The Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa zakudya. Chikhazikitso cha Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa thanzi

Chakudya - chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za thanzi, ntchito ndi khalidwe la moyo. Koma, kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zonsezi akuyendera, m'pofunika yake chakudya thupi ndi zinthu zina mu chiwerengero bwino ndi buku. Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa thanzi amaphunzira njira imene zikuchokera chakudya anthu akhale kotani pamafunika mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere kuti uziyenda mulingo woyenera. Komanso, nthambi ili la sayansi lonena za njira ndi nthawi chakudya, buku ake, ndipo thupi katundu.

chakudya

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa chakudya zakudya anthu anapereka otsogolera mu kagayidwe mphamvu. Chifukwa cha iwo, munthu amalandira chakudya kudya mphamvu ndi mphamvu, kuphatikizapo ntchito maganizo. Chakudya ntchito zingapo zofunika:

• pulasitiki (mbali ya minofu ndi ziwalo zosiyana);
• zolimbana (musalole kudziunjikira mafuta zochita makutidwe ndi okosijeni ketones);
• toning (njira mwakhama wamanjenje dongosolo);
• detoxification (achire wonunkha mankhwala).

Mankhwala kapangidwe chiŵerengero cha hydrogen ndi mpweya maatomu ofanana mamolekyulu madzi.

zakudya zopezeka mitundu itatu ya chakudya:

• mankhwala monosaccharide (womwe shuga ndi fructose);
• pawiri oligosaccharide (womwe saccharose, lactose ndi maltose);
• mankhwala polysaccharide (wowuma likuimira glycogen, mapadi ndi pectin zinthu).

Magwero a chakudya - makamaka chomera chakudya: zipatso, masamba, dzinthu, etc ...

mafuta

Kuweta Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi ukhondo chakudya muli gawo pa mafuta monga za zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika chakudya, chifukwa cha phindu mphamvu kawiri monga mkulu kuposa kuti mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Lipids ali mbali ya nyumba selo ndi njira nawo ntchito yomanga.

Only mu kukhalapo kwa mafuta, chakuyimisidwa nchito ndi mayamwidwe a mavitamini A, D ndi E. The zamadzimadzi mankhwala a lino mankhwala biologically yogwira: tocopherol, lecithin, mafuta asidi sterol. Kusintha kakomedwe ka chakudya ndi kuonjezera mtengo zakudya zake n'zotheka ndi Kuwonjezera wa mafuta.

Mafuta mu zakudya - ndi zoona, mankhwala ofunika wa glycerine ndi mafuta zidulo. Recent m'magulu awiri: zimalimbikitsa ndi unsaturated. kufunika Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi mphamvu kwambiri kwachilengedwenso amachotsa polyunsaturated mafuta zidulo, anasonyeza kuti mavitamini.

Lipids mu zakudya za nyama ndi kuperekedwa mu mafuta zidulo zimalimbikitsa (nkhumba, ng'ombe, nkhosa, etc ...) Mu mbewu - unsaturated (mafuta, mtedza, mbeu).

mapulotini

Chikhazikitso cha Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa mapulotini zakudya ikhale chikhalidwe kofunika moyo. Inamangidwa maselo onse ndipo zimakhala mu thupi la munthu. Ntchito ya mapuloteni ndi osiyanasiyana: pulasitiki, ndi chothandizira, amene imabereka, kuteteza, antitoxic, mayendedwe ndi ena.

Mankhwala mapuloteni nitrogenous ndi ma polima zovuta wapangidwa amino zidulo 25 mitundu ya anapereka chakudya. Ambiri a iwo ankaimba ndi thupi (mosinthana), ena amabwera okha chakudya (n'kofunika).

Ukhondo ndi zakudya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa nkhani kufunika kwa mankhwala mapuloteni, makamaka chimene muli angwiro mapuloteni, ndi moyenera kwa amino asidi zikuchokera. Makamaka oyenera pa nkhani imeneyi ndi mankhwala chiyambi nyama (nyama, mazira, mkaka). Bzalani mapuloteni kawirikawiri chofunika zofunika kwa amino asidi zovuta (soya, buckwheat, nyemba, chinangwa, ndi zina zotero. D.).

macronutrients

Chakudya ndizosowa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ankaona macrocells ngati zinthu zofunika uziyenda yachibadwa ya thupi nawo kagayidwe a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Makamaka zofunika ndi zipangizo zomangira nyumba mafupa funika kashiamu ndi phosphorous.

Ndi macroelements ndi:

• kashiamu (mkaka, tchizi, tchizi);
• phosphorous (nsomba, nyama, buledi, tchizi, nyemba, dzinthu);
• mankhwala enaake a (mikate, dzinthu, nyemba, mtedza);
• ndi sodium (sodium wochuluka mchere);
• potaziyamu (mbatata, maapulo, nyemba, nandolo);
• chloro (mkate, mchere);
• sulfure (nyama, nsomba, mazira).

Chakuchepa kwa macronutrients kumayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana ziwalo ndi kachitidwe, makamaka zokhudza mafupa ndi mitsempha.

Micronutrients

zinthu kufufuza kuchita angapo ntchito yeniyeni, chifukwa ntchito akadakwanitsira thupi lonse ndi ziwalo zake payekha.

Gulu la kufufuza zinthu monga:

• chitsulo (nyama chiwindi, buckwheat);
• nthaka (chiwindi, nyemba);
• Ayodini (Seaweed, mafuta m'nyanja zikuluzikulu chiwindi, nyanja nsomba);
• fluoro (nyanja nsomba, madzi, teas).

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa lolunjika pa chakudya zakudya gulu ndi nambala okwanira macro- ndi micronutrients koyenera kukhala ndi thanzi.

mavitamini

Mu buku "Biology. Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa Zakudya "(kalasi 7) mudziwe mavitamini anapereka magawo angapo. udindo wawo ntchito yofunika thupi sitingalephere kukambapo. zinthu izi yogwira alipo mu michere timadzi nawo njira kagayidwe kachakudya, kupereka kugwirizana mu matupi ndi kachitidwe.

Mavitamini si opangidwa ndi thupi, kotero ndikofunika wambiri awo zakudya. Chakuchepa kumabweretsa maonekedwe a matenda, kutopa, kuchepa Mwachangu ndi chitetezo chokwanira.

A chakudya chamagulu ayenera muli mavitamini zotsatirazi:

• A - kuthandiza thanzi ndi kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa khungu, zithunzi acuity, chitetezo chokwanira (magwero: kaloti, mazira, mkaka, hering'i, chiwindi);
• B ₁ - zipangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ndi mitsempha ulusi, ulimi wa mphamvu (magwero: mpunga, nyama, nyemba, mtedza);
• B ₂ - imayendetsa kukula ndi mphamvu kagayidwe (magwero: dzira yolk, nkhuku, nsomba, yisiti);
• B ₆ - amathandiza metabolize chakudya ndi mafuta, amathandiza zochita enzymatic (Sources: mbatata, nsomba, nyama, lonse tirigu mkate, masamba);
• B ₁₂ - chindiletsa kuchepa magazi, matenda ya ubongo (magwero: nsomba, mkaka, nyama, mazira);
• C - amathandiza chitetezo cha m'thupi, mano wathanzi, khungu ndi mafupa (magwero: malalanje, mandimu, wakuda currants, ananyamuka m'chiuno, tsabola wokoma);
• D - amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe calcium, kuchuluka kwa mano ndi zikhadabo (magwero: nsomba mafuta, mkaka);
• E - amateteza thupi ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni pa mlingo ma kumalimbikitsa khungu kusinthika (magwero: nyama, masamba mafuta, dzinthu).

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa thanzi kumafuna zakudya za mavitamini mu mawonekedwe a kachitidwe wapadera, zogwirizana ndi msinkhu ndi moyo wa munthu.

chakudya ukhondo

Kuwonjezera kutenga nkhani zikuchokera microbiological wa mankhwala, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa chakudya - chakudya ukhondo ndi khalidwe ukhondo. mfundo zake zikhoza umaimiridwa ndi malamulo otsatirawa:

1. The zakudya ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana.
2. Tsiku lililonse, kangapo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ufa, dzinthu kapena mbatata.
3. Zonse zolimbitsa thupi ndi zofunika.
4. Kodi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi tsiku.
5. Amafuna mbiri yosatha ya mafuta chakudya wokha m'malo a ziweto mbewu.
6. Musamakonde kudya shuga woyengedwa.
7. Musaononge Kuwonjezera mchere chakudya.

Kuphika chakudya chiyenera kupereka chitetezo ndi pazipita kuteteza zothandiza katundu wa mankhwala (makamaka kuphika, kuphatikizapo steaming, kuphika, kuphika mu uvuni mayikirowevu).

Compliance ndi malamulo yosavuta adzasintha khalidwe la chakudya.

chakudya

Funso lina lofunika, omwe amachita ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ya zakudya, - sayansi ya zakudya. Mu makhalidwe abwino mafakitale chiyenera kulinganizidwa m'njira kuti zakudya mtengo wa zapansi zopangira kuchuluka. Phindu lenileni la mankhwala kudzayesedwa osati zili zakudya, komanso ndi mmene iwo akhoza kutengera ndi thupi. Vutoli chikugwirizana ndi onse chimbudzi ndi chiwerengero cha njira zina zokhudza thupi.

Ngakhale onse, izo kukhazikika bwino kuti apamwamba chakudya m'mimba kuposa chosemphana ndi opangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo wovunda. The chokoma ndi kulakalaka chakudya, kwambiri zothandiza adzakhala thupi. Mfundo imeneyi tiyenera ndondomeko ya zakudya.

ndizosowa ukhondo

The zili zomanga thupi, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere kuganizira tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, zakudya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Zimagwira amadziwikanso lolunjika pa zomwe malamulo a ukhondo pokonza ndi kumwa chakudya. Amachenjeza kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu kutchulidwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awa, kudzipheralo poyizoni chakudya ndi chiwerengero cha matenda.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa zinthu mwaukhondo pokonzekera chakudya establishments Catering. The mkulu mlingo wa ukhondo wa antchito amakhudza chikhalidwe cha mogwirizana ndi makasitomala.

Malamulo a kayendetsedwe ka munthu ukhondo zosowa ndi zofunika zina za manja, pakamwa, ovololo, zinthu opareshoni bungwe, zonse mayeso zachipatala la antchito.

ukhondo wa munthu aliyense pamene kudya kumaphatikizapo kusamba bwino manja, koma mwa kufunika, ndi wodzala thupi zovala ukhondo, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi akonzedwa munthu wa mbale. Mu kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana ayenera kucheza ndi ena.

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa zakudya monga mwambo wa sayansi

Mwambo "Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa Zakudya" anaphunzitsa mwachidule mu sukulu zasekondale, kufalitsidwa - mabungwe katswiri wa maphunziro. Pamafunikanso kuphunzira kachitidwe thupi, chakudya okhudzana, zachilengedwe ndi thanzi makhalidwe a zakudya anthu, chimbudzi ndizosowa. A mbali yaikulu kumene zoyenera kuphunzira zakudya, mfundo za kukafola zakudya, ukhondo ndi ukhondo mu kukonzekera, processing ndi kusunga mankhwala. Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa a zakudya ndi ndizosowa MALONDA - chomaliza thematic gawo, kuphimba chigawo chuma vuto.