Emergency kwachilengedwenso chilengedwe: zitsanzo. Gulu la mwadzidzidzi

zinthu Emergency amakhala ngati mavuto ofala mu dera. Chifukwa pakuwonekera kwake kungakhale opangidwa masoka, yowononga zochitika zachilengedwe kapena zinthu zina zimene zingaononge anthu m'mavuto. Makamaka zogwirizana posachedwapa pali vuto la tsoka chikhalidwe kwachilengedwenso padziko lonse.

tanthauzo

Mu mapangidwe a mtundu umenewu tsoka m'dera la umoyo wa munthu, kuli ziweto ndi mbewu poyera kuti ngozi, kuwononga umoyo ndi ntchito.

Magwero a chilengedwe zamoyo zochitika mwadzidzidzi mitundu zambiri zosiyana za matenda opatsirana. Pamene pali osakwanira kuwunika kufala kwa HIV kapena pang'onopang'ono kutenga kuthetseratu matenda miyeso zone adzakhala likunena patsogolo, kutanthauza adzakhala kachilombo zamoyo zambiri.

nkhani

Pa kuli anthu panali zitsanzo zambiri za ladziko tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: mu Ages Middle, mliri zinawonongedwa pafupifupi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za ku Ulaya, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, nthomba unapha anthu ambiri kuposa nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse. Chaka chilichonse pali mitundu yatsopano ya oopsa matenda opatsirana, ndi ena a iwo, asayansi akhala akulephera kupirira: HIV, matenda Lyme, etc ...

Mu Russia, kudziwa vuto, kupewa ndi liquidation zinthu mwadzidzidzi monga udindo zamoyo Utumiki wa polojekiti thanzi, zipatala ndi utumiki mwadzidzidzi.

Mitundu ya mwadzidzidzi. opangidwa tsoka

Zadzidzidzi anawagawira malingana gwero la chiyambi. Today anaganiza kuonetsetsa mitundu zotsatirazi:

1. Zopangidwa ndi anthu.
2. Environmental.
3. Natural.

Emergency zopangidwa, ndiko kumene kunachitika pa mafakitale, mphamvu ndi zinthu zina. Mbali Aika - anali ngozi.

Nthawi zambiri tsoka chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zida kupanga:

• galimoto ngozi, ndi ngozi ndege, sitima, zoyendera madzi;
• moto mu nyumba zogona ndi maofesi mafakitale;
• ngozi ndi ejection kuopseza zinthu mankhwala ndi nyukiliya;
• kugwa kwa nyumba;
• breakages, kuwonongeka kwa kachitidwe mphamvu;
• ngozi pa malowa limodzi amachititsa n'zodalirika wa munthu (yojambula sewerage, madzi, kutenthetsa kutali, disruptions nawonso mpweya);
• damu yopuma.

opangidwa masoka onse zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyang'aniridwa kuchepa kapena kunyalanyaza ntchito kapena amafuna chitetezo cha malo mafakitale kapena dongosolo.

zadzidzidzi Environmental

Masauzande a anthu zaka wakhala akuyesetsa kuti zikhale kuzungulira dziko, kuika m'chilengedwe utumiki wa zofuna zawo, nthawi zambiri ali kukhudza oopsa moyo wonse pa dziko. Emergency mitundu malo kugwirizana ndi kusintha kwenikweni ndipo nthawi zambiri sizingasinthe chilengedwe:

• malo ngalande, choposa mfundo kuipitsa;
• kusintha zikuchokera chilengedwe mpweya: monyanyira kale uncharacteristic nyengo, amaika zili zosafunika mu mlengalenga, chifunga m'tauni, owonjezera phokoso miyezo "Mpweya umene dzenje";
• mavuto a kuipitsa hydrosphere ndi, mwachitsanzo, zikuchokera amadzimadzi dziko: unsuitability magwero kumwa, ngalande, chipululu, amasulidwe zinyalala m'nyanja.

Mpaka zaka zingapo zapitazo, mavuto awa Pamafunika pafupifupi munthu, koma tsopano, pambuyo Chernobyl tsoka, shallowing wa Azov Sea ndi kusiyana chogwirika cha kutentha nyengo, boma la dziko ndi chidwi kupewa kupewa ndi tsoka. Mu Russia, ndalama zambiri allocated cholinga chaka.

Natural zadzidzidzi

Natural tsoka anachititsa osati kwambiri ndi zochita anthu, zochitika ambiri achilengedwe. Ngakhale nthawi zina anthu njira zina nawo pakutchulidwa masoka osiyanasiyana.

Gulu la masoka achilengedwe amatipatsa siyana zotsatirazi:

• Zivomezi kapena kuphulitsa mapiri.
• Chodabwitsa chifukwa cha njira Geological: kugumuka, mudslides, chimphepo kukokoloka, kugumuka, etc ...
• Gulu la masoka achilengedwe mulinso mavuto nyengo: Mphepo Anthufe tikuvutika, matalala, mvula, chisanu, ayezi, chipale chofewa, mkuntho wa chisanu, kutentha, chilala.
• M'madzi zowopseza: Madzi osefukira, kusefukira kwa madzi, chimphepo, kuthamanga kapena kulekana kwa ayezi, ndi zina zotero ..
• Hydrological zochitika: kulera mlingo wa madzi, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto.
• Moto wolusa.

Emergency kwachilengedwenso choyambiriracho zimagwilanso nchito kwa zachilengedwe monga chifukwa matenda opatsirana kuti kufalitsa kwa anthu, nyama ndi zomera ulimi. Kwa gulu ili, matanthauzo zotsatirazi ntchito: zosayembekezereka ya moto m'dera matenda, moyo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mliri, epizootic ndi ndondomeko epifitotichesky.

zifukwa

Pakuti aliyense mwadzidzidzi allocated magwero ake vuto. Choncho, pakuti tsoka chikhalidwe zamoyo matenda opatsirana. Iwo amayamba ndi malowedwe a thupi la zamoyo mlendo, ndipo amatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

1. Anthu, nyama ndi zomera matenda ambiri zowononga tizilombo. Khumi zapitazo kunali zikuluzikulu kufalitsa chimfine mu njira zosiyana, ndipo chaka chilichonse HIV mutates ndi Amasintha mankhwala aliwonse. Komanso, zimenezi zimaphatikizapo chiwindi, nthomba, ndi mwa matenda nyama - phazi ndi matenda mkamwa ndi glanders.
2. Chifukwa chotsatira mtundu mwadzidzidzi kwachilengedwenso - matenda (meningococcal, enteritis, kamwazi). Development wa mankhwala masiku ano zachititsa kuti kuchepa msinkhu matenda mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mtundu uwu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa mankhwala, kulimbikitsa kuteteza ndiponso kusamalira matenda bakiteriya si loopsa kwa anthu.

kasamalidwe tsoka zimadalira kudziwa zimayambitsa moto. Matenda - zimachitika kuti chikuchitika mu thupi osiyana; mliri - pamene nthenda amapatsirana chimodzi chamoyo ndi mzake.

Mlingo kufalitsa

Malinga mmene m'chiwonongeko ndi tsoka akuvutika akhoza wachinsinsi motere:

1. makhalidwe m'dera la mwadzidzidzi, masoka kapena pamene nthendayo sinafalikire kupitirira malo aang'ono, chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali zosaposa khumi anthu ndi kuwononga zinthu Sichinatsitsidwe kuposa zikwi zana.
2. Municipal - PC m'dera ndi osiyana boma chigawo kapena mzinda anakhudzidwa anthu osachepera asanu, ndipo kuwonongeka mu rubles miliyoni asanu.
3. Intermunicipal pamene zinkakhala m'dera chikuwonjezeka kufika monga zoyandikana chinthu, zikhale mudzi kapena mudzi.
4. kufunika Regional zadzidzidzi akukhala, pamene vuto si kupitirira dera limeneli.
5. Yapakati-dera.
6. Federal, kumene chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali anthu oposa mazana asanu, ndi malo kufala chimakwirira m'madera oposa awiri.

Zotsatira za zochitika mwadzidzidzi amene amadza kwachilengedwenso nthawi kuwataya ndi dera lililonse payokha. Nthawi zina pamene matenda opatsirana chiti ambiri anthu akhoza ananena tsoka mtundu wonsewo.

njira yogawa

• matenda matumbo. Kumachitika pamene kumwa zakhudzana chakudya ndi madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mbale chomwecho.
• kupuma thirakiti matenda. Chifukwa cha matenda amakhala mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi munthu wodwala.
• Infection kudzera pakhungu lakunja. Ndi chifukwa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, nyama, makoswe, nthata, pa zidutswa bala kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo.

A vuto osiyana ndi matenda amene akanafa kufalitsa pa nkhondoyo. Ngakhale ziletso pa ntchito zida zimenezi zoopsa, chikhalidwe zamoyo mwadzidzidzi uka nthawi zina mawanga otentha a dziko.

siteji kakulidwe

Environmental, masoka ndi opangidwa mwadzidzidzi pafupifupi nthawi zonse chitsanzo, womwenso mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Generation siteji, kudzikundikira kuvutika kwa njira zimenezi, a zikhalidwe ndi prerequisites kwa maonekedwe a mwadzidzidzi. Malinga ndi chiyambi cha gawo ili ukhoza kwa mphindi, maola, zaka ndi zaka. Zitsanzo: ngozi moto mu nkhalango, chitetezo chokwanira wofooka, kusowa kulamulira zinthu AIDS m'chigawo, ndi zina zotero ..
2. Chiyambi cha mwadzidzidzi. GAWO mmene ndondomeko mwambo chikuchitika. The opangidwa masoka zambiri chinthu anthu mu kwachilengedwenso - matenda chamoyo.
3. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ndondomekoyi lokha panachitika zoopsa. Pali munthu pazipita chowawa zimakhudza anthu (mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a fuluwenza).
4. Mbali chachinayi, nthawi kuwola, pamene misonkhano yapadera kuletsedwa zotsatira za mwadzidzidzi, kapena ali chifukwa zifukwa cholinga.

Liquidation kumayambira gawo lachitatu ndipo, malingana ndi mtundu wa mwadzidzidzi, zingatenge miyezi, zaka zambiri. Kovuta zilili ndi mwadzidzidzi kwachilengedwenso. Nthawi zina, zimatengera zaka kukhala, mayeso ndi kukhazikitsa mankhwala zofunika.

Dongosolo la Kupha

Emergency chikhalidwe kwachilengedwenso ndi oopsa chifukwa matenda anafalikira mofulumira kwambiri osati kuchitapo kanthu yake kungawononge kwambiri thanzi la munthu, kufikira imfa. Choncho, msonkhano wapadera wa kanthu kwa kuwonongedwa kwa mmodzi wa limasonyeza atatu mu ndondomeko ya kufala kwa matenda yapangidwa:

1. Impact pa gwero la matenda ndi disinfection ake.
2. Kupeza ndi njira kuichotsa la kufalitsa matenda.
3. Development njira kusintha asanazolowere matenda opatsirana.

Pamene mwachita bwino, zonsezi zimathandiza kuti kutanthauzira za mliri matenda, ndipo pamenepo wopereka liquidation wa zotsatira za zochitika mwadzidzidzi.

zotsatira zotheka

Mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya kulowa m'thupi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba mwachangu zikupitiriza, kuchititsa zinawonongeka kwambiri thanzi. Chaka chilichonse mu dziko, anthu ambiri amamwalira ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa fuluwenza, kapena chifukwa kuwononga chiwindi ndi matenda ena bakiteriya ziwalo.

chifukwa kungakhale mwadzidzidzi iliyonse. Ziweto ndi zomera munda ali anasonyeza matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo nawonso, angathe kutumikira monga gwero la matenda. TV umatchulidwatchulidwa zokhudza nkhumba kapena chimfine mbalame, amene adapha kapena mokakamiza anaphedwa manambala yaikulu nyama ndi makampani wavutika zinawonongeka kwambiri.

Njira kuteteza mwadzidzidzi

Kupewa mwadzidzidzi ali limatchula zake, zimadalira chitukuko cha zaumoyo ku dziko, kupezeka kwa boma. Mu Russia, chifukwa cha nyengo nkhanza pali vuto la kufalikira kwa kachilombo fuluwenza chaka, makamaka ana.

Njira yabwino yopewera matenda kapena matenda zingawonongeka kochepa, - yogwira kupewa. Ngati mankhwala wathu sititenga, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a khalidwe mu mwadzidzidzi.

Malinga ndi zimene anachita pofuna kuthana ndi matenda ndi matenda mmene kugawana ndi njira kapewedwe ka matenda kapena mliri zotsatirazi:

• Njira zoyezera. Iwo zonse akunena, ngakhale sitili pa matenda. Posachedwapa ikuchitika katemera ndi fuluwenza mu Russia, ikuchitika ambiri pakufalitsa, madokotala analimbikitsa odwala kupewa maulendo kuti zochitika zambiri anthu ndi kusunga bwino munthu ukhondo.
• ntchito Anti-mliri imachitika pa matenda misa odzipereka mu chigawo chomwe mufuna.

Fotokozani chikhalidwe cha miyeso wofunikila kukhazikitsa magulu onse ndi nyumba, pamene udindo umoyo wawo munthu aliyense amanyamula yekha.

Zitsanzo ku Russia

zana zapitazo, chimfine ophweka akhoza kunyamula mu nyengo ya moyo wa anthu zikwizikwi, koma chifukwa cha kutulukira immunomodulating ndi mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa ndi Njirazi tsoka kupewa wakhala kwambiri zosavuta. Koma lero dziko lathu m'nyengo yozizira chinayang'ana mliri pa mlingo boma, chaka chilichonse tizilombo mutate kusintha mankhwala, kotero madokotala ndi kupeza yankho latsopano.

Kuwonjezera Utumiki wa Health, ndi liquidation zotsatirapo za chikhalidwe zamoyo mwadzidzidzi mu Russia ndi chinkhoswe chonchi eg monga mankhwala Emergency. Bungweli sikuti polojekiti matenda a dziko, chimabala ulamuliro pa liquidation wa zotsatira za matenda misa, komanso kulimbikitsa malamulo onse a makhalidwe pa zochitika mwadzidzidzi, Zoneneratu ndi akufotokozera njira yatsopano yothana ndi mavuto kwachilengedwenso.

Pa nthawi imeneyi oopsa matenda opatsirana - ichi mliri, kolera, HIV, yelofiva, tizilombo matenda a chiwindi A, kamwazi, typhoid ndi fuluwenza.