagetsi kulamulira. Mwina ukuyenda bwino. Komanso, kuyendera chikhalidwe cha nozzles lapansi.

utsi woyera

Zifukwa mapangidwe utsi angapezeke ku kuda mafuta ndimeyi yatsekera chopangira mphamvu. Ngati nyumba wagawo wapezeka mafuta kutayikira, kapena ndi pa nozzles njira mpweya, ndiye chifukwa fouling a dongosolo mu mpweya okwanira njira. N'kuthekanso coked olamulira chopangira mphamvu. Chifukwa mpweya wa utsi ndi chosakhala mtundu.

Pomaliza

Tinkaona chifukwa pali chopangira mphamvu wenzulo pa injini dizilo pa mathamangitsidwe, zimayambitsa phokoso izi. Nthawi zambiri, iwo ali oyanjana ndi kuchucha mpweya. Kuthetsa depressurization akhoza kukhala manja awo. Koma ngati kuwonongeka ndi yaikulu kwambiri, palibe kusamalira paokha. turbines ano kobvuta zomangamanga ndi zokonza yabwino kumanzere kwa akatswiri a. Iwo amatha kudziwa phokoso la wenzulo kuposa chopangira mphamvu ndi.