Zamzitini nyama: GOST, Lachiwiri ndi olemba

Nyama ndi zam'chitini akusiyana nthawi yosungirako yaitali. kupatsa thanzi ndi mkulu mokwanira. mankhwala n'zosavuta kunyamula. Pali wapadera zomera kuti zokolola nawo lonse osiyanasiyana ogula. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakonda kupanga amamwa nyama zamzitini. Malinga ndi zomwe zili pa zinthu chopangidwa mu fakitare akhoza kusungidwa kwa 3-5 zaka popanda yaikulu kusintha.

Ulimi wa nyama zamzitini

Ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, kupanga ikuchitika mitundu yonse ya nyama, mafuta, umatuluka, mankhwala kusasanyiwa, osiyanasiyana zipangizo za masamba chiyambi. Mu kupanga zonunkhira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, magazi a nyama. nyama zamzitini anayikidwa mu chidebe osiyana. chidebe Izi zikhoza kukhala galasi kapena pepala zitsulo, zitsulo zotayidwa kapena ma polima. Makampani, wapadera unit wa muyeso. M'pofunika kuwerengera buku limene likupezeka zamzitini nyama (steamed). Standard amapereka magawo za gulu lino. Pamene iye anavomera banki makonzedwe. Ndi chidebe cylindrical lata. voliyumu yake - 353 ^cm3, awiri - 102,3 mm, kutalika - 52,8 mm. Pamene anasamutsa zitini thupi zinthu makonzedwe ntchito.

assortment

Zamzitini nyama pa msika zosiyanasiyana. Zamgululi zimagawidwa makamaka mwa zipangizo ntchito mu kupanga lapansi. Choncho, pali zamzitini katundu nyama, nkhuku ndi ng'ombe, nyama yankhumba, nyemba, monga chimanga, ndi zina. Malinga ntchito kusiyanitsa mankhwala:

1. Zakudya.
2. Ntchito mankhwala a.
3. Antchito.
4. Fast.

Makampani kuti pakhale nyama zam'chitini ndi ana. mankhwala amenewa ndi zofunika zapadera.

mbali

Zamzitini nyama anapangidwa kuchokera yaiwisi, chuma yokazinga kapena yophika yaiwisi. Pamene zotsimikizira ntchito: mafuta, mchere, tsabola, Bay tsamba. Ambiri zamzitini nyama - ng'ombe mphodza, nkhumba, mwanawankhosa. The zili mchere mu mankhwala amenewa 1.5%. Chiwerengero cha mafuta ndi nyama - pafupifupi 55%. mankhwala awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza maphunziro chachiwiri ndi loyamba. Zamzitini zinyalala - zosintha Pate ( "chiwindi", "Special", "Neva"), yokazinga impso, chiwindi, ubongo, lilime mu zakudya, mtima ndi zina zotero. Iwo ntchito makamaka chakudya kapena ngati pogulitsira zakudya mu kuzizira. Zamgululi zopangidwa nyama zopangidwa soseji nyama ( "Osiyana" "kwakung'ono", "nkhumba", "soseji" ndi zina zotero.).

Zikuphatikizapo ulimi wa nyama yankhumba kusuta ndi nyama yankhumba. Iwo kusema magawo kakang'ono ndipo kenako pasteurized pa kutentha madigiri 75. Komanso yopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama nkhuku zamzitini mu madzi ake, kuchokera sausages phwetekere msuzi, mafuta ndi msuzi wa akanadulidwa nyama creams. Komanso, magombe akhoza kupezeka zokongoletsa. Monga chimanga zam'chitini amasiyana ndi mtundu wa zopangira: myasobobovye, myasoovoschnye, myasomakaronnye ndi ena. Iwo ntchito pokonza wa mbale yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. mankhwala amenewa ali okonzeka kudya pambuyo kuphika.

A kusankha lonse la zam'chitini zamasamba ndi ana. Motero, kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ana kutulutsa katundu homogenized. Ana miyezi 7-9 opangidwa zamzitini puree, miyezi 9-12. - krupnoizmelchennye. Monga chuma chachikulu yaiwisi pa mankhwala kumasulidwa ndi: mbalame, lilime, chiwindi, nyama yamwana wang'ombe. Komanso ntchito ng'ombe. Pakati pa malonda otchuka monga ngati "nthano", "mwana", "Health".

khalidwe

Zamzitini nyama ayenera kutsatira malangizo anakhazikitsa ndi malamulo a ukhondo. Mankhwala khalidwe anatsimikiza mu nthawi ya phunziro organoleptic, thupi, mankhwala, ndi zina (ngati n'koyenera) - kusanthula bacteriological. Komanso mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa poona dongosolo la dziko la chidebe. Kusanthula nyama zamzitini, onani boma la phala, ndi ochititsa chizindikiro, pamaso / pakalibe zopindika mawanga dzimbiri pa ma CD, olemba, sagging mtengo solder. Padziko mkati muli mu madera abuluu pa njira yolera yotseketsa. M'chikontena galasi akhoza wapezeka ndi zolengeza mdima sulfide chitsulo. Kulibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu, koma kwambiri oipayo amawononganso maonekedwe a mankhwala.

nyama zamzitini organoleptically kufufuzidwa mu otentha kapena ozizira. Akatswiri amanena kukoma, maonekedwe, kununkhiza, kugwirizana kwa okhutira. Ngati chotengera alipo msuzi, onani losavuta kumva ndi mtundu. Kuona kuoneka chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa ndalama, makamaka stacking awo. Physico-mankhwala kusanthula mankhwala kumafuna kudziŵa mafuta ndi minofu minofu, tebulo mchere ndi nitrite msuzi, mkuwa, tini ndi mtovu. Zolemba malire woipa kololeka anakhazikitsa mfundo iliyonse mtundu wa zakudya zamzitini. Malinga ndi khalidwe ndi mtundu wa zipangizo, komanso makhalidwe organoleptic mankhwala opangidwa mitundu imodzi kapena ziwiri. Nyama zakale, mwachitsanzo, monga zamzitini yokazinga, yophika ng'ombe. ndi mokometseredwa nkhumba anapanga mtundu womwewo. Mphodza ng'ombe ndi mutton anapanga kalasi apamwamba kapena choyamba. Kwa iwo, zipangizo zopangira ntchito, motero, 1st kapena 2 gulu wamafuta.

Kodi imasonyeza nyama zamzitini?

Standard amapereka kuti okhwima, chimene mabanki ntchito mfundo amawathandiza. Kulemba alipo pamwamba pa silo lapansi. Mfundo ntchito ikuchitika kapena mpumulo njira ntchito angathe kufufutidwa. Pa chimakwirira zitini nelitografirovannyh zambiri mwachindunji motere:

1. Tsiku ndi mwezi kupanga - 2 manambala.
2. Chaka - otsiriza manambala 2.
3. kusintha chipinda.
4. № assortment (1-3 manambala). Ngati zaikidwa zamzitini nyama umafunika, apa anawonjezera kalata "B".

zilembo imodzi kapena ziwiri umatchedwanso dongosolo index kumene Mlengi ali. Zimenezi zingakhale:

1. A - nyama makampani.
2. Ndi - Zipatso ndi masamba.
3. Kp - adzasowa chakudya.
4. CA - Kugula.
5. LH - nkhalango.
6. MS - ulimi.

chomera chiwerengero zikusonyezedwa kanjedza 1-3. Olemba ndi mizere iwiri kapena itatu, malingana ndi awiri a kapu ya. Information akhoza kukhala anasonyeza pa chivundikiro kapena pa izo ndi pansi (kunja). Pa chakudya ana a zamzitini akadalembedwa monga "Mipingo yovomerezeka ndi unduna wa zaumoyo la Chitaganya cha Russia."

yosungirako

nyama zamzitini iyenela mu chipinda mpweya wokwanira ndi kusinthasintha kochepa kutentha. Chinyezi wachibale ayenera anakhalabe pa 75%. Pankhaniyi kutentha ayenera kukhala mkati madigiri 0-5 zoipa bwanji chitetezo cha mankhwala utachepa T (pansi pa ziro). Pa kutentha madigiri apamwamba kuposa 5 nkhani za chidebe iyamba kusuntha pa chitinicho. Izi akhoza kuchepetsa nthawi za nthawi yosungirako mankhwala.

yolera yotseketsa

Iwo ali zimakhudza kwambiri pa nkhani za zitini ndi. Yolera yotseketsa ndi mapangidwe zomangira khola mapuloteni. Izi nayenso amachepetsa digestibility chakudya zamzitini ndi pafupifupi 20%. Komanso, ena amino zidulo ndi mavitamini (threonine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine) anatayika pa njira yolera yotseketsa. Chotero kwa amino asidi monga lysine, chifuniro limbikirani poipa pambuyo pasteurization pa 70 madigiri. Pang'ono kupasuka extractives, makamaka asafe munali pawiri.

Pamene njira yolera yotseketsa ndi 30% anawononga creatine, zomwe zimafunika mapangidwe kukoma. Pamene limawola n'kusanduka anapanga asidi uric ndi sarcosine. Mavitamini kutaya ntchito yawo, ndi ascorbic asidi ali inawonongedwa. Pang'ono kupasuka mavitamini B-gulu. Choncho, mu kumatula kwa 80%, ndipo B2 - 75%. Mavitamini A ndiponso D kugwa pa 40% gzitamin H - 60%. Mosavuta sulfhydryl magulu mtundu wa hydrogen sulfide pamaso pa oxygen. Izi zimapangitsa sulfitation chotengera khoma. Komanso, ayoni chitsulo alipo mu mankhwala, kupanga sulfite Black chitsulo.

nkhani Features

Khola kwambiri yosungirako amaonedwa zamzitini mphodza. Ulimi wa nyama, sausages ali pa osapitirira madigiri 5. Yosungirako nthawi zamzitini imene masamba mafuta alipo, kupatula yaitali. M'kupita kwa nthawi, dzimbiri akuyamba mkati mwa malata akhoza. Iwo ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri okhutira malata zimawonedwa pambuyo 3-4 miyezi chabe. Pamene kuzizira chakudya mu nthawi yosungirako mwina leakproof muli kusokonekera varnish pa pamwamba lata. Komanso, kutentha otsika kungasokoneze pa maonekedwe ndi kugwirizana kwa okhutira.

Kukonzekera kukhazikitsa

Pambuyo kupanga ndi kutulutsidwa kwa firiji zamzitini m'chilimwe ayenera anaika mu chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 10 mpaka 12. Kuletsa madzi ndi maonekedwe wotsatira wa dzimbiri pa gombe ayenera kuwonjezera mpweya wabwino. Pambuyo popanga chakudya zam'chitini ayenera kulimbana kwa miyezi 3. Nthawi imeneyi, pali mayikidwe a makhalidwe organoleptic. Zimenezi ndi yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa zonunkhira, mchere, mafuta, ndi mbali zina, komanso mu kuwombola limasonyeza pakati pa misa wandiweyani ndi madzi.

Pomaliza

Pa yosungirako, angathe oumbidwa zitini - bombazh. Izo zikhoza kukhala microbiological, thupi kapena mankhwala. Pa nthawi yomweyo zimasunga kuwonongeka akhoza saonetsa zizindikiro kunja. Zoyambitsa mu Zikatero kungakhale: zakisaniya zili kudzikundikira katundu zitsulo salt. Mu malo kasungidwe katundu zam'chitini masitolo anapanga lisanathe tsiku lomalizira. Iye anati mu / zikalata luso zolimbana kapena mu pangano chakudya.