Foriya mndandanda: mbiriyakale ayambe limagwirira masamu kuti chitukuko cha sayansi

Foriya mndandanda - maganizo amenewa amangosankha osankhidwa ntchito kwa nthawi mu mzere. Mu mau njira iyi akutchedwa amafotokozera kuwonjezeka pa maziko orthogonal. Patsogolo ntchito mu Foriya angapo ndithu chida champhamvu kwa kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana chifukwa zimatha kusintha mu kusakanikirana, zosiyanasiyana, komanso olakwika mtsutso akuti ndi convolution.

Munthu amene si bwino masamu apamwamba, komanso ndi ntchito za French wasayansi Foriya, ayenera sangazindikire kuti 'tithe "ndi zimene akuchita. Koma kusintha kumeneku ndi molimba analowa miyoyo yathu. Izo ntchito osati masamu komanso asayansi, madokotala, zakuthambo, seismologists, oceanographers ndi ena. Tiyeni tione ndi ntchito za kwambiri French wasayansi amene anapanga chotulukira, patsogolo pa nthawi yake.

Mwamuna ndi Foriya kusandutsa

Foriya mndandanda ndi imodzi mwa njira (pamodzi ndi kusanthula ndi ena) za Foriya asinthe. ndondomeko izi zimachitika nthawi iliyonse munthu amamva kulira iliyonse. makutu athu basi otembenuka phokoso mafunde. Oscillatory kayendedwe ka particles pulayimale mu sing'anga zotanuka ndi kukodzedwa mndandanda (a sipekitiramu) makhalidwe buku motsatizana kwa malankhulidwe a pamwamba osiyana. Kenako, ubongo otembenuka deta izi mu phokoso bwino kwa ife. Zonsezi kuwonjezera chilakolako chathu kapena kukomoka yokha, koma kuti kumvetsa zomwe patenga zaka zingapo kuphunzira masamu apamwamba.

Werengani zambiri za Foriya kusandutsa

The Foriya kusandutsa angathe kuchitidwa mawunikidwe, manambala ndi njira zina. Foriya mndandanda ndi numeral ndondomeko decomposing njira iliyonse oscillatory - kuchokera mafunde nyanja ndi mafunde a kuunika m'zinthu dzuwa (ndi zinthu zina zakuthambo) ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira izi masamu, n'zotheka disassemble ntchito, woimira njira iliyonse oscillatory angapo zigawo zikuluzikulu sinusoidal kuti apite ku osachepera kuti pazipita ndi mosemphanitsa. The Foriya asinthe ndi ntchito pofotokoza gawo ndi matalikidwe a sinusoids lolingana pafupipafupi makamaka. Zimenezi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pothetsa ndi maikwezhoni zovuta amene akufotokoza njira zazikulu zikuchitika pansi zochita za kutentha, kuwala kapena mphamvu ya magetsi. Komanso, zakuti Foriya ntchito kusiyanitsa zigawo DC mu waveforms zovuta kukhala kotheka kuti molondola kumasulira kuzipenya experimental mankhwala, umagwirira ndi zakuthambo.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Chiyambi bambo chiphunzitso ichi ndi French masamu Zhan Batist Zhozef Fure. dzina lake kenako ndi kusintha umatchedwa. Poyamba, asayansi ntchito njira kuphunzira ndi kufotokoza njira ya madutsidwe matenthedwe - kutentha kafalitsidwe mu zolimba. Foriya adati koyamba osasamba kufalitsa yoweyula matenthedwe akhoza decomposed mu sinusoid yosavuta, uliwonse ndi kutentha kwake osachepera ndi pazipita, komanso gawo ake. Choncho aliyense chigawo oterowo kuchokera osachepera kuti pazipita ndi mosemphanitsa. Ntchito masamu kuti limafotokoza chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi nsonga ya pamapindikira, komanso gawo lililonse amgwirizano, wotchedwa Foriya kusandutsa wa yogawa kutentha kwa Mawu. Mlembi wa chiphunzitso cha kuchepa chonse kugawa ntchito kuti n'zovuta kufotokoza masamu, mu zosavuta kusamalira angapo ntchito nthawi ya sine ndi cosine, kuchuluka kwa kupereka yogawa koyamba.

Mfundo za kutembenuka ndi maganizo a m'nthawi

M'nthawi ya sayansi ndi - ndi masamu otsogolera m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi - sanamvere chiphunzitso chimenechi. The chokana chachikulu chinali kukondweretsa Foriya kuti ntchito discontinuous kufotokoza mzere wolunjika kapena pamapindikira wang'ambidwa, akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati Uwerenge mawu sinusoidal amene mosalekeza. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani "njila" Heaviside: phindu lake ndi ziro kumanzere kwa kusiyana ndi wina kumanja. nchito imeneyi imafotokoza kudalira ya magetsi pa nthawi variable akuluakulu kutsekedwa. chiphunzitso Contemporary pa nthawi imeneyo, anali asanawerengepo wakumana ndi lotereli, pamene mawu discontinuous kuti kutchulidwa ndi osakaniza mosalekeza, ntchito wamba, monga kwakukulu kwambiri, sine, liniya kapena quadratic.

Kodi mukusautsika ndi masamu French mchiphunzitso cha Foriya?

Ndipotu, ngati masamu zinali zolondola kukangana ndiye, mwachidule ndi wopandamalire trigonometric Foriya zino, n'zotheka kupeza kupyorera pakudziwa zoona za njira ya mawu, ngakhale ali ndi njira zofanana. Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mawu zikuoneka chotheka. Koma ngakhale kukaikira konse, masamu ambiri awonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuphunzira zodabwitsazi, kusunthira zoposa maphunziro matenthedwe conduction. Komabe, asayansi ambiri anapitiriza zowawa funso kuti: "Kodi Uwerenge mndandanda sine yoweyula lokhazikika pa mtengo chenicheni cha ntchito yake discontinuous"

Mgwirizano wa Foriya mndandanda: Mwachitsanzo

Nkhani ya mgwirizano limatuluka nthawi iliyonse muyenera chimangirizo za mndandanda wopandamalire a manambala. tione chitsanzo cha chidziwitso cha zodabwitsazi. Kodi inu munayamba kufika ku khoma, ngati sitepe iliyonse ndi theka m'mbuyomo? Tinene kuti muli mamita awiri kuchokera cholinga, sitepe yoyamba kuyandikira pafupi theka, wotsatira - chilemba cha firii kotala, ndipo pambuyo wachisanu, inu Adzagonjetsa pafupifupi 97 peresenti ya njira. Komabe, ziribe kanthu momwe njira zambiri inu mwachita ngakhale, chandamale anafuna mufike mu anasiyiratu tanthauzo masamu. Kugwiritsa kuwerengetsera n'zosangalatsa kumva, ife tikhoza kutsimikiza kuti mapeto akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi mtunda amangosankha yaing'ono anapatsidwa. Ichi ndi lofanana ndi umboni akuonetsera kuti phindu okwana theka limodzi, wachinayi, ndi zina zotero. E. Kodi amakonda kukhala ogwirizana.

Nkhani ya mgwirizano: adzabwere, kapena chida cha Ambuye Kelvin

Mobwerezabwereza funso linauka m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, pamene mndandanda Foriya ankagwiritsa ntchito kulosera mphamvu ya ebbs ndi utuluke. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Ambuye Kelvin kupangidwa chipangizo ndi analogi kompyuta amene amaloledwa oyendetsa bulu ndi sitima zapamadzi polojekiti ndi chodabwitsa achilengedwe. limagwirira kumatanthauza akonzedwa Izi magawo ndi amplitudes wa msinkhu gome la mafunde ndi mphindi lolingana nthawi mosamala kuyeza pa gombe chaka chonse. Aliyense chizindikiro ndi sinusoidal chigawo akuti mafunde pamwamba ndipo anali mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse. Zotsatira muyeso ndi athandizira kwa chipangizo kompyuta Lord Kelvin, synthesizing pamapindikira kuti ananeneratu msinkhu wa madzi ndi ntchito ya chaka chotsatira. Posachedwapa, zokhotakhota izi zidakwezekanso kwa madoko onse a dziko.

Ndipo ngati njira lidzasweka ntchito discontinuous?

Pa nthawi imeneyo, izo zinkawoneka zoonekeratu kuti chipangizo akuneneratu yoweyula osefukira, ndi mbali zambiri za nkhaniyi mukhoza kuwerengera ambiri magawo ndi amplitudes, ndi kupereka kuneneratu molondola kwambiri. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti ndondomeko izi silinkachitidwa milandu kumene mawu osefukira kuti adzakhala apanga zopezeka kulumpha lakuthwa, kuti ilipo ndi discontinuous. Kukachitika kuti zida kulowa deta ku gome la mfundo nthawi, linaŵerengera Foriya koefishienti ochepa. Akuchira ntchito choyambirira chifukwa mbali sinusoidal (malinga ndi koefishienti anapeza). Kulakwika pakati pa oyambirira ndi mawu ankamangidwanso angathe kuyeza pa mfundo iliyonse. Pamene anapezazo ndi kubwereza ndi kufananitsa Tingaone kuti mtengo wa cholakwa chachikulu si yafupika. Komabe, iwo isanafalikire mu dera lolingana mpaka chophukacho, ndipo mfundo ina amakonda ziro. Mu 1899, chifukwa ichi lidatsirizika theoretically Yoswa Willard Gibbs a University Yale.

Mgwirizano wa Foriya mndandanda ndi chitukuko cha masamu wonse

Foriya kusanthula siligwira ntchito kwa mawu okhala ndi chiwerengero wopandamalire wa bursts pa imeneyi zina. Ambiri mndandanda Foriya, ngati ntchito choyambirira ukufanizidwa ndi chifukwa cha miyezo leni thupi, nthawi zonse converge. Mafunso a mgwirizano wa ndondomekoyi makalasi yeniyeni ntchito zinachititsa kuti nthambi yatsopano ya masamu, monga chiphunzitso cha ntchito zowombetsa mkota. Iwo amagwirizana ndi mayina monga Schwartz, J .. Mikusiński ndi J. Temple. Mu chiphunzitso ichi, ndi bwino yeniyeni ongolankhula maziko kunena wakhazikitsidwa ngati Dirac ankadziwana ntchito (limafotokoza m'chigawo cha m'dera limodzi, anaikira mu m'dera kakang'ono ka mfundo) ndi "njila" Heaviside. Kupyolera mu ntchito iyi Foriya mndandanda anakhala applicable chifukwa kuthetsa maikwezhoni ndi mavuto, omwe amakhudza mfundo mwachilengedwe: mfundo mlandu, mfundo misa, dipoles maginito, ndi katundu kuikapo maganizo pa mtengo wa.

njira Foriya

Foriya zino, malinga ndi mfundo za kuwasokoneza, kuyamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitundu zovuta chosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha otaya kutentha chifukwa ndimeyi ake mwa zopinga zosiyanasiyana kutentha chimateteza zakuthupi mawonekedwe osasamba kapenanso kusintha nthaka pamwamba - chivomezi, kusintha mu kanjira wa thupi lakumwamba - chikoka ya mapulaneti. Childs, izi maikwezhoni kufotokoza chakale yosavuta dongosolo pulayimale anathana aliyense timaganiza payekha. Foriya zasonyeza kuti njira yosavuta yomwe mwachidule ngati zinthu zovuta kwambiri. M'chilankhulo cha masamu, Foriya mndandanda - ndi njira ya ku kuzipeleka kwa mawu Uwerenge amgwirizano - cosine ndi mafunde sine. Choncho, kusanthula izi imatchedwanso pansi pa dzina "amgwirizano kusanthula".

Foriya mndandanda - njira yabwino kwa "makompyuta"

Isanafike chilengedwe makompyuta Foriya njira ndi chida bwino mu nkhokwe ya asayansi ntchito ndi funde chikhalidwe cha dziko lathu. Foriya mndandanda mu mawonekedwe zovuta limakupatsani osati kuthetsa mavuto osavuta omwe ali amenable kutsogolera ntchito ya malamulo Newton wa zimango, komanso maikwezhoni ofunika. Ambiri mwa atulukira Newtonian sayansi m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi anakhala zotheka chifukwa njira Foriya.

Foriya mndandanda lero

Ndi chitukuko cha Foriya kusandutsa makompyuta amaimirira ku gawo lina. Njira imeneyi litakhazi- mizu pafupifupi minda yonse ya sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, zomvetsera digito ndi mavidiyo. kukhazikitsa latheka yekha chifukwa cha chiphunzitso anayamba ndi masamu French m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Choncho, zakuti Foriya mu mawonekedwe zovuta walola kuti yojambula mu kuphunzira mlengalenga. Komanso, zakhudza kuphunzira sayansi ya zipangizo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi madzi, zowulutsira mayikirowevu, oceanography, Rada, seismology.

Trigonometric Foriya mndandanda

Mu masamu, mndandanda Foriya ndi njira woimira umasinthasintha ntchito zovuta monga Uwerenge chosavuta. Nthawi ambiri, chiwerengero cha mawu akhoza kukhala wopandamalire. Kwakukulu chiwerengero anayesedwa mu mawerengedwe a, molondola kwambiri chifukwa komaliza analandira. The ntchito ambiri cosine yosavuta trigonometric kapena ntchito sine. Pankhaniyi, zakuti Foriya amatchedwa trigonometric, ndi kusankha mawu ngati - amgwirizano kuwonongeka. Njira imeneyi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu masamu. Choyamba, zakuti trigonometric amapereka njira fano, komanso kuphunzira ntchito, ndi unit waukulu wa chiphunzitso. Komanso, kumatithandiza kuthetsa angapo mavuto sayansi masamu. Pomaliza, chiphunzitso chimenechi chathandiza kuti chitukuko cha kusanthula masamu, izo wafunsira angapo nthambi yofunika kwambiri sayansi masamu (chiphunzitso cha integrals, chiphunzitso cha ntchito nthawi). Komanso, poyambira chitukuko cha izi ziphunzitso: akanema, ntchito za variable weniweni, kusanthula zinchito, ndiponso anaika maziko kusanthula amgwirizano.