Kuika - ndi chiyani ichi?

A pang'ono kuposa zaka zapitazo, anthu sanali kudziwa kuti kuli magulu osiyana magazi. Za uchembere chinthu, tinaphunzira patapita nthawi yaitali, zaka 76 zapitazo. Kuyambira pamenepo kuika watha kukhala wakupha m'chilengedwe ndipo wakhala pafupifupi wamba ndondomeko kumapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri padziko lonse.

The sayansi a kupoperedwa

Kuika - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo a hematology, sayansi ya magazi. Zakhala kuphunzira kuikidwa, kumalongeza, magazi akuwaza padera, Kutulukira mmalo yokumba magazi, komanso mankhwala a mavuto ndi kuikidwa ndi pambuyo. Hematology ndi Transfusiology makamaka - patsogolo nthambi ya mankhwala amakono. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa.

Kwa madokotala, odwala mwakayakaya akatswiri, obstetricians, anesthetists ndi kumuika zikamera ndi kukula kwa sayansi monga Transfusiology - ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu kutsogolo.

zana zapitazo, magazi ntchito kokha kuchipatala ndipo ife tikhoza kunena, monga yomalizira. Mu zochitika zina pamene matendawa patsogolo, ndi ena onse miyeso mankhwala kapena opaleshoni ndithu, dotolo ndi wodwala angathe kutenga chiopsezo. Wodwalayo ndipo adokotala ndinkadziwa kuti mlingo wabwino ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi Mwina imfa.

Today Transfusiology - ndi amakono ndipo mofulumira osauka sayansi. Iwo pali zambiri atulukira ndi zoyambitsidwa.

ndizosowa kuika

Maziko a sayansi Kuika kuika kutsegula 1900 ndi 1940 magazi mtundu ndi RH china. Zinali ndiye kuti anthu aphunzira kuli anthu pa nthaka limodzi ndi magulu anayi osiyanasiyana:

• Ine - 0.
• II - A.
• III - B.
• IV - AB.

Ndipo kuli zinthu ziwiri rhesus:

• Zabwino (Rh-).
• Wachisoni (RH +).

kuwonjezera maphunziro analola kudziwa zimayambitsa amafa mu mwaziwo ndi kuwonetsera ngakhale tchati magulu magazi (onani. Mmunsimu).

magazi gulu ndi RH chinthu sangakhoze kusintha pa moyo, musati zimadalira mtundu, kugonana, ndipo anatengera makhalidwe payekha. Kuika ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuphunzitsa madokotala ntchito zimene kusamalira odwala akufunika magazi.

kuikidwa

Masiku ano, magazi a anthu lonse popanda kusamala ndi olimba pafupifupi konse ntchito. Makamaka ntchito kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika wodwalayo olekanitsidwa fractionation njira, makamaka mankhwala ndipo nthawi zambiri zii. ntchito kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi, odzaza maselo ofiira, madzi a m'magazi, leukocytes kumvetsera.

Malinga malo ka zigawo magazi, pali mitundu kutsatira kuikidwa (kulowetsedwa):

• Mtsempha (kudzera m'mitsempha a).
• Intraarterially (kudzera mtsempha wamagazi ndi).
• Intraosseous (mu thupi la fupa wodwala).
• Intracardiac (mu ventricle kumanzere mwachindunji mu mtima kapena puncture kudzera pakhungu).
• Intrauterine (ndi RH-nkhondo mimba opangidwa puncture wa mwana wosabadwayo m'mimba).

Pamene muyenera magazi

Ngakhale kupambana ndi zopambana matenda zinachitikira magazi, njirayi imatengedwa lalikulu transplantologicheskoy ntchito ndipo sangathe mutsimikizira anasiya mavuto ndi kuopsa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Komabe, pali umboni wokwanira wosonyeza kuti apatsidwenso:

1. Zisonyezero mtheradi (popanda odwala magazi mwiniwake pa chiopsezo imfa, palibe contraindications):

• aakulu kutaya magazi;
• kudabwitsa pambuyo zoopsa;
• osachiritsika boma (imfa ya minofu pa likutukuka).

2. Zisonyezero wachibale (popanda kuikidwa magazi wodwala ndi moyo, ndipo ndi mbali chabe ya mankhwala dokotala ndi mtima ayenera kuganizira mofatsa za contraindications zotheka, kumvetsetsa ndi kuthekera kuopsa ndi kuyembekezera zotsatira.)

• magazi m'thupi chifukwa kukha mwazi;
• aakulu magazi m'thupi mogwirizana khansa;
• coagulation syndrome pochulukitsa mwa ziwiya;
• kutaya magazi kwambiri kuposa 30%;
• kuphwanya coagulation magazi, si amenable mankhwala;
• amapatsira mwana wake, ndi matenda enaake, pachimake matenda a chiwindi, kuchititsa osakwanira magazi clotting;
• khansa magazi ndi ena a khansala yosiyanasiyana;
• aakulu poizoni;
• sepsis.

Pamene inu simungakhoze kuika magazi?

matenda aakulu a dongosolo mtima, 2 ndi 3 magawo kulephera magazi atherosclerosis, sitiroko, chifuwa chachikulu, mu nthawi ya exacerbation, amakonda kupanga magazi kuundana, mphumu, misempha, ziwengo, edema m'mapapo mwanga - contraindications onse mwachindunji kuti apatsidwenso . pakati aliyense kuika akukana kuvomereza odwala matenda ndipo analimbikitsa kuyang'ana kwa ena, zosakuikani pangozi mankhwala.

ndondomeko

Pa chikuonetseratu wodwala mu Institute of hematology ndi magazi mu magazi ake anatengedwa kudziwa mtundu ndi RH china. Izi mofulumira angalongosolere kusanthula Nthawi zambiri mwachindunji ndi maso athu. Komanso kamphindi anafufuza malinga ndi matenda, magazi amatengedwa pa kusanthula matenda a kuthamanga magazi anayeza, kugunda kwa mtima, thupi kutentha. Pambuyo kupanga zitsanzo kwachilengedwenso n'zogwirizana kwa olandila ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu magazi magazi. Mu mtsempha wa wodwala kutumikiridwa 15 Botolo chigawo ndi njanji ayankhe.

Ngati zonse zitayenda bwino, anamwalira amakonzekera phukusi ndi zigawo (kutentha kapena defrost), ndipo wodwalayo zizindikiro zikalata zofunikira. Magazi anatsanulira malinga ndi njira osankhidwa a kupoperedwa dokotala.

Pambuyo ndondomeko ulipo kwa bedi zina, nthawi zonse anayendera wolandira, ulamuliro wa thupi kutentha (katatu ola limodzi pa tsiku) ndipo anachita magazi ndi kusanthula mkodzo.

ndi magazi ntchito kuikidwa Kodi

Inde, limatiphunzitsa magazi kwa processing ndi yokonza zigawo zikuluzikulu ali kutero. Koma pali zina.

Zobwezerezedwanso - loyamba ndi mwazi wonse pa chingwe umbilical ndi latuluka. Iwo anasonkhana pamene mwana wabadwa. Chingwe umbilical Kadulidwa, ndipo magazi otsalawo aseptically kunditumiza ku babu wapadera. Nthawi iliyonse yobereka anasonkhana avareji 200 ml. Ndi kukula mofulumira sayansi tsopano analimbikitsa kusunga ana awo mabanki wapadera. Zikuoneka kuti mu madokotala posachedwa m'tsogolo adzatha kusonyezedwa magazi umbilical chingwe nambala yaikulu matenda.

Cadaver - magazi a anthu athanzi ndipo atamwalira (chifukwa cha masoka ndi ngozi, m'mnyewa wamtima infarction, mantha, kukha mwazi kwa muubongo, congestive kulephera mtima, etc.). mpanda wapangidwa pasanafike asanu maola atamwalira kuchuluka kwa malita kwa wina ndi anayi. Musagwiritsire ntchito magazi a anthu ndi matenda opatsirana, Oncology, HIV, TB, chindoko, anafa poyizoni.

Autohemotransfusion - magazi a m'mbuyomu anagwira oyera mtima ndi nkhani. N'zothekanso m'mimba zoopsa ndi yaikulu magazi mkati izlivshuyusya kusonkhanitsa magazi mu M'mimbamo thupi ndi pamene Iwo ayeretsedwa ndi kutumikiridwa kwa mtima kachiwiri. njirayi ndi otetezeka, monga amakonda kuthekera kukanidwa.

chopereka

Chipatala chirichonse mu dziko lathu ziri zonse akufunika magazi. Pochitika otchedwa masiku wa mwiniwake, pali othandizira ndalama anthu ofuna kupereka udakali othandizira ndalama ngakhale wolemekezeka, komabe, chuma ali osowa.

Aliyense thanzi wachibale anthu a m'dziko lathu pa zaka 18 ndi 55 akhoza kutenga nawo mbali mu pulogalamuyi kuti apulumutse miyoyo. Izi zimafuna yekha ntchito ku siteshoni yapafupi ya magazi. Pamaso Kupenda aliyense anagwira kwaulere (kuphatikizapo chindoko, chiwindi ndi HIV). Ambiri anadzipereka kupereka magazi kwaulere, koma palinso njira zolimbikitsa ndalama. othandizira ndalama zonse kulandira maziko kuvomerezedwa pa tsiku la chakudya magazi ndi nkhomaliro kapena chakudya, malipilo chuma, komanso linanena bungwe zina. magazi angathe kumwedwa pa masabata asanu ndi atatu, mpaka kasanu pa chaka.

Institute of hematology ndi magazi Research

Magazi - lero alipo mu njira zambiri kuchipatala. Koma mu Russia pali Russian Institute Research wa hematology ndi magazi FMBA, amene ankaona malo kutsogolera mabungwe sayansi ndi mankhwala a dziko. Iwo lili St. Petersburg pa 2 Sovetskaya msewu, 16.

Kuika Institute Research amapereka mitundu yonse ya-ndi-luso chithandizo zokhudzana ndi mavuto ndi matenda magazi zokhudzana. Mkati mwa makoma ake zikugwira mankhwala a khansa, kusungiramo maselo tsinde, zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ndi kusunga ziwalo ndipo zimakhala m'thupi la munthu. Komanso mu Institute bungwe Dipatimenti ya zamafupa ndi Traumatology, Radiology, Radiology, opaleshoni ntchito zosiyanasiyana diagnostics zasayansi.