General mfundo ndi gulu la magiya

Pafupifupi limagwirira aliyense zipangizo zamakono mwina kapena kwathunthu wapangidwa osiyanasiyana transmissions. Nthawi zambiri, zipangizo zoyenda kufala ntchito zinthu ndendende imodzi kinematic chiwembu. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kuti exhaustively kuwunikira gulu la magiya. oonetsera zawo ndi zinthu, tidzakambirana.

tanthauzo

Choncho kuyambira mfundo luso view ndi zida limagwirira amene akutumikira popereka kasinthasintha kuchokera kutsinde wina ndi mzake, ndi kusintha liwiro kudzera njanji ndi matayala.

Gawo magiya limanena kuti zida ili kutsinde la transmits kasinthasintha, wotchedwa makamu, ndi wolandila kasinthasintha - lotengeka. Komanso, zinthu zomwe ali awiri miyeso ang'onoang'ono, wotchedwa zida, ndi chakuti lalikulu - gudumu.

Mbali

Magiya, gulu, magawo zikuluzikulu ndi mbali ya zomwe pansipa, ndi kunena ankaona zigawo ambiri mu luso lopanga ndi mafakitale ena. Izi kufunika mkulu chifukwa kuthekera kufala kudzera mphamvu osiyanasiyana kuchokera magawo angapo ochepa zikwizikwi kilowatts. Choncho liwiro circumferential wa kasinthasintha n'kutheka kuti 150 m / s, ndi magawanidwe osiyanasiyana monga mazana ndi zikwi. The awiri mawilo okha ndi pakati pa millimeters Werengani (nthawizina madera awo) kuti mamita asanu kapena kuposa.

zosiyanasiyana

Chikhazikitso ndi gulu la gearing amapereka alekane pa malo awa:

1. malo a axles gudumu danga:

• ndi nkhwangwa kufanana (cylindrical HIV);
• ndi intersecting nkhwangwa (magiya bevel);
• ndi nkhwangwa anawoloka (ndi nyongolotsi kufala wononga).

2. Malinga ndi mtundu wa kasinthasintha wachibale wa mawilo ndi malo mano:

• ndi zida Link (mawilo atembenuza mbali zosiyana wachibale wina ndi mzake);
• ndi zida mkati (kasinthasintha mawilo onse ndi njira imodzi).

3. mawonekedwe a ndani:

• involute mano;
• cycloid;
• ndi Novikov gearing.

4. malo a ongolankhula dzino mzere:

• Tingasulirane gudumu;
• helical;
• chevron;
• Kagwere (ndi dzino zozungulira).

Dziwani kuti kufala nepryamozubye ndi smoothness mkulu cha ntchito yawo, iwo ali kuli avale ndi phokoso poyerekeza tingasulirane magiya.

5. mawu a liwiro circumferential:

• otsika-liwiro HIV (zosakwana 3 m / s);
• sing'anga liwiro (3 m / s 15 m / s);
• mkulu-liwiro (pa 15 m / s).

Panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira ndi ntchito

Gulu la magiya mu ntchito amapereka magawano awo mu:

• Kinematic (kuwerenga) kufala. Iwo ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo, akuwerengedwerabe zothetsera njira. Lamulo chachikulu anasamutsidwa ngati - litsatidwe kinematic molondola apamwamba, ndiye ilo liyenera kukhala Mgwirizano bwino kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino za kasinthasintha ngati mbuye ndi gudumu kapolo.
• Mkulu-liwiro kufala ntchito gearboxes turbomachinery transmissions mabokosi galimoto. Zofunika: pazipita zotheka kusalala kwa opareshoni.
• Mphamvu kufala mu Kireni ntchito ndi njira kugudubuzika. Iwo amagwira ntchito pa liwiro otsika, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kupereka makokedwe chidwi. The chofunika kwa transmissions wa mtundu uwu, - kukhudzana pafupi mano, amene inakula mu conjugation.

i zina

Gulu la magiya mapangidwe zaphindu amaganizira kuti akhale omasuka ndi chatsekedwa. kufala Open akhoza opareshoni kapena opanda kondomu (osowa), kapena wina kuchitiridwa mafuta lubricants wapadera.

Tatseka-dera TV, nayenso, afewetsedwa chifukwa ubatizo wa mano mu mafuta wapadera, zomwe chigumula nyumba (kumizidwa kondomu). Nthawi zina, lili centralized okwanira dongosolo mu crankcase lapansi. Pankhaniyi kusintha lubricant otaya ikuchitika mwa inductors wapadera.

Malinga ndi mmene liwiro rotational, magiya ndi anawagawa:

• kutsitsa (wochedwanso reducers). Mu ndondomeko ya zida chiŵerengero ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wolingana ndi mmodzi.
• Kuchulukitsa - zida chiŵerengero n'komwe.

Mwa njira, ndi magawanidwe zida onse ali okhazikika ndi stepwise chosinthika ndi kusuntha magudumu mwachindunji kutsinde (mwachitsanzo gearbox).

makhalidwe abwino

Gulu la magiya adzakhala chosakwanira ngati sayenera nyota awo. Poyerekeza ndi zina magiya yodziwika ndi:

• Processability.
• Khama chiŵerengero.
• Mkulu katundu mphamvu (50,000 kW).
• Chidwi Mwachangu (mpaka 0.99).
• Small miyeso chonse poyerekeza transmissions ena pa zinthu zomwezo.
• Mkulu kudalilika pa ntchito.
• Chomasuka yokonza.
• katundu ochepa pa mayendedwe ndi mikondo.

makhalidwe oipa

Koma kuipa magiya, ndiye mmodzi wa iwo amaoneka:

• Kupanda mwayi kusintha zida chiŵerengero mosalekeza.
• kupanga ndi olondola unsembe ayenera kukhala pa mlingo mkulu.
• Nthawi phokoso pa liwilo.
• Osauka damping katundu.
• Large kukula pamene nkhwangwa lotengeka ndi mikondo galimoto mtunda chidwi.
• Kudula mano amafuna zipangizo zina zapadera ndi zida.
• Kulephera kukwaniritsa katundu zazikulu chifukwa mwamphamvu yapamwamba.
• Kusowa kwa zinthu chitetezo. The zida sitima ndi wokhoza kuteteza makina kapena limagwirira ndi overloading.

Komanso magiya (ubwino ndi kuipa, gulu ndi mitundu mwachindunji pamwamba) zopanda nzeru ntchito mano, chifukwa mu ntchito munthawi yomweyo osati oposa awiri mano aliyense mawilo, amene molumikizana.

The mapindikidwe a mano gudumu

Yoyenera mapulani ndi ntchito zida kumaonekeranso pakalibe phokoso amphamvu ndi kutenthedwa pa ntchito. Ngati awiri a muyezo aŵa kusiyana, izo zikanakhoza bwino kuwonongedwa kwa mano gudumu. Gulu la magiya cholinga ntchito Ikuonetsanso kusintha yake kufala kwa ntchito, koma mitundu ikuluikulu ya kuwonongeka mano ali motere:

• Pulasitiki mapindikidwe ntchito pamalo.
• Breakage.
• Jamming.
• Kuvala.
• Zisamayoyoke.

Nthawi kumene mano kuswa nthaŵi zambiri osati kufala wolephera komanso kuwononga kwa mayunitsi osiyanasiyana okhudzana, mbali (mwachitsanzo, anawononga mayendedwe, migodi). Ichi ndi chifukwa wedging kanthu zinadulidwa zidutswa.

Nthawi zambiri, mano osweka chifukwa cha "kutopa" lomwe limapezeka monga chotsatira cha zikamera ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa ming'alu. Mtundu wa kuwonongeka ndi zina zambiri magiya chatsekedwa.

Kumva kuwawa mano nthawi zambiri anamuona pa magiya lotseguka, chifukwa malowedwe a zoni chinkhoswe wa particles osiyanasiyana zitsulo, dothi, fumbi (kumva kuwawa). Komanso, chifukwa angathe kukhala osauka kondomu, choncho mtundu uwu zoti kuichotsa si inshuwaransi, TV chatsekedwa-dera.

mawilo Kupanga katundu

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti magiya, ubwino ndi kuipa, gulu la potsata katundu wawo sayansi ndi thupi, anapangidwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito kuchita ndi:

• Mpweya zitsulo za khalidwe wamba (St6, St5).
• Mkulu amasankha zitsulo.
• Alloyed steels.
• Gray kuponyedwa chitsulo ndi apamwamba.
• Ena zipangizo sanali zachitsulo (bakelite, PCB).

Ambiri ntchito kufala magiya zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, chifukwa kuphatikiza mulingo woyenera mphamvu, kudalirika ndi kulemera. Nkhanizi ndi abwino kwa transmissions lolemera ntchito.

Nawonso imvi kuponya chitsulo ntchito gudumu akuthamanga infrequent ndipo m'mbuyo magiya lotseguka. Iron ndi bwino kuti mano a magudumu zochokera si kumafuna zambiri pa kondomu ndi bwino atengere wina ndi mzake.

magiya pulasitiki amapangidwa makina amene amafuna pazipita chete ntchito mkulu-liwiro HIV, sizikusoweka ndi kupanga mkulu mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuuma ndi kutentha mankhwala

Magiya, gulu, ntchito zimene komanso malingana ndi mphamvu katundu chofunika chokuchititsani kutentha mankhwala.

The magiya wachitsulo ndi conventionally m'magulu awiri:

• Wheel ndi kuwumitsa pansipa 350 HB mano. Zoterezi chizindikiro kwaiye chifukwa matenda kapena kusintha zitsulo. Pomwepo mano kudula pambuyo kutentha mankhwala.
• Mawilo kuuma woposa 350 HB. kuuma Ichi chizathandiza mankhwala-matenthedwe oipa: carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding, pamwamba kuumitsa ntchito mafunde mkulu pafupipafupi.

Kondomu ya magiya

Gulu la magiya pa malo mano adzakhala chosakwanira ngati ife analibe kondomu ya gearing. Palokha, ndondomeko kondomu lolunjika pa kutsitsa mtengo wa avale wa mano, kutentha madyaidya ndikuledzera ndi yaing'ono particles abrasive, kuwongolera dzuwa la kufala lonse. Pogwiritsa ntchito lubricants apamwamba kumawonjezera mawilo kukana kuti jamming. Mu udindo wa kondomu akhoza kupanga pulasitiki, madzi ndi zipangizo olimba.

Mafuta nthawi zambiri ntchito kutsegula mapulogalamu, amene ntchito pa kutentha osati kuposa 120 madigiri. Olimba lubricant komanso unagwira ntchito magiya lotseguka, koma anthu kutentha zikugwira ntchito choposa madigiri 100 Celsius. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi madzi lubricant. Kutchuka kwambiri chidatengedwa mafuta mafuta. Koma angapange lubricant, iwo ntchito pokha pokha wapadera, chifukwa mtengo si mkulu.

Zoti mafuta madzi monga:

• Industrial mafuta - kalata yoyamba
• Ntchito mu kachitidwe hayidiroliki - G.
• Pakuti HIV heavy-ntchito - T.
• Mafuta ndi odana ndi dzimbiri, odana ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, odana avale zina, - P.
• Mafuta, zomwe ziribe zina zilizonse - A.

Miter gudumu

Gulu la magiya bevel mu chimake chosavuta ali mawonekedwe zotsatirazi:

• Wheel bevel zida ndi mano molunjika.
• Ndi mano tangential.
• Kuyambira mano yokhota kumapeto.
• Ndi mano zozungulira.
• Ndi mzere wa mano mawonekedwe involute.

Molunjika magiya bevel Kawirikawiri ntchito zida panja, koma zinthu ndi mano zozungulira zimakhudzidwa zida.

Features ndi mayina

Magawo waukulu underpin gulu la magiya, ali motere:

• Number mano - Z.
• Cm: - a.
• M'lifupi korona gudumu - b.
• Zozungulira chilolezo - ndi.
• Kutalika kwa mano miyendo - ha.
• Dzino kutalika - h.
• Phula awiri - d.
• The awiri koyamba - dw.
• M'mimba mwake wa cavities a mano - Dr.
• The m'mimba mwake kwa dzino pamwamba - da.

Kupanga magiya

mawilo zida anapangidwa pa mizere makina. Izi mizere apadera kwambiri anawagawa lalifupi ndi mabuku. Gulu loyamba amagwirizana ndi kokha kudula ndi kumalizitsa magiya. Chachiwiri ndi Zida zogwiritsira zolinga zosiyanasiyana kuti kupereka kupanga wathunthu wa magiya. Mu mizere amenewa ntchito makina zoopsa zoyenera mankhwala zida zida zina potsegula ndi katundu, ndi zipangizo zina zokha.

Mu mawilo zamakono mizere kupanga pakati pa makina yopanga kusintha zoyendera kulankhulana nthawi zambiri ntchito mu mawonekedwe a lamba ndi unyolo conveyors, ndi makina kutengerapo ngolo, zomwe kuthetsa zosayembekezereka wa dents kapena kupunduka ena.