Gender adzadziwire - ndi chiyani ichi?

Umunthu akhoza kumuona ngati gulu mbali zonse munthu wa makhalidwe chikhalidwe zofunika kuti kuzindikira munthu kukhala membala wa anthu ndiponso mmene makhalidwe wake. Pa nthawi imeneyi, anthu ambiri ayamba kuonedwa mu mawu, kusonyeza kuti amene amadziwa jenda - ndi chokhudza nkhani yogonana kwambiri, ndipo ngati kumasiyana ndi muyezo, lidzakwezedwa tikonze. Ndipotu zonse penapake zovuta, ndipo anthu ambiri amadabwa kupeza mbali ya jenda anyamata, ankadziwa kuti n'kwachibadwa.

Kudziŵa jenda kudziwitsa munthu

Choyamba ndi Dziwani kuti jenda - si kugonana, koma ya makhalidwe kuti zonse za kugonana kukhalanso. Choncho, adzadziwire kugonana amatchedwa mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndi jenda, motero, cha umuna ndi ukazi. Kukaika kugonana si: amaonekera ndi makhalidwe thupi, akonzedwa DNA, ndi mtundu yoyenera maliseche, pamene adzadziwire jenda - izi ndi makhalidwe amene sali makhalidwe a zinthu zamoyo.

Pamene tikuganizira simplistically, ndi udindo ndikukhazikitsa jenda "akazi weniweniwo" ndi "amuna enieni." Malinga ndi muyezo mfundo stereotypical, aliyense kugonana ayenera kukumana zina malingaliro abwino a anthu yokha. Mkazi ndi womangika kukhala zosalimba, wokongola, kugonana wokongola, makamaka chidwi kulera mwana ndi kuzipinda zogona, ndipo ndi munthu pachikhalidwe ankayimiridwa ngati mgodi wa, wopulumuka, wankhondo, ndipo ngakhale mbuye, kukhalapo kwa "Chabwino" maonekedwe ndi zofunika. Kodi aliyense pali maganizo a mkazi?

Kobadwa nako kapena kugula?

Gululi chiphunzitso cha "zamoyo monga tsoka" amayesetsa jenda vrozhdonnosti mbali zonse zofunikira pa mwana aliyense. zolakwika aliyense kuchokera ku dongosolo amaona kupotoza kapena matenda. Komabe, mapangidwe Pawokha jenda zimadalira anthu, ndipo ngakhale mwana analeredwa yokhayo mu banja la amaona chikhalidwe cha makolo ndi achibale ena.

Ngati makolo poona kuti mwanayo anabadwa mwa kugonana iwo ndimalota za pakhoza kukhala theka-amazindikira chikhumbo "remake" ana pansi chitsanzo ofala mu maloto. Zikatero ndi inati osati mabuku, komanso moyo weniweniwo. Mapangidwe Pawokha jenda amapezeka opanikizika ndi atsikana zambiri kuphunzitsa anyamata kuposa mosemphanitsa. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha mlili wa chikhalidwe ofala wathu anthu atakhala kuti mwamuna weniweni ayenera kubadwa mwana. Pakalibe mwana wa kugonana anakhumba limalimbikitsa makolo kuti sublimate, kusintha "analephera mbeu" pansi pa chitsanzo zongopeka.

Childhood mwa prism ya jenda

Ana aang'ono, ana sadziwa kudziwitsa aliyense kugonana kapena jenda, koma zaka ziwiri akuwukha mpaka kusiyana anyamata ndi atsikana. Mwadzidzidzi anapeza akukhala pamaso kapena kusapezeka kwa mbolo. Pamakhala mafotokozedwe makolo chifukwa masiketi ndi mauta akhoza kufooka pokhapokha ngati palibe mbolo ndi kusewera ndi chidole magalimoto ndi mfuti, ngati pali wina. Kumene, adzadziwire jenda la mwana nthawi zonse zochokera chizindikiro analandira kuchokera kunja ovomerezeka kapena kutsutsa ndi wotetezedwa pa mlingo chikumbumtima. Iwo anaona kuti mu sukulu ya mkaka ana ukufalitsidwa ankawaviika unsembe anzawo ndipo ngakhale nthawi zina zidole amasankha kuti zokonda zanu, koma pa mfundo za kulondola kwa amuna kapena akazi.

Nanga n'chifukwa akuyamba "ndithu" adzadziwire jenda a achinyamata? Unamwali Munthu wotereyu osati zoonekeratu kusintha kukula kwa thupi. Umayamba ndi kufufuza yogwira nokha, umunthu, ndipo zimenezi zimafuna kufunsa maganizo olondola. Reproachful ndemanga, "ndinu mtsikana" kapena "inu ndinu mnyamata," akuyitanira chitsanzo jenda pokha nkwachibadwa kwathunthu. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti makolo pofuna pa chilichonse mtengo kukula ndi "ufulu" mwana kugundana mu kwambiri kupusa. Mwachitsanzo, kuletsa mwana wake kuvina nyimbo, kuganizira mofatsa zinthu kokha yakuti, mwamuna salira.

Mitundu Pawokha jenda

Malinga ndi malamulo zamoyo anthu agawanika mosamalitsa mu amuna ndi akazi awiri - chachimuna ndi chachikazi. kusintha kulikonse mu am'derali chifukwa wonongeka chibadwa. Pamlingo winawake, izi zikhoza kudzudzulidwa ndi njira zamakono zachipatala. Kenako kuyamba makhalidwe yekha moyo ndi chikhalidwe, amene akhoza kusiyana malingana ndi dziko ndi miyambo ya m'deralo. Otchedwa "phaka lachitatu" - hermaphrodites (ndi kupezeka kwachilengedwenso makhalidwe kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi) ndi anthu sagwirizana nazo adzadziwire jenda wa munthu anazindikira mwalamulo khumi zokha mayiko: Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, ndi sakwanitsa, Germany, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, India, Nepal ndi Bangladesh. A mayiko angapo kuzindikira kuti kuli phaka lachitatu la mwambo chikhalidwe, koma ku mawonedwe a malamulo ndi mtundu wa mbali otsiriza a moyo, amene safuna kuganizira.

Poyamba allocated mitundu iwiri ya jenda: chachimuna chibadidwe amuna, ndi chachikazi, kugonana yoyenera. Kutchula mu zochepa zapitazi zapitazi androgynous yokhala akuimira mtundu winawake "pafupifupi masamu" pakati pa mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya jenda. Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ndi akatswiri komanso kusiyanitsa bigenderov, Transgender, Queer ndi jenda-agenderov m'magulu osiyana. Mwina chilakolako chimenechi kukankhira chimango ochiritsira patsogolo mofulumira zawo zonse ndi kubweretsa kulolerana jenda kuti mumangire mtheradi. Mu moyo wamba, liri mawu angapo, popanda kupita mwatsatanetsatane.

umuna

Chachimuna adzadziwire jenda - osakaniza anatsindika kukula kwa thupi mwamuna ndi ntchito ya udindo wa mwamuna chikhalidwe, komanso makhalidwe zogwirizana, zizolowezi, zokonda ndi khalidwe. Komanso makhalidwe mwapadera zabwino, ankaona yachibadwa chiwawa wamphongo, kulolerana chiopsezo. M'mawu ena, pamene mnyamata akulira kuti "kukhala munthu" amatanthauza lamulo machesi chitsanzo, chimene amuna musalire, monga yekha mwayi akazi.

ukazi

Femina jenda adzadziwire - ndi zosemphana wamphongo, chosalimba kukula kwa thupi kuphatikiza ndi miyambo mkazi zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo, kuphatikizapo wamba "mkazi" makhalidwe, makhalidwe ndi mtima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu mwa prism ya jenda ndi yeniyeni chirichonse kuchokera sliders mtundu pa mwanayo.

Ngati mnyamata kuvala tights pinki, ndi chiwerengero kwambiri ya akulu kapena kusokoneza ndi msungwana, kapena anakwiya kuti makolo ndikufuna kumuukitsa kwa mtsikana. Zooneka chizindikiro chosalimba adzadziwire - zokhudzana wamkazi chobvala masitaelo kapena mitundu. Ufulu kuvala malaya owala flowered chachimuna munthu kutsimikizira makofi. Mwamwayi, mafashoni nthawi akulimbikira pa kulolerana mtheradi ndi zotchinga kumatula atsikana kusankha zovala.

androgyny

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti palokha androgyny analipo nthawi zonse, koma ankaona kwambiri yoipa, monga ngati mbali adzadziwire jenda - chikhumbo njiru kulowa androgyne ena mosochera. Kwenikweni androgyny amadalira cues zithunzi - ngati munthu alibe kutchulidwa umuna ndi ukazi, n'zovuta kudziwa pa Mwachidule, mtsikana pamaso panu kapena mnyamata. Masking ndi kuwonjezera zovala mu "unisex" kalembedwe ndi khalidwe.

A chitsanzo chapadera tinganene kuti Brune, ndi heroine wa buku mwa Strugatsky abale "Hotel" Akufa Mountaineer ", amene anapereka monga" mwana wa m'bale womwalirayo du Barnstokra ". Khalidwe ndi maonekedwe Brune osati n'zotheka kudziwa zimene zoona, kugonana ndi nyama, kotero Neu analemba neuter, kufikira zinaonekeratu kuti alidi ndi mtsikana.

Gender ndi chokhudza nkhani yogonana

Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, mfundo kudziwitsa mwamuna kapena mkazi si kwathunthu chifukwa chokhudza nkhani yogonana. M'mawu ena, chosalimba munthu wachiwawa kwambiri maonekedwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi waufupi tsitsi bodybuilders mu kubisa lesibiyani sakusonyeza zizolowezi.

Lingaliro la amuna ndi akazi ndi makamaka chifukwa cha khalidwe ndi ntchito ya maubwenzi, ndi njira zina okha zochokera kugonana. Chotero kuyesa kuchotsa "cholakwa kugonana" njira kuthamanga kwa zithunzi adzadziwire chigawo jenda wosatenga mphamvu iliyonse. Tisanyalanyazetu kuthekera zotsatira kuphatikiza zinthu kunja pa chitukuko cha kugonana. Sexologists amati lathu la analimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono, munthu aliyense udzadutsa m'njira yapadera ya mapangidwe munthu, kuphatikizapo amakonda kugonana.

bigendery ndi transgender ndi amene

Bigender tinganene kuti mmodzi wa mitundu ya kuwina toleratnosti pakati pa mutu makamaka munthu. Ngati munthu wapatuka pa ntchito zina zachitukuko, popanda kudutsa kusanthula olakwika, ife mwachilungamo zogwirizana ndi kudzidalira munthu. Wotsutsana ndi jenda adzadziwire / adzadziwire chikhalidwe mu bigenderov Umapeza kuthekera ndi skilful ntchito luso ndi zofunazo. Munthu akhoza kutenga akazi amacheza, kupatula mu nkhani iyi kapolo wa zinthu, iyenso uzigwirizana ndi udindo wa mwamuna. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa jenda angapo achotsa, buku "kusaka nyama zazikulu" mipita zambiri ku ntchito thupi mu ntchito maganizo, ndi earner waluso amakhala mwini minofu ndi testosterone muyeso, monga munthu kukhala ndi digiri yapamwamba ya nzeru. Kugonana WOPEREKA chizindikiro changa mu nkhani imeneyi sikuthandiza.

Funso lina, ngati pali transgender - ndi mismatch wa chilengedwe komanso jenda kudziletsa maganizo. Pamene kuganiza chabe, kuti angatchedwe transgender anthu amene amakonda akazi chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe ena zithunzi. Ngati iye akuona ngati mkaziyo 'fupa ", ndipo thupi si zizigwirizana wodzilamulira, ndiye tikulankhula transsexuality. Kumbali jenda, izi si munthu. Munthu amaganiza ngati mkazi ndi kulionera dzikoli ndi mwini yekha ndi zinthu chosalimba. Mismatch kugonana kwachilengedwenso Ndi bwino kukonza ndi transitioning. Komabe, si anthu onse amene kusintha kugonana zamoyo ndicho transgender kumva. Izi ndi zinthu m'malo zosokoneza zimene zosankha munthu.

Sexism dysphoria chothandizira jenda

Ngati mapangidwe kudziwitsa mwamuna kapena mkazi anali mismatch wa magawo kwachilengedwenso, umatchedwa dysphoria jenda. Lingaliro Izi zikuphatikizapo onse matenda adzadziwire jenda, lomwe gulu mayiko a Matenda pafupifupi 2018 (ICD 11) anasamuka ku gawo matenda a m'maganizo mu gulu la kugonana. Matenda akhoza weniweni ndiponso yakuya, malingana ndi mlingo wa kukana kugonana zawo kwachilengedwenso.

Akatswiri ndi sexologists kuti kukulitsa pang'ono dysphoria jenda mulole sexism, makamaka ngati kugwa pa mwana kapena wachinyamata. Mwachitsanzo, machismo, monga kwakukulu ndi mwamakani mawonekedwe a zanyengo chachimuna akhoza kuonetsa zoonekera misogyny - malo ozungulira ukufalitsidwa kuganiza kuti chirichonse chiri chibadidwe akazi, zolakwika. Manyazi kukhala mkazi ndi mkazi - ndi oipitsitsa. mawu Sexist zingachititse kuti mwanayo unyolo zomveka: "Ine sindikufuna kukhala onyozedwa chinthu, pokhala munthu bwino, manyazi kukhala mkazi." Mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito n'zosiyana: ngati m'banja kulamulidwa ndi mnyamata characterizations achipongwe wa anthu, iye mosalingalira wayamba kukhumba kuti a "mwayi" gulu la anthu. kugonana Tizilombo chindiletsa uyu, kuyamba matenda adzadziwire jenda.

Mosiyana zipolowe otsatira chitsanzo mwambo wa m'mudzi, kulolerana jenda sichichititsa chisokonezo ndi imfa ya zikhomo moyo ndi chikhalidwe. M'malo mwake, pakalibe ndi sexism amakani ndi olusa kumachepetsa nkhawa anthu, amachepetsa imabwera dysphoria ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa aliyense.