Nkhondo ya Alta Mtsinje zaka 1068: zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira

Nkhondo ya Mtsinje Alta pakati pa akalonga Russian, ana Yaroslava Mudrogo, ndi asilikali Polovtsian chinachitika mu 1068. News ya nkhondo si ambiri mu mbiri, koma azungu chakhala mmodzi wa kumenyana waukulu pakati Chirasha Polovtsian atasemphana. nkhondoyi ayenera kuonedwa ngati gawo la nkhondo yaitali pakati pa achinyamata ndi wakale Russian boma steppe dziko Polovtsian.

prehistory

Nkhondo ya Mtsinje Alta anali chifukwa cha kusiyana yapita pakati pa akalonga Russian ndi Polovtsy. Azambiriyakale conventionally kugawidwa mu magawo atatu wa nkhondo:

• m'ma 11;
• pa ulamuliro Vladimira Monomaha ;
• theka lachiwiri 12 - chiyambi cha m'ma 13.

M'zaka za m'ma 11 m'malo mwa dera la kumpoto Black Sea Pechenegs anakakhala ku mafuko latsopano steppe amene nthawi kugwira anawazunza zodziwitsa pa dziko Russian. Komabe, sanayese kugonjetsa boma wamng'ono, iwo okha chakuti anthu maukulu ndi mundilanda anthu mukutsogozedwa ku ukapoloko. chiwerengero chawo anafikira anthu masauzande ambiri, pamene mu Old boma Russian, malinga ndi asayansi, panali zisanu ndi anthu miliyoni ndi theka. Komabe, ngakhale kuti kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha anthu Cumans inkaopseza kwambiri Russia. Kungotchula woyamba pankhondo mafuko woyendayendawu opezeka Chronicle pansi chaka 1061, pamene iwo anaukira dziko Pereiaslav kumene analamulira mmodzi wa ana aang'ono Yaroslava Mudrogo.

prerequisites

Nkhondo ya Alta Mtsinje inathera ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Yaroslav. chifukwa cholephera izi ziyenera anafuna zinthu m'buku la alipo Old boma Russian m'zaka 11. Ngati pa kulimbana ndi Pechenegs akalonga ntchito pamodzi, ndiye nthawi chuma magulu awo anagawanika, zotsatirazi pakutchulidwa ya kugawikana.

asilikali a kalonga sanali ankaimira, monga kale, mphamvu umodzi nkhondo, ndi boyars anali mfulu kusuntha kwa mkulu wina ndi mzake, ndipo aliyense wa iwo kumverera mbuye zonse pa dziko lace. Komabe, nkhondo pa mtsinje Alta waonetsa kuti n'zotheka kugwirizana kwa mphamvu mu nkhope ya kuopseza wamba. Atatu Prince - Izyaslav Kievsky, Svyatoslav Chernigovsky ndi Vsevolod Pereyaslavl - agwirizana pamodzi kuti amenyane ndi mdani wodziwika. Komabe, akalonga onse anachita pamodzi. Choncho, iwo anagwira m'bale wake Vseslav Polotsk, namgwira Iye monga akapolo ku likulu.

Nkhondo ndi zotsatira

Nkhondo ya Alta Mtsinje zinachitika mu September 1068. N'kutsogolera Polovtsian Khan Sharukan analitcha Old. The podwala inathera ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Russian, akalonga athawa kunkhondo, ndipo Cumans anayamba kufunkha pafupi Kiev, chimene chinapangitsa kusakhutira wa anthu. Akalonga anakana bungwe ulendo watsopano adani, ndiyeno kugalukira anayamba. Izyaslav Yaroslavich yekha anathawira ku Poland Mfumu Boleslaw II wondituma asilikali ake kuwapulumutsa.

Chachiwiri Prince Svyatoslav, ndi retinue yaing'ono anatuluka kukakumana mdani, ndipo ananyema mphamvu zake zapamwamba. Zimenezi zinachitika mu November 1068, pafupi ndi tauni ya Snovsk. Choyamba Novgorod Chronicle wamng'ono recension ngakhale inanena kuti Khan yekha Sharukan anagwidwa ndi kumuwombera Russia. Komabe, kuchepetsa izi si zolondola mpaka mapeto, monga nthano ya makedzana Zaka namakuuzani za zinthu zimenezi, iye sanatchule dzina la analanda Khan. mwanjira ina, koma Polovtsian kuopseza yathetsedwa kalekale, ngakhale zaka 70 za m'ma 11 anakonza skirmish kakang'ono pakati pa iwo ndi amuna Russian. Komanso, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti olamulira Polovtsian nthawi alowerere nkhondo mkati pakati pa akalonga Russian, nthawi zina kukhala anzawo.

zotsatira

Nkhondo ya Mtsinje Alta Yaroslaviches pakati pa abale ndi Polovtsy kudziŵika kokha kunkhondo komanso akuluakulu zotsatira za ndale kuti anali kwa mbiri ya Old boma Russian.

Pambuyo kulephera kwa akalonga kulinganiza ntchito yatsopano ndi anthu Polovtsy Kiev atapanduka, anamasulidwa Vseslava Polotskogo ndi chofunika kuti iteteze mzindawo. The zipolowe kufalikira ku madera ena, yokutidwa angapo m'midzi, ndipo ena a iwo ndi kusakhutira ndi oongoka Amagi. Chiwerengero cha Kiev anakhala wamphamvu kwa miyezi isanu. Izyaslav anapezanso mphamvu ndi thandizo la asilikali Polish mu Vseslav Polotsky anathawa mu mzindawo.

akalonga miyeso

Nkhondo ya Alta Mtsinje Polovtsy zinachititsa mavuto aakulu mkati ndale. Pambuyo chiwembu anali wosweka, ndi Izyaslav pansi kachiwiri kulamulira Kiev, iye ndi abale ake anafalitsa mndandanda wa malamulo, imene inkatchedwa "Choonadi Yaroslav".

Maonekedwe abale nkhawa makamaka kuteteza kalonga, ndi ang'onoang'ono ndi seigniorial katundu wochokera tinganene kuti Polovtsian kuwukira zinachititsa kuti kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa apamwamba ndi strata m'munsi mwa anthu. Choncho, nkhondo pa mtsinje Alta Polovtsy zinachitika pa nthawi imene zotsutsana chikhalidwe amakhala kukula mu Old boma Russian.