Lembani mbali ya wakale nsomba amakono cartilaginous. zizindikiro zawo

M'nkhani ino m'pofunika kuti atchule zizindikiro wakale nsomba amakono cartilaginous. Zikuphatikizapo stingrays ndi nsombazo. Ndi za iwo ndipo zina takambirana.

Nsombayi ndi kunyezimira: mudziwe ambiri

Monga tanenera kale, kalasi nsomba, gulu la cranial, oimira chabwino cha ndiwo cheza ndi nsombazo. dazeni mitundu yambiri ya kalasi ndi zotsala za magulu wakale. Monga kale mwachidwi, chifukwa chosowa mafupa sizikupanga iwo gulu la nyama ya mbiri isanayambe. Koma kwa chiwerengero cha zizindikiro ngati kugwirizana alipo.

List zizindikiro wakale

Choyamba, iwo ndi mbali monga palibe chikhodzodzo kusambira. Kachiwiri, iwo alibe gill chimakwirira okha makutu dongosolo achikale. slits onse gill Zikatero, akutsegula kunja otsegula palokha. mbali onsewa ankanena chimakhala ndi nsomba wakale. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo kukhala zoyenda zonse. Mitsempha ya magazi ndi ntchito bwino, mtima ndi magazi phirilo mawonekedwe kuti timapitiriza dzuwa la kufalitsidwa. Koma mbali ya nsombazi ndi amphamvu minofu thupi, amene amathandiza kutulutsa magazi thupi lonse, ngati mtima wa nsombazo si ndinazolowera katundu mkulu.

M'pofunika kupitiriza kusamutsa mbali zambiri wakale Kwinanso nsomba amakono cartilaginous. Chachitatu, ndi kapangidwe anatomical za thupi amachepetsa ayeziyo wa madzi, chotero kuwonjezera liwiro kuyenda. Komanso, mpweya chinsinsi chindiletsa ubwenzi wa tiziromboti kuti thupi la nsomba ndi kumlingo imatetezeka mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya.

Chachinayi, cartilaginous nsomba pakamwa kutsegula zoti transversely, kuti ndi khalidwe nsomba wakale, kutsogolo kwa amene ali m'munsi mwa ikhale pamphuno (rostrum), chichereŵechereŵe aumbike, eg ndi zina, mwachitsanzo, nsombazo. Chachisanu, thupi yokutidwa ndi mamba placoid.

Chimodzi, osati kwathunthu kutembenukira kuti atchule zizindikiro wakale nsomba amakono cartilaginous mu utumiki, ngati si kuganizira peculiarity wa kubalana awo. Chifukwa uno zambiri ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za kukhalako kuposa, nkuti, nsomba Bony, zomwe zimatulutsa masewero otetezeka kudzisamalira okha. A mbali yaikulu ya caviar akhala unfertilized. Nsombayi kwambiri ndi cheza thupi la mwana wosabadwayo amagwirizana ndi mayi pambuyo zina "Place Ana", omwe ndi ofanana ndi nyama placental. Kapena kugona kuvala wakuda chipolopolo mazira lalikulu, ndisunse iwo mu mchenga.

Kapangidwe mkati mwa nsomba m'kalasimo

Tiyeni tikambirane za dongosolo mkati mwa nsomba, sipangakhalenso amati ndi gulu la chichereŵechereŵe, a chilombo ndi owayimilira yowala a kalasi, ngati nsombazi a.

Minofu Shark dongosolo tichipeza myomer, anakamba. Myomere - zigawo minofu. Minofu ndi kochulukira aziwapatsa magazi, monga kayendedwe nsombazi - ndicho moyo. Kuti nsombazi magazi ku mtima, koma kuthamanga kwaiye mtima, sadzakhala zokwanira. Pakalibe thirakiti mkodzo ndi impso ndi mbali ya kapangidwe mkati mwa oimira awa (makamaka nsombazo kumalo ozizira). The poizoni anasambitsidwa m'mwazi ndi excreted kudzera pakhungu kunja mdani. Gill slits inali pamwamba pa thupi ndi kutsegula kwa kunja ndi mu mmero. Monga tafotokozazi: Nsombayo palibe chikhodzodzo kusambira, zimatero makamaka kwa pamwamba pa maadiresi misonkhano yakale nsombazo ano ndi kunyezimira. Kuwonjezera ntchito yake yaikulu, chiwindi amachita ngati mbali ya chikhodzodzo kusambira. Chochititsa chidwi chiwindi miyeso. Komanso, ntchito imeneyi pang'ono analanda kapamba ndi ndulu.

Pomaliza

Choncho, ife tafotokozeramu ndi kutchulidwa zizindikiro wakale wa nsomba amakono cartilaginous ali ndi utoto mbali ya dongosolo ndipo zimasintha moyo m'malo ofanana nsomba wakale.