Electrostatic makina - ntchito mfundo. Kodi kupanga makina electrostatic ndi manja awo

makina Electrostatic ukugwira ntchito ngati yothandizira gwero la mphamvu ya magetsi. chipangizo Izi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandiza kwa zionetsero zosiyanasiyana zochitika magetsi ndi zotsatira. Koma ndi kamangidwe kake ndi zinthu zimene?

Ena mbiri Kutulukira

Electrostatic makina yapangidwa kutali chaka zikwi eyiti handiredi sikisite chachisanu August Toepler, German sayansi. Modabwitsa, ndithu popanda zina experimental wasayansi Vilgelm Golts iye anatulukira kapangidwe ofanana, koma makamaka angwiro, monga chakuti makina kupeza mfundo zabwino kusiyana nazo ndiponso akanatha kukhala ndi zonse gwero panopa. Kuwonjezera galimoto goltsevskaya zinali wosalira zambiri mu kapangidwe. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi English experimentalist m'munda wa magetsi ndi zimango Dzheyms Vimshurst bwino unit. Ndipo lero ndi mwayi wake (ngakhale pang'ono ano) pofuna kusonyeza zatsopano electrodynamic, chifukwa luso kulenga kusiyana yaikulu ulipo pakati pa okhometsa. makina Electrostatic wakhala kale bwino mu makumi anai za m'ma katswiri Joffe dzina, zomwe zachitika mtundu watsopano wa magudumu electrostatic mphamvu X-ray makina. Ngakhale Vimshursta makina si ntchito kupanga mwachindunji vuto magetsi mphamvu, ndi bokosilo zakale zomwe zikusonyeza mbiri ya chitukuko cha zomangamanga ndi sayansi ndi luso patsogolo.

Mphamvu makina kapangidwe

chipangizo tichipeza zimbale ziwiri kuti atembenuza mbali zosiyana. Ntchito chikoka makina Umutu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri-Nkhata sapota. The mbale imakonzedwa zigawo akutali conductive kwa mnzake. Ndi mbale wa mbali zonse za capacitors litayamba anapanga. N'chifukwa chake makina electrostatic limatchedwa ndi capacitor. The mbale imakonzedwa converters, amene kuchotsa milandu ku zinthu zosiyana chimbale pansi kudzera maburashi lapansi. Okhometsa ndi lamanzere ndi lamanja. Kuti iwo abwere zisa anatengedwa kuchokera kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo chimbale kwaiye chizindikiro.

ndi mabanki Leiden chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, milandu anapeza pa capacitors lapansi. Iwo amatchedwa mabanki Leiden. Ndiye mwinamwake kuimba kukha wamphamvu kwambiri komanso nsakali. The elekitirodi mkati mwa aliyense capacitor chikugwirizana ndi ochititsa payokha. Maburashi, yomwe ikukhudzana bwanji ndi gawo chimbale, pamodzi ndi akalowa mkati mwa zitini za Leiden. Kapangidwe lonse ndi lero wokwera pa nthandala pulasitiki. Pamodzi ndi mabanki leydenovskimi za makina atathana m'munsi mwa mtengo. Popeza aone kulengedwa, makina electrostatic ndi manja awo zikhoza kuchitika mosavuta. Ngakhale munthu amene alibe wapadera maphunziro luso, akhoza kusonkhanitsa ndipo amapezerapo kwa zosangalatsa zake.

Ndi zochokera chikoka chomwe makina ntchito?

Kugwiritsa khama tonse zimbale ziwiri - mfundo imeneyi ndi ofunika kwambiri pa chipangizo ichi. Zotsatira za pakutchulidwa kusiyana ndi kuthekera, kenako kukha ndi nsakali anafika malo gawo zolondola. Kumene, pali chitukuko, ntchito ndi zimbale woyera, koma Mwachangu iwo chisathe. ziwembu otere nthawi zambiri ntchito mu nyumba yaing'ono maphunziro. Mtunda pakati pa zimbale mu chipangizo monga makina electrostatic, imathandiza kwambiri ndi amakhudza kwambiri pa kufuna kwa voteji zinafunika kudutsa capacitors lapansi.

ndi mfundo ya ntchito makina chiyani?

makina Electrostatic kuyambira chidali chifuniro chake (ichi ndi chiyambi cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu) lidakalipobe kusintha zambiri. Koma lingaliro zofunika anakhalabe. Maziko a kamangidwe ka makina ndi chimbale ndi mbale glued (zitsulo n'kupanga). Ndi ena mawotchi mphamvu kudzera pa galimoto lamba, iwo akhoza zimayenda mu madera osiyana zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake. Pa mbale wina wa litayamba pali mtengo positive. Iye kukopa yokha mlandu wina (zoipa). Zabwino udzadutsa kondakitala ndi maburashi (Converter), zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa elekitirodi zosiyana. Tembenuzani oyimba kuti mlandu wofanana ndi wapachiyambi. Koma iwo zidzakhudza elekitirodi ena. Popeza kuti magudumu atembenuza mbali zosiyana, milandu akukhamukira ku okhometsa. Chotero zida wooneka monga makina electrostatic, ndi mfundo za ntchito zachokera pa mfundo iyi. Pa maburashi onse chimbale, zimene sizinalembedwa zokhudzana pamwamba ndipo ili pa m'mbali, asilikali pa nthawi inayake kukhala yaikulu zedi moti airspace kusokonezeka zikachitika, ndi mphamvu ya magetsi kudumpha. N'chifukwa chake okhometsa akhoza olumikizidwa kwa capacitors zina za ubongo osiyanasiyana amene adzakupatsani kwambiri kukongola zotsatira za yatsoka a kumaliseche.