History Museum (Kaluga) adiresi, maola ntchito. Kaluga: zokopa

History Museum (Kaluga) ali kusonkhanitsa chuma cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, zomwe zambiri zinalembedwa m'ma 17. Chiwerengero cha zinthu kwa nthawi yaitali wadutsa 100 zikwi zinthu. Mu chiyambi chake m'nyumbayi wanyamula nthambi khumi ndi chisankho womulera mu 2016 anasamukira ku udindo wa United Museum.

M'nyumbayi wamkulu wa kuphunzira m'dera

History Museum (Kaluga) unakhazikitsidwa mu 1897. Kuti pamalo inatenga mmodzi wa nyumba wamkulu mu mzinda - Nyumba imene kamodzi a wamalonda Korobov (m'ma 17). Chionetserochi woyamba inkakhala mazenera asanu, kumene ankazionetsa zokumbidwa pansi, ndalama zakale, zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku za nthawi apitawo. M'nyumbayi ndi lotseguka kawiri pa sabata, chiwerengero cha alendo kwa chaka yaing'ono - anthu 500 okha.

Ndi 1904, Museum Regional (Kaluga) akusungidwa ndalama pafupifupi 1,000 zinthu, zimene zinaphatikizapo makalata A. S. Pushkina, N. V. Gogolya cholembera ndi mu 1915 zosonkhanitsira anali kale mayunitsi 1200.

Pambuyo 1918, bungwe anali lidzasinthidwa "Provincial Museum of History." nyumbayi, yomwe tsopano m'nyumba ya Museum of Kaluga Regional, ndalama ndi kulongosola anagwidwa mu 1922. Nthambi zoyambirira ophatikizidwa mu 1924, muyezo wa nyumbayi anasamukira "ndi zinthu zabwino," Art. Otsiriza mu 1925, wopangidwa mwa m'madipatimenti angapo anabwera pansi ulamuliro wa Glavnauka.

Main kubwezeretsa zinachitika mu 30s, pamene Museum of History Local (Kaluga) anakhala mipingo kudzadza katundu anathetsa ndi zigawo nationalized. Ndi 1939, chopereka inkakhala zinthu 10,000.

Ku nkhondo mpaka pano

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo owonetsera zakale maholo zalephera miyezi yonse 10 mu mpumulo chionetserocho linatsegulidwa kwa anthu. Pa utakhala kwa masiku 78, m'nyumbayi chinatsekedwa. Mbiri cholowa sanathe anasamutsidwa, ndi kwa chaka (1942-43). Ndodo The anaonedwa mmene kuwonongeka. Nkhani zotsatira ananena kuti 10% anabedwa owonetsera zakale zopereka zokhudza nthawi ya 18 ya atumwi classicism.

Mu 1944 m'nyumbayi anasamukira ku udindo wa dera, ndi 1945 ndalama inkakhala zidutswa 7712, umene 2143 mayunitsi zinatsegulidwa kwa azimuwona. Nthawi imeneyi, antchito anasonkhana bungwe, zikalata ndi ndimakumbukira Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, lomwe linali maziko a maphunziro mu 50 - 60s wa zakale zingapo wowerengeka m'deralo. Zotsatira asanu a iwo adali nthambi ndi kulowa m'dera mbiri owonetsera zakale (Kaluga). Lero, bungwe la asatambira alendo nthambi 10.

Manor zovuta

History Museum (Kaluga) wakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 100., nthawi yonse iyi, ndalama deta nthawi zonse kusinthidwa ndi panopa ali oposa 100 zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapadera. Mu 1982, Nyumba ya Manor wakale, kowonera zakale ndi mndandanda wa mfundo kuthi phokoso limodzi, chifukwa cha maganizo kaphatikizidwe iwo, anachita ndi Leningrad amisiri ndi asayansi.

Chionetserochi kwambiri chidwi msonkhano ndi mapulani zovuta, anamanga mu 1808, pamene History Museum (Kaluga) tsopano. Mbiri ya nyumba yaikulu limatiuza kuti pamene ankatchedwa yachifumu, ndipo iye anali Manor olemera mu mzinda. wapakamwa ali chokongoletsedwa ndi reliefs mkulu wa mbiri ya epic Greek, kulowa chosangalatsa chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati ndi Chipilala tracery zidachitidwa zitsulo mpanda, pamodzi ndi zipata chachikulu. Mu gawo lamkati la bwalo ndi phiko kutsogolo, malo mabogi, atseka danga yokutidwa gallery, anakhala pa woyera mwala bwalo, chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati Tuscan.

Kufotokozera za chionetsero m'nyumbayi

The Interiors la nyumba ya anali wotchuka mu Kaluga, ntchito pa kuphedwa awo loyang'aniridwa ndi Chitaliyana wamanga S. Campioni. Pansi choyamba, komwe poyamba munali malo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, tsopano anasonyeza zipangizo dipatimenti ya chikhalidwe.

Pa yosanja, m'zipinda khumi, anafalikira ndi kufotokoza wodzipereka kwa mbiri ya deralo. The nthandala woyamba ndizodzazidwa ndi zokumbidwa pansi kuti kusonyeza mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko cha anthu akale. Zotsatirazi ndi katundu wa m'nyumba, zodzikongoletsera, zovala wamalonda Rusich. Nyengo ya Peter Ine amatanthauza maonekedwe a ulimi woyamba mafakitale. M'zipinda cha nyumbayi anasonyeza koloko, kupatsidwa ndi Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri polemekeza kazembe mu Kaluga.

A wambirimbiri zinthu pamodzi zipinda wodzipereka kwa Nkhondo ya 1812 ndipo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kuwonjezera zochitika mbiri, zosonkhanitsira lili cholowa chikhalidwe mabuku chakale cha m'ma 19, anapita Kaluga, pano lili zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anali N. V. Gogolyu, F. M. Dostoevskomu, A. P. Chehovu, ndiponso olemba.

nthambi

Regional Museum mu Kaluga nthambi akukuitanani kukaona:

• Mayina msinkhu. kufotokoza The laperekedwa kwa kumasulidwa kwa chigawo Kuibyshev pa Great kukonda dziko lako lonse, pamene gulu la anthu ongokhala anthu 18, anatha kugwila kutalika kwambiri a 224,1. Dzina la nyumbayi anapereka nyimbo V. E. Basnera "misanje mayina" anadzipereka kwa ungwazi wa asilikali Siberians.
• Borovsk. Nthambi ili mu mzinda wakale wa Borovsk ndi kulingaliranso mbiri yake. Ndime ya nyumbayi Amakonda wamalonda uja, ndi Old Okhulupirira miyambo, mwatsatanetsatane nkhani mchitidwe awiri - Pokrovsky ndi Pafnutev- Borowski. Mutu chionetserocho lili makombo a frescoes wakale ndi gawo mapulani a Kubadwa kwa Yesu Cathedral ndi mchitidwe umenewu, ziwiya zadothi, njerwa pamanja m'ma 16. Buku lalikulu la zithunzi archival limafotokoza nkhani ya zofukulidwa pa manda a boyar Morozova. Apereka zinthu za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa amalonda ndi mabanja bourgeois.
• Zaitseva Góra. kufotokoza The laperekedwa kwa nthawi yaitali imene akumenyana ndi asilikali Soviet ndi ankhondowo German kwa khwalala Warsaw ndi misanje njira zimatayidwa kukana German, mmodzi amene anali "Zaitseva Góra".
• Ilyinsky malire. Chikumbutso wodzipereka kwa ungwazi ndi Ilyinskikh ophunzira a sukulu nkhondo. Pasanathe masiku 12, adakhala pa ankhondowo kuukira Moscow.
• Kozelsk. Chionetsero amasonyeza mbiri ya umodzi mwa mizinda yakalekale mu dera Kaluga, mbiri yake kunayamba m'ma 12. nyumbayi ili yakale Nyumbayi Tsyplakovovyh amalonda. M'zipinda za zokumbidwa pansi, mbiri ya zinthu zakale. awiri thematic chionetsero "Mdyerekezi chitunda" anaperekanso (9-10 zaka) ndi "Vyatichesky maliro zovuta kwa 12-13 atumwi." A malo chapakati ali nkhondo chinsalu odzipereka Kozelsk nkhondo.
• Mosalsk. Museum wodzipereka kwa mbiri ya mzinda, takambirana mu chigawo m'mphepete mwa chikhalidwe, mbiri, ethnography ndi zochitika pa zaka. chidwi chachikulu pakati pa alendo ndi kukhazikitsanso m'mphawi chilindo cha chisanadze chosintha Russia.
• Manor Park "Wonyezimira Factory". Kuika umodzi wa ophatikizidwa zigawo ziwiri za thupi Goncharov ndi Shchepochkina. Mbali ya chuma ndi malo ake pa gawo la nsalu ndi pepala mafakitale. Pali owonetsera zakale-malo Goncharov, Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro, paki ndi maofesi hothouse, makola ndipo ena mbiri malo mapulani.
• Tarussky owonetsera zakale. Kutchula koyamba kwa tauni wa mbiri Tarussa 1246. M'zipinda za m'nyumbayi mzinda akupereka zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ethnographic, zolembalemba kufotokoza, gawo osiyana cha maimidwe odzipereka kwa moyo ndi ntchito ya wolemba K. G. Paustovskogo.
• Tarussky Museum Tsvetaevs. M'zipinda za kufotokoza za moyo, ntchito ya ndakatulo Marina Tsvetaeva.

maulendo

Mu 2016 m'nyumbayi anasamukira ku udindo watsopano ndi chimatchedwa "Kaluga Museum-Reserve." Pa nthawi, pali njira ya ziŵalo mkati ndi kukonza mapulogalamu atsopano. Koma ntchito za m'dera mbiri owonetsera zakale simungathe udzasokonezedwa, ndi alendo oitanidwa ku ulendo:

• Mbiri ya dera Kaluga. nthawi Substantively anafufuza ndipo zalembedwa chitukuko chuma M'dera m'ma 17, chidwi khama kumanga mzinda, chikhalidwe, mabuku, zojambulajambula.
• Nature wa dera Kaluga. The kukhudzana ndi zambiri miyala, mbali Hrs m'mphepete anapereka malasha mbiri isanayambe lifeforms anapeza pa ntchito yomanga kapena kumanga ntchito m'munda. Ambiri chionetserocho ndi nyama ndi zomera za m'dera akuimira mu zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kuyambira nthawi yakale mpaka lero.
• Zosowa nyama. Ulendowu anayambitsanso alendo oimira zinyama padziko lonse (ku South America, Asia, Africa, etc.), zambiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho amasonyeza moyo wa dziko m'madzi, ukufanizidwa ndi zinyama chapakati Russia.
• Pansi pa mbendera ya Soviet Union. Ulendowu nkhani za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu Union, chitukuko m'dera mpaka 1941, asamalira tsogolo la anthu, monga kusonyeza nthawi ya Civil nkhondo, kayendedwe Stakhanovite, kupondereza. Exhibition pakati, amene amalimbana kwambiri ulendo thematic ali kulengedwanso Interiors m'kalasi, nyumba limodzi.
• Kaluga Region pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Thematic maulendo ikuchitikira ku holo odzipereka kwa chikumbutso 65th cha Kupambana pankhondo. zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi kuperekedwa kuti mumve, limasonyeza njira ya zochitika, izo perpetuates mayina a nzika - ophunzira mwakhama maudani ndi antchito kumbuyo. Malo chapakati zapatsidwa kwa diorama "Kumasulidwa kwa Kaluga".

Mu nyumbayi chopereka wolemera anasonkhana kuti amapereka zosiyanasiyana nthaŵi maulendo. Choncho, chidwi amayamba ndi nkhani za Decembrists, mbiri ya dongo ndi dothi, zochitika za nkhondo ya 1812, ndi zina zambiri.

mauthenga othandiza

The wochezeka alendo Kaluga Regional Museum (mode ntchito - 9:30 - 17:30, akumaliza ndalama pa 17:00 matikiti tchuthi). Akafuna ntchito Loweruka: 11:00 - 19:00. Tsiku lopuma Lolemba. mitengo tikiti kuyambira 100 rubles.

ndalama yafupika anapereka kwa ophunzira, pensioners ndi ophunzira. Free mwayi ulipo kwa nzika zonse pa tsiku la zinthu zochititsa chidwi, komanso magulu ena a nzika nthawi zonse, inu mukhoza kupita ku National History Museum (Kaluga). Address: Pushkin msewu, kumanga 4.

zokopa Kaluga

Ambiri mbiri zochitika, zipilala, malo chikhalidwe zingakondweretse mzinda wa Kaluga alendo. Zokopa chiwerengero ngati kuti akakumane nawo sangakhale mu tsiku lina. Pamwamba khumi wodziwika bwino malo Ndithu wokwanira ulendo monga:

• St. George Cathedral inamangidwa mu 1701.
• Kachisi wa Chiwalitsiro kwa zaka za m'ma 17, lili pa dera la mpanda wolimba kwambiri.
• Optina (70 Km from Kaluga). Malinga ndi mwambo, obisika linakhazikitsidwa ndi wolapa wakuba Optoy m'zaka 19 mochedwa. Zovuta ali ndi masika mozizwitsa, wachiwiri wopatulika kasupe ili pa magombe a mtsinje Zhizdra.
• State Museum wa Cosmonautics Tsiolkovsky. Iwo ali Russia yaikulu chionetsero zoyenera kufufuza malo. The thumba akugwirizira za 600,000 zinthu za mwayi - mayunitsi 400 zikwi.
• Komiti Korobov amalonda. Ndi chipilala mapulani a zomangamanga wakale Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 17.
• Stone mlatho yolumikiza Berezuevskogo m'mphepete mwa chigwa cha. The viaduct inamangidwa 1785 ndipo Russia yaikulu mwala Kapangidwe ka mtundu wake. Kutalika mamita 160 ndipo m'lifupi mamita 20. Pakati gawo - m'njira ziwiri ndi arches.
• Hotel m'Bwalo Old Kusinthanitsa Square. Nyumba ndi dera ndi za m'ma 18, ntchito yomanga anali kuyamba ndi amalonda pa malo chigwa akale. Kubwezeretsa ikuchitika mu 2015.
• Pearl Kaluga - Finca Zolotarev, kumene m'dera mbiri owonetsera zakale ali pamtunda.
• Ufiti Museum la Zomangamanga ndi Moyo. Iwo ali chionetsero kwambiri mbiri ya ntchito zamanja miyambo wowerengeka, lalikulu zidole exposures dongo. Ena mwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho tsiku kumbuyo kwa zaka 17-18th.
• Nikola-waulesi, m'mudzimo paki yothandiza dziko "Ugra" kumene pachaka luso chikondwerero "Archstoyanie". Pa gawo aluso ndi mapulani analenga chosema wapadera yopangidwa ndi zisulo zachilengedwe, zomwe zili zobalalika m'dera limeneli.

Izi si mndandanda wa kodi amasirira alendo mzinda wa Kaluga. Zikhomo mu mzinda ndi m'munda. Wapadera Shamordino Akatolika ili pafupi ndi mudzi wa Shamordino. Chapakati Kazan Cathedral ali chokongoletsedwa ndi 15 domes, yankho ambiri amanena kuti kalembedwe wakale Russian, intricately kusonyeza mwambo yadzaoneni. Imani chofufuzidwa Manor Vorobyov, chipilala kuti sysadmin ndi, House ambuye, ndi zambiri.