Ekoarhitektura: kufotokoza, zizindikiro chidwi mfundo ndi ndemanga

Ekoarhitektura - wapadera kamangidwe lingaliro, amene amaganizira, Choyamba, zinthu zachilengedwe mu kamangidwe ka chilengedwe anthu. Zoyamba za mfundo imeneyi, kulengedwa ndi Chitaliyana wamanga Paolo Soleri. Komanso pansi ekoarhitekturoy kumvetsa lingaliro la kuzindikira kuti chifukwa hyperstructures bwino kuti lizichirikiza anthu mzinda umodzi akhoza kuchepetsa choimira zimakhudza anthu pa chilengedwe.

Kodi lingaliro ekoarhitektury?

Ekoarhitektura zinachitika pambuyo zinaonekeratu kuti kuthetsa m'tawuni anayamba kutenga malo poponya lalikulu. Zimenezi zinayamba kutenga mawonekedwe m'mayiko ambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, omwe umagwiritsidwa kumzinda, anali kwambiri.

The mbali yaikulu ya lingaliro ili mapulani ndi kuchepetsa m'dera wotanganidwa okhala m'mizinda, chifukwa yosamutsa wa gipersturkturu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Mlembi Paolo Soleri malingaliro sanali okha okha tiganizira zachilengedwe. Iye anayamba ntchito yake ndi dera chikhalidwe. Malinga ndi cholinga chake, ndi hyperstructures latsopano ankayenera kuthandiza kukonzekera bwino, ntchito kwambiri zoyendera anthu. Ndithudi, zimenezi zingachititse kuwonjezeka kachulukidwe anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti zimenezi zithandiza kuti amuchotsepo mavuto ambiri chibadidwe megacities.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti si Soleri woyamba adadza ndi mfundo imeneyi. zomangamanga zachilengedwe choyamba anafotokoza, monga nthawi zambiri zimachitika, mu ntchito yaluso. Malingaliro amene anali zochokera Soleri, choyamba zafotokozedwa Wazopeka Zasayansi wake buku "The wogona Awakes" Gerbert Uells.

Kumasulira malingaliro mu zenizeni

Panopa, kapangidwe wotchuka kwambiri ndi maganizo a kamangidwe otchedwa Arcosanti. Ndi mzinda mu US, kulengedwa ndi Soleri panobe. Kuyambira 1970, kumanga ake ndi wachangu ophunzira. Wakumana ndi lingaliro monga "ekoarhitektura".

Pankhaniyi, zikhoza kukhala bwino. Ngakhale kuthetsa lakonzedwa kuti anthu 3-5 zikwi azikhala yekha 100 odzipereka. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa malo angathe kugwiritsa ntchito yophunzitsa ndi alendo. Panopa Arcosanti amakopeka pa 5000 anthu pachaka.

Kodi kampaniyo pansi pa dzina "Ekoarhitektura"

Mu Russia lero si kukumana midzi izi, koma anatsegula kwambiri makampani omwe ntchito amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana zokhudza chilengedwe. Ambiri a iwo wotchedwa - "Ekoarhitektura".

Ena a iwo, mwachitsanzo, chinkhoswe alipire mwamsanga zakudya choposa chimenechi. Komanso, mankhwala ndi pomaliza kapena adatha, mabvuto magulu a mankhwala chakudya ndi zina illiquid. Ltd. ndi kuchita "Ekoarhitektura" (Moscow ndi Moscow dera). Kenako zakudya kwa yobwezeretsanso. Limapereka thandizo chilengedwe.

Pali kampani ina mu Yekaterinburg wotchedwa "EkoArhitektura". Kutaya zinyalala - malangizo chachikulu cha ntchito zake. Akatswiri ake ali okonzeka kuthandiza muchisiye zinyalala ngozi IV kalasi. kampani likamva ndi Mitundu mitundu yonse ya zinyalala, amapereka phukusi zonse zolembedwa ndi malipoti zachilengedwe.

zomangamanga Ecostyle

Masiku kapangidwe ndi zomangamanga Ecostyle zachilendo. Izi yapamwamba ndi leni malangizo. Iye amaganiziranso ambiri ntchito kafukufuku ndi monographs. Mwachitsanzo, nkhaniyi ogwira ntchito Kharkiv National Academy wa Municipal Economy Krivitskaya A. ndi N. Krivoruchko amatchedwa "Ekoarhitektura monga kuteteza chimango chachibadwidwe".

Ntchito laperekedwa kwa mizinda iwiri - Kharkov ndi Belgorod. Iwo, monga asayansi, akhoza kukhala chitsanzo cha mtundu watsopano wa agglomerations m'tawuni. Panopa, zinyalala mafakitale mpweya, kuwonongeka kwa thanzi ndi ukhondo zinthu kwambiri kuvutika moyo anthu mu mzinda.

Choncho yekha kamangidwe ka ekostruktur latsopano pamene asayambe chimango achilengedwe a dongosolo dera m'madera matauni angapulumutse zinthu ziliri zachilengedwe.

i ekoarhitektury

Kuti Eco zamakono zomangamanga mogwirizana ndi malingaliro amakono za mfundo imeneyi, kubwera pansi i yeniyeni.

Choyamba, ndi mphamvu zopulumutsa. M'pofunika kuchepetsa ntchito ya magwero kupanga mphamvu. Chachiwiri, ntchito yomanga zipangizo yekha chiyambi zachilengedwe, amenenso angathe kudziletsa adzikonzenso. Mwachitsanzo, nkhuni. Chotero njira sindidzafunsa ana a zinthuzi.

Chachitatu, kufunika kuchitira nyumbayi monga zamoyo. Zomangamanga kuzioneka ngati chilengedwe moyo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyumba ndilo "amapuma" ndi nthawi "kukula," ndiyeno "mphamvu."

Chachinayi, muzochitika zones za moyo m'pofunika kuchepetsa amadza oipa chilengedwe. Ndipo potsiriza, otsiriza - kugwiritsa ntchito malowo pafupi ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo podziwa bwino zimene mukufuna ndendende fomu iyi.

ntchito Modern ekoarhitekturnye

Lingaliro la ntchito Eco-zomangamanga zimene zili m'nkhani ino, kusiyana padziko lonse. A chitsanzo chapadera - "mubwerere nyumba" mu Argentina, ntchito yake unawoneka mu 1975.

The inspirer yofunika kwambiri wamanga Emilio Ambash, pakati ichi "wakuda lalikulu" pa zomangamanga. Malinga ndi dongosolo lake, iye ankayenera kuti, komanso zojambula za Malevich, kusonyeza mapeto a luso ndi kupereka mwayi kwa zenizeni watsopano spiritualistic.

Koma pamene nyumba akadali inamangidwa mu 2005, unakhala chizindikiro cha "mwachibadwa" njira ya moyo umene uli wotchuka lero.

The zogonamo za "Nyumba ya zachinsinsi" umabisika m'nyumba phiri ndipo ali opambana kusinkhasinkha. Pa phiri anamanga makoma awiri ndi makwerero, amene intersect pa makona pachimake. Iwo amaganiza kuti munthu amene anali wokhoza kuti afikire choonadi, anakweza iwo pamwamba zenizeni imvi.

ntchito ina ekoarhitekturny lichitidwa akuyendera mzinda Japanese a Fukuoka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mizinda yayikulu kwambiri mu Asia dziko, amene amadwala kusowa zoopsa za mlengalenga.

Mbiri ya ntchitoyi inayamba mu 1995, pamene panafunika kumanga malo chikhalidwe. Kunapezeka kuti malo okha kwa kumanga akuluakulu ngati oyang'anira tauni lingapereke mu paki mzinda, kukula kwa omwe si oposa awiri mzinda atilakwira.

Pofuna kudula paki, anaganiza kutenga 15-storey inawomba nyumba yaitali pa likulu la chikhalidwe chawo, kusunga, ndi ochepa Japan greenery. The inawomba nyumba yaitali munali malo chionetsero ndi maholo msonkhano, zinthu zakale ndi malo luso.

Pa nthawi yomweyo amadyera ku auka kusungidwa paki pa wapakamwa kum'mwera kwa nyumba, kupanga izo zikuwoneka ngati cimodzi za zozizwa za mdziko - Gardens wa Babulo.

Choncho, mumayesto lingaliro monga ekoarhitektura angayang'ane maumboni zotsutsana. Pa dzanja limodzi, akatswiri lozani lothandiza - Ndipotu, ntchito imeneyi kuthandiza chilengedwe ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Komano, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti pa siteji ya kukhazikitsa ambiri a malingaliro ali okwera mtengo kwambiri, anakhala ndalama zambiri poponya.

Mudzi wa Dietikon

ntchito ina ekoarhitekturny kuti ayenera kukuuzani - ndi mudzi Dietikon (Switzerland) pokhazikitsa Peter Fechem.

Iye anaonekera mu 1993 m'dera la m'tauni yaing'ono ya Dietikon. Patapita zaka zingapo, pamene zowonetsera mu filimu "Ambuye wa mphete" a m'deralo otchedwa anapanga pambali pawo Swiss m'mudzi wa Middle-lapansi.

Woyamba mobisa nyumba Fech anamanga kumbuyo mu 1970 ndi. Kuyambira pamenepo, mu Dietikon anatha chilili naini nyumba mobisa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. mamita lalikulu pakati pa 60 ndi 250. Iwo anali ofanana kwambiri kwa hobbits nyumba ya nkhani Tolkien a.

Iwo ankakonda ndi anthu. Denga dothi ndi udzu mwachibadwa kuteteza nyumba kwa mvula, mphepo, ndi kutentha. Amathandizanso yambiri zochepa mphamvu kuposa nyumba ochiritsira. nyumba izi ndi chabwinobwino mwamtheradi chilengedwe.

minda ofukula

ofukula yomanga munda anabadwa mwa makoma a University Columbia mu US. Malinga ndi asayansi ake, ndi 2050 mumzinda kudzalimbikitsa 80% okhala dziko lapansi. Komanso, chizolowezi cha kudya mankhwala zosawononga chilengedwe choyera ulimi alipobe.

Kuti athetse vutoli, Pierre Sartoux ndi Augustin Rozenstil anaganiza asilikali a minda choimirira. Izi nyumba zosanja zitalizitali wodzazidwa ndi greenhouses ndi corrals. A ambiri maofesi amenewa m'tsogolo adzalola kudyetsa anthu mabiliyoni khumi imene 2050 Babulo adzakhala Dziko Lapansi.

nyumba organic

ntchito ina kuti kuliganizira - organic kunyumba Gaetano Pesce. Mu zina zachidule oyambirira iye ankawoneka ngati mtengo wathundu, amene anali ngati maziko a mizu ndi korona - denga.

Potsilizira pake, nyumba anakhala yakhalapo nsungwi, kufunafuna oposa yekha. Iye anawonekera pakati koma mzinda wina Japanese - Osaka. Mu 1993, nyumba monga chakumene mphako pachilichonse za chigawo tingachipeze powerenga malonda ku Asia. Chofiira wapakamwa nyumba chokongoletsedwa ndi miphika organic maluwa. Iwo amakula pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zitsamba kuti zitha kupezeka m'dera lino nyengo. Izi ndi Chitsanzo chabwino cha ekoarhitektury mu moyo.