Fluoroquinolones: mankhwala, zizindikiro, contraindications ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi zambiri kuchitira zosiyanasiyana matenda ntchito kupanga mankhwala antibacterial. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ambiri yaying'ono-zamoyo kukhala kukana kuti mankhwala a zachilengedwe chiyambi. Komanso, matenda opatsirana zimachitika n'kovuta kwambiri, osati nthawi yomweyo zotheka kudziwa causative wothandizira. Choncho, kuchuluka kufunika kwa mankhwala antibacterial yotakata-sipekitiramu, amene adzakhala kwambiri atengeke tizilombo. Chimodzi mwa magulu zothandiza kwambiri mankhwala ndi katundu zimenezi ndizo fluoroquinolones. formulations izi amapangidwa synthetically ndi chodziwika kuyambira 80s kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Chipatala ntchito wothandizila izi asonyeza kuti ndi zothandiza kwambiri kusiyana ambiri a antibayotiki kudziwika.

ndi fluoroquinolone Kodi

Mankhwala - mankhwala ndi ntchito antimicrobial ndi zambiri ali ndi magwero achilengedwe. Yokhala, fluoroquinolones sizikhudza opha tizilombo. Izi mankhwala kupanga anachokera ku quinolones powonjezera fluorine maatomu. Malinga chiwerengero chawo lanu osiyana nthawi Mwachangu washout.

Kamodzi mu thupi, kukonzekera fluoroquinolones anawagawira zimakhala onse kulowa fupa madzi ozama mwa nsengwa ndi ubongo magazi chotchinga, komanso maselo bakiteriya. Iwo angathe ziletsa enzyme ntchito yaikulu tizilombo popanda amene kumathera DNA kaphatikizidwe. Izi kanthu wapadera Umapha mabakiteriya.

Popeza mankhwala awa mofulumira anagawira thupi lonse, ali kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ena ambiri.

Against fluoroquinolones iliyonse tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ntchito

Izi mankhwala yotakata-sipekitiramu. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti polimbana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri galamu HIV ndi galamu alibe, mycoplasma, chlamydia, Mycobacterium TB, ena losavuta. Iwo kuwononga matumbo, Pseudomonas ndi Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, nsomba, Shigella, Listeria, meningococci ndi ena. Tcheru ndi iwo monga mabakiteriya okhudza maselo ambiri, omwe ndi zovuta kusamalira mankhwala ena.

Sanakhudzidwe ndi mankhwala amenewa osiyana bowa ndi tizilombo tina, ndi chindoko.

The mwayi wa ntchito mankhwala

matenda oopsa ambiri kuphatikizapo mankhwala ochiritsa fluoroquinolones yekha. The mankhwala ntchito kwa cholinga ichi kale, tsopano kunadetsa kukhala operewera. fluoroquinolones A poyerekeza ndi iwo mosavuta zimachitikira, mofulumira odzipereka, ndi tizilombo akadali sangathe kukhala kukana kwa iwo. Komanso, mankhwala a gulu ndi ubwino wake:

• mabakiteriya, osati kufooketsa iwo;
• nacho sipekitiramu yotakata kanthu;
• kudutsa ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala;
• kupewa chitukuko cha mantha septic;
• Iwo akhoza pamodzi ndi atumiki antibacterial;
• ndi nthawi yaitali kuswana, motero kuwonjezeka Mwachangu awo;
• kawirikawiri chifukwa zotsatira zoyipa.

Zimene ndi fluoroquinolones

Mankhwala - mankhwala amene amayambitsa zotsatira ambiri mbali. Ndipo ngakhale tsopano, tizilombo ambiri akhala sanakhudzidwe ndi ndalama zimenezi. Choncho fluoroquinolones kukhala waukulu njira kuti mankhwala mu zochizira matenda opatsirana. Ali ndi luso lapadera kuletsa kubalana wa maselo mabakiteriya kuchiwonongeko amamuponyera. Izi zikhoza kufotokoza efficacy apamwamba fluoroquinolones. Mbali yapadera ya kanthu amakhala ndi bioavailability mkulu. Iwo maola 2-3 kudutsa mu zimakhala onse, ziwalo ndi madzi a m'thupi la munthu. Mankhwalawa zichokera makamaka mkodzo. Ndipo kuli kuposa mankhwala kuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa.

zikuonetsa

Antibacterials fluoroquinolone chimagwiritsidwa ntchito matenda kuchipatala anapeza, aakulu matenda opatsirana wa kapepalako kupuma ndi dongosolo genitourinary. Ngakhale matenda akuluakulu monga tizilombo ta matenda, typhoid, nsomba, angathe kuchizidwa mosavuta. Iwo akhoza m'malo mankhwala ambiri. Fluoroquinolones ogwira zochepetsera matenda:

• chlamydia;
• chinzonono;
• opatsirana prostatitis;
• cystitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• typhoid;
• kamwazi;
• salmonellosis;
• chifuwa kapena chibayo;
• TB.

Malangizo ntchito mankhwala

Fluoroquinolones nthawi zambiri zikupezeka piritsi Fomu makonzedwe m'kamwa. Koma pali njira jekeseni mu mnofu, komanso madontho mu maso ndi makutu. Pofuna kupeza kufunika kwenikweni achire, malangizo adokotala onse ayenera kutsata ndi mlingo wa mbali ndi kumwa mankhwalawa. Mapiritsi muyenera kuonetsetsa kumwa madzi. Nkofunika kukhala imeneyi chofunika pakati Mlingo wa Mlingo awiri. Ngati izo zinachitika kuti pamene mankhwala ndi anaphonya, m'pofunika makhwalawa posachedwapa, koma osati pa nthawi yomweyo ndi mlingo lotsatira.

Pamene kulandira mankhwala fluoroquinolone ayenera malangizo adokotala za ngakhale awo ndi mankhwala ena, chifukwa ena mwa iwo angathe kuchepetsa zotsatira antibacterial ndi kuonjezera kuthekera mavuto. Iwo ali osavomerezeka pa chithandizo kwa nthawi yaitali kuyalutsidwa kulongosola dzuwa.

malangizo Special kulandira

Amene ali ndi njira zabwino kwambiri fluoroquinolones antibacterial amaonedwa. mankhwala awa analamula kuti magulu ambiri odwala amene ali contraindicated kwa maantibayotiki ena. Koma zofooka ntchito zawo. Fluoroquinolones akuletsedwa milandu zotsatirazi:

• ana kwa zaka 3, ndi kwa ena, mbadwo watsopano wa mankhwala - zaka 2, koma ubwana ndi unyamata, iwo ntchito pokha pokha kwambiri;
• pa mimba ndi yoyamwitsa;
• atherosclerosis ziwiya oziziritsa;
• ndi hypersensitive kuti zigawo za kukonzekera.

Pamene kugawa fluoroquinolones antitsidnymi zikutanthauza pamodzi ndi mogwira awo amachepetsa, tiyenera yopuma maola angapo pakati pawo. Tikamagwiritsa ntchito zida zimenezi pamodzi ndi methylxanthines kapena kukonzekera chitsulo, chinawonjezeka kawopsedwe wa quinolones.

chingachitike mbali

Onse wothandizila antibacterial mosavuta analekerera fluoroquinolones. mankhwala akhoza apo kuyambitsa zotsatira ngati mbali:

• ululu m'mimba, kutentha, matenda matumbo;
• mutu, chizungulire;
• matenda tulo;
• kupweteka, kenaka utentha mamba ndi minofu;
• utachepa masomphenya kapena kumva;
• tachycardia;
• chakhungu chiwindi kapena ntchito impso;
• matenda a mafangasi a khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous;
• kuchuluka kudziwa UV walitsa.

gulu la fluoroquinolones

Pali tsopano mibadwo inayi ya mankhwala mu gulu ili. Anayamba lithe mu 60s, koma ife timadziwa kuti iwo ali mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma. Kuonetsetsa 4 fluoroquinolones, malingana ndi nthawi ya maonekedwe ndi dzuwa.

• M'badwo woyamba - zikutanthauza ntchito otsika ndi mabakiteriya galamu HIV. Zikuphatikizapo fluoroquinolones kukonzekera munali asidi oxolinic kapena nalidixic.
• mankhwala wachiwiri m'badwo mwakhama ndi mabakiteriya tcheru ndi penicillin. Iwo ntchito pa tizilombo atypical. Nthawi zambiri matenda akulu wa kapepalako kupuma ndi kapepala m'mimba, fluoroquinolones awa ntchito. Mankhwala gulu Zina "Ciprofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "lomefloxacin" ndi ena.
• 3 fluoroquinolones m'badwo amatchedwanso kupuma, ngati iwo ali makamaka polimbana ndi matenda a thirakiti chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi kupuma. Izi "sparfloxacin" ndi "Levofloxacin".
• 4 M'badwo wa mankhwala gulu anaonekera posachedwapa. Iwo yogwira pa matenda anaerobic. Pakadali pano, mankhwala amodzi okha amene afala - "Moxifloxacin".

Kukonzekera 1 ndi 2 m'badwo fluoroquinolones

Kutchula koyamba za mankhwala gulu limeneli lili mu 60 ntchentche za zana la 20. Choyamba ntchito pa matenda a kumaliseche thirakiti matumbo fluoroquinolones amenewa. Mankhwala, amene tsopano zodziwika kokha kwa mndandanda wa madokotala, popeza pafupifupi si ntchito, ndi dzuwa otsika. mankhwala zochokera asidi nalidixic "Negroes", "nevigramon". Izi mankhwala loyamba m'badwo otchedwa quinolones. Amayambitsa kwambiri mavuto, ndi mabakiteriya ambiri amamva chisoni ndi iwo.

Koma kuphunzira mankhwala mudakhala, ndipo patapita zaka 20 panali 2 m'badwo fluoroquinolones. Iwo ali dzina lawo chifukwa oyamba mu molekyulu maatomu quinolone fluorine. Izi kuchuluka efficacy ndi zotsatira yafupika mbali. Kwa fluoroquinolones m'badwo wachiwiri ndi:

• "Ciprofloxacin", wodziwika mu maina "Tsiprobay" kapena "tsiprinol";
• "Norfloxacin" kapena "nolitsin".
• "Ofloxacin", Lomwe lingathe kukopedwa pa dzina "Ofloksin" kapena "tarivid".
• "Pefloksatsina" kapena "Abaktal".
• "Lomefloxacin" kapena "maksakvin".

Formulations 3 mibadwo 4

Maphunziro a mankhwala amenewa anapitiriza. Ndipo tsopano fluoroquinolones ano amaonedwa yabwino kwambiri. Mndandanda wa mankhwala 3 mibadwo 4 akadali lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa sanayambebe kukomoka anayesedwa ndi wovomerezeka ntchito. Ali ndi dzuwa mkulu ndi luso mofulumira kudutsa ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala. Choncho, mankhwala ntchito pa matenda akulu pa mundawo kupuma thirakiti mkodzo, kapepala m'mimba, khungu, ndi zimfundo. Zikuphatikizapo "Levofloxacin", lotchedwa "Tavanic". Ndi othandiza ngakhale zochizira matenda a anthrax. Pakuti mankhwala chachinayi m'badwo fluoroquinolones "Moxifloxacin" amatanthauza (kapena "Aveloks"), womwe umagwira ndi mabakiteriya anaerobic. Izi wothandizila latsopano lopanda deficiencies bolshintva mankhwala ena, bwino analekerera ndi odwala ndi othandiza kwambiri.

Fluoroquinolones - ali mwa njira kwambiri zochizira matenda aakulu opatsirana. Koma iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mankhwala dokotala.