Thunthu anthu: kapangidwe ka dzanja

Matenda a dzanja imavuta kwambiri. Choncho, mitsempha, mitsempha, mitsempha ndi nthambi ndi zonse kuwoloka mzake, ndi zopezera tendons ndi Mitsemphayi kanthu lamulo la ubongo. Komanso, n'zosavuta zosinthira ndi kudula.   Kapangidwe ka dzanja zikusonyeza kupsyinjika wamkulu pa minofu, chifukwa masana munthu limapanga zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe, ndi chikhalidwe chawo zimadalira dzanja.

Zonsezi zovuta dongosolo dzanja anaphimba zikopa, amene kumakutetezaninso ake ku mabakiteriya poizoni ndi cheza. Tikumbukenso kuti madzi, amatha kukhala ndi zina kutentha thupi ndi deta kwenikweni kuti zichokera kunja, kotero kapangidwe ndi dzanja Timatha mwatsatanetsatane kupezerera zinthu anthu amene ojambula dzanja.

M'munsi wosanjikiza wa khungu ndi kumbuyo kwa burashi woonda, kotero manja ndi kuzizira kawirikawiri kuposa matupi ena. The dermis kumbali kumbuyo ali pang'ono thukuta ndi zopangitsa sebaceous, nchifukwa chake khungu kupukuta kunja mofulumira. Izi wosanjikiza khungu limapangidwa misempha zambiri, lymph ndi mitsempha, komanso kolajeni ndi elastin kuti ndizipange izo cholimba ndiponso ndinapirira. Komabe, kuwala imene likulowerera dermis, ali kungasokoneze mapulotini awiri awa, kotero khungu dzanja wotaya elasticity, ndi makwinya ake mofulumira.

Kapangidwe ka dzanja la munthu lili ndi zina zapadera. Choncho, maselo yotulutsa melanin ili mu wosanjikiza kunsi kwa khungu. Chifukwa thereto khungu zimatenga kuwala, potero popewa malowedwe ake mu dermis lapansi. Ngati dzuŵa ndi zotsatira wosatha pa khungu, kumabweretsa mapangidwe mawanga zaka.

Kapangidwe ka dzanja la munthu, kuphatikizapo dzanja, akhoza kuonedwa ngati mutu osiyana. Iwo amakhala ndi mafupa twente-seveni kuti mwangwiro kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo, ndi tendons, minofu Ufumuyo mafupa.

Tikapenda mafupa a burashi tikhoza kusiyanitsa pano eyiti mafupa kuti apange polumikizira, mafupa asanu kupanga pastern (dzanja), ndi mafupa khumi kupanga phalanges.

mafupa Carpal tichipeza mizere iwiri ya mafupa anayi. Mzere woyamba zikuphatikizapo scaphoid ndi lunate mafupa, komanso zitatu konsekonse ndipo pisiform. Chachiwiri mzere - trapezoid fupa, capitate ndi hamate fupa.

Mafupa dzanja zigwirizana wa mutu m'munsi (knuckle) ndi thupi. Mafupa a zala zigwirizana phalanges atatu, koma chala chachikulu (ali phalanges awiri).

Poganizira kapangidwe ka dzanja Tikumbukenso kuti minofu omwe amalamulira dzanja ndi dzanja, ndithu kwambiri. Iwo anawagawa kutsogolo (udindo flexion), kumbuyo (udindo kutambasuka) ndi minofu nacho (kuthandiza kugwira kayendedwe ka zala).

Dzanja amachita ntchito zotsatirazi: Kumvetsa, momveka kayendedwe yolongosoka, kumva kulasalasa.

Motero, dzanja Ufumuyo kwa thupi mothandizidwa ndi mafupa, minofu ndi mafupa, ndi tichipeza zigawo zitatu: ndi mkono, mapewa ndi dzanja. Kupinda pa dzanja chigongono amapereka sayenda mkulu ndi magwiridwe, kotero ife tikhoza kuchita zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe.

Tikumbukenso kuti malekezero a zala ndi maselo kwenikweni, imene munthu amaphunzira dziko ndi kukhudza, nchifukwa chake iwo ali tcheru ululu. Kuteteza misomali awo kulibe oimira nyanga mbale ongokhala keratin, keratin kupitirira khungu. Choncho, ndi porous, molimbika ndi zochepa zitunda pa kukhudzana ndi madzi.

Kapangidwe ka manja zimathandiza munthu kudziwa dziko momuzungulira kudzera kukhudza ndi kusintha zinthu, zomwe zimachititsa kuti osiyana mitundu ina zolengedwa zoyamwitsa.