George Romanov: banja, biography. Grand Duke George Alexandrovich

Grand Duke George Aleksandrovich Romanov anali m'bale wa mfumu ya Russia Nicholas II. Iye anali mwana wachitatu m'banja la autocrat Alexander III ndi Maria Feodorovna.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

George anabadwa pa April 27 (May 9) mu 1871 ku Tsarskoe Selo (Ufumu wa Russia). Zimadziwika kuti poyamba anali mwana wokongola, wathanzi, wamphamvu komanso wokondwa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti George ankadziwika kuti ndi wokondedwa wa amayi ake, analeredwa molimba, monga abale ena. Anyamatawo anagona m'mabedi a asilikali, anapita 6 koloko m'mawa ndikuzisamba ndi madzi ozizira. Chakudya chawo chinali ndi mkate wakuda ndi tirigu, ndipo amadya chakudya champhongo kapena nyama yophika ndi mbatata yophika. Pamene George anali ndi zaka 11, chifukwa cha zochitika zina iye adajambula, ngakhale kuti nkhondoyi siinali yosiyana ndi banja lachifumu.

Panthawi imeneyo, banja lachifumuli nthawi zambiri ankakhala ku Gatchina Palace. Kumeneko kunali anyamata aang'ono, chipinda chamaseŵera, chipinda chodyera ndi chipinda chodyera, omwe anali ndi zipinda zonyumba. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'nyumba zawo chinali chizindikiro chachikulu, chokongoletsedwa ndi ngale ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Nkhani za matendawa

Kawirikawiri kuphunzira kwa abale kunkachitika m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti analibe chifukwa chotsutsana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, aphunzitsi onse anali ndi aphunzitsi omwewo. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti adapatsidwa maphunziro apamwamba, monga maphunziro omwe amaphunzitsidwa ndi aprofesa enieni. Anyamatawa anali okhoza kwambiri, monga umboni wakuti iwo anali bwino French, German ndi English, komanso analankhula bwino Danish. Komanso, anyamatawo ankakonda kusodza ndikuwomberedwa.

Georgiy Romanov anakulira ngati mnyamata wanzeru ndipo ankayembekezera kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino mu Navy. Mwatsoka, izi sizinali zoti zichitike. Anagwidwa ndi matenda aakulu, ndipo pasanapite nthawi madokotala anamupeza ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Mu 1890, makolo ake adaganiza kuti George ayenera kupita kunja. Paulendo umenewu adatsagana ndi mkulu wake Nicholas. Iwo amayenera kubwera ku Japan, chifukwa Mkazi Maria Feodorovna ankakhulupirira kuti mpweya ndi dzuwa zimathandiza mwana wake wodwala kuti adzire. Koma ku Bombay George anaukira, zomwe zinamukakamiza kubwerera ku Russia. Nicholas anayenera kupitiliza kuyenda popanda mbale wake.

Malo a ku Caucasus

Thanzi la George likukulirakulira, kotero adaganiza zomutumiza ku Abastumani - mudzi wawung'ono wa ku Georgiya, womwe uli pansi pa mapiri a Meskhetian. Ndiyenera kunena kuti kusankha kumeneku sikunali mwangozi. Ngakhale zinalidzidzidzi za nyengo yapadera, chilengedwe chokongola ndi malo opatsa moyo a malo amenewo. Pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukhalanso malo otchuka kwambiri. Kuno, anthu okhala m'midzi yapafupi adayamba kuchipatala, atanyamula achibale awo odwala ndikukhala m'nyumba zazing'ono pafupi ndi malo osambira omwe anakonzedwa m'dzikolo.

Nchifukwa chiyani Abastumani adasankhidwa kuti azisamalira George? Zikudziwika kuti asanamutumize kuno, malo angapo ankaganiziridwa kuti mnyamata angakhale bwinoko. Iwo anaima ku Abastumani ndi nyengo yake yapadera. Izi zinaperekedwa makamaka ndi Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich, yemwe panthawiyo anali bwanamkubwa ku Caucasus. Iye ankakonda kwambiri dera lino ndipo anali ndi chikhulupiriro chochiritsira chapadera cha nyengo yake. Pano anali ndi ana anayi, omwe pambuyo pake ankathera nthawi yambiri ndi Georgi Romanov.

Kufika ku Caucasus

Mu 1891, Maria Feodorovna, pamodzi ndi mwana wake wodwala, ambiri mwa anthu omwe anabwerera kumalowa ndi abambo, anabwera ku Abastumani. Poyamba, munda unagulidwa ku Adolph Remmert, woyang'anira zachipatala ku Caucasus, yemwe ankayang'anira ntchito yomanga madzi a mchere. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba kumanga nyumba zazing'ono komanso kuswa mahema kwa antchito ndi alonda. Mkaziyo, mwana wake komanso malo oyandikana nawo amakhazikika m'nyumba zabwino za anthu olemekezeka.

Padakali pano, kubwezeredwa kwapadera kwa malo otchedwa nyumba zachifumu - mwala umodzi ndi matabwa awiri - anali pa malo owomboledwa. Nyumba zimenezi zinali zachilendo kwambiri. Makoma a nyumba zachifumu anapangidwa ndi nkhuni zowonongedwa ndi zishango, kenako zinakonzedwa. Ankaganiza kuti m'nyumba izi zikhala bwino. M'nyumba imodzi yachifumu zipinda zonse zinali zokongoletsedwa ndi amisiri aluso omwe anaika zitsulo zokongola kuchokera kumatala awo, ndipo mu holo panali malo aakulu amoto. Pa chipinda chachiwiri munali zipinda zogona, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi masitepe aakulu.

Moyo ku Abastumani

M'tawuni yaying'ono, nthawi inapita pang'onopang'ono. Ponena za moyo wa George Romanov palibe chidziwitso chopezeka. Ziri zodziwika kuti apa iye anali ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala, ndipo m'chilimwe iye ankapita ku malo okongola ndi kuphunzira. Mnzake wokhulupirika anali nthawi zonse Georgii Mikhailovich, yemwe nthaŵi zambiri ankatchedwa Georgy m'Chijojiya. Iye anabadwira ku Tiflis ndipo anali wodziwa bwino mbiri yakale, kuyambira ali mwana adakondwera kwambiri ndi malo amenewa ndi zipilala zambiri zamakedzana.

Grand Duke George Romanov adakondana ndi dera lino. Cholinga cholimba kwambiri pa iye chinapangidwa ndi amonke a Zarzma, omwe adayendera limodzi ndi mnzake wina dzina lake Georgy Mikhailovich. Pambuyo pake, zomangamanga za amonkewa zinamupangitsa kusankha zochita pomanga tchalitchi choperekedwa kwa Alexander Nevsky, yemwe anali naye kumwamba. Kuwongolera kwake kunatsogoleredwa ndi Otto Simanson.

Wolowa nyumba Cesarevitch

Mu 1894, bambo wa George Romanov, Emperor Alexander III, amangofa mosayembekezereka. Mbale Nicholas akukhala wotsutsakhristu watsopano. Komabe, analibe ana panthawiyo, choncho Georget adalengezedwa kuti wolowa nyumba-tsesarevich. Umoyo wake unali woipa, choncho kwa kanthawi iye ankakhala ku Abastumani nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi bambo ake pamene anamwalira ku Livadia, madokotala adamulepheretsa kupita ku Petersburg kukachita nawo maliro.

Chisangalalo chenicheni cha George chinali ulendo wa amayi ake Maria Feodorovna, osowa panthawiyo. Mu 1895, adapita ku Denmark kukhala achibale. Kumeneko kunali chimodzi mwa ziwawa zoopsa zomwe zinachitika, zomwe kwa nthawi yaitali zidakalipira George mpaka pa kama. Atakhala bwino, adabwerera ku Abastumani.

Thandizo Labwino

Ngakhale kuti anali ndi matenda aakulu, Tsarevich George Romanov sanasungulumwenso. Abastumani adayendera amayi ake nthawi zambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, alongo ake ndi abale ake ankamuyendera nthaŵi zonse, komanso ana a Prince Mikhail Nikolaevich, akalonga aakulu, omwe amakhala ku Caucasus mpaka kalekale.

Malo okondana anali kuyesa kuthetsa maganizo a George okhumudwa ndi mphamvu komanso zoyenera. Anapanga picnic zoseketsa, madzulo okondweretsa, mipira yokwera mtengo, yomwe inali yabwino kwambiri panthawiyo ku Petersburg. Osati kokha kuchokera ku Tiflis, komanso kuchokera ku likululikulu, achinyamata ambiri anabwera kudzamuwona. Zimadziwika kuti mkulu wa korona uja anabatiza mwana wamkazi wa Artemy Kalamkarov, yemwe ndi mkulu wa positi ofesi yapafupi. Mwa njira, mkazi wa msilikaliyo anachita nawo mbali mu moyo wa khoti la abastumanic. Zikuwoneka kuti palibe chomwe chimadwalitsa matenda.

Imfa ya Cesarevitch

Lachitatu, June 28, 1899, 9 koloko m'mawa. George akuganiza kuti ayende kuzungulira Abastumani. Kuti achite zimenezi, anapempha kuti amupatse njinga yamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito injini ya mafuta. Nyengo inali yabwino, ndipo mphepo yosangalatsa inali kuwomba. Grand Duke mwamsanga anakwera mumsewu wopita ku Zakar Pass. Pasanapite nthawi anazindikira kutsogolo kwa galimoto imene ankagwira Anna Dasoeva ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, yemwe anali mkaka waukwati, mnyamata wotchedwa Athanasius Semenikhin. Kalonga adalengeza ndipo adapereka kwa iye, akutumiza ngolo yawo pamsewu.

Pasanathe mphindi khumi, thrush anaona George akutembenuka pa tricycle yake mmbuyo, koma kale pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo adazindikira mkanjo wake wamoto, ndikukumana ndi mavuto, adamutumiza mnyumbayo, ndipo iye adathamangira kwa kalonga. Asilikali anangomusiya mwamsanga, choncho anamuthandiza kugwa pansi. Posakhalitsa Anna Dasoeva anaona kuti mawanga anayamba kuonekera pa nkhope ya George. Pa maola 935. Wolowa nyumba wa Prince Crown ndi Grand Duke sanakhalepo. Anali ndi zaka 28 zokha.

Zifukwa za imfa

Ndipo pomwepo, atumizidwa ku nyumba yachifumu, Athanasius Semenikhin adanena za tsoka. Kumalo a zovutazo, mwiniwake wa zachipatala Aikanov ndi anthu angapo ochokera kwa kalongayo anabwerera mwamsanga. Thupi la George linatengedwera kupita ku nyumba yachifumu, ndipo pamalo pomwe iye anafera, anaika chihema ndikuchiikapo.

Mmawa wotsatira autopsy inkachitidwa, ndiyeno kudzoza kwa thupi kunayendetsedwa ndi Bambo Birulya, mkulu wa chipatala cha St. Petersburg Semyonovsk, yemwe anali kupumula ku Abastumani. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo panali mkulu wa asilikali, Major-General Rylsky, woweruza milandu Niemander, ch. Dokotala wa chipatala chapafupi, Bambo Gopadze, komanso madokotala Maksimovich, Tekutyev, Voskresensky ndi ena. Vutoli linawulula kuti imfa ya mvulayi inali chifukwa cha mitsuko ya pulmonary yomwe mwadzidzidzi inatuluka, zomwe zinayambitsa mliri woopsa kwambiri. Kukhazika thupi kwa thupi kunatsirizidwa kokha madzulo.

Kupembedza

Kuyambira tsiku la imfa, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu am'deralo chayamba kudutsa m'malo mwa tsoka. Patangopita masiku awiri, phulusa la Grand Duke linayamba kulambiridwa m'nyumba yachifumu, linayamba kuvomereza aliyense amene akufuna kulandira mtsogoleri wolowa nyumbayo. Thupi lake linakhala mu bokosi laling'ono lodzaza ndi mbendera yamphepete mwa nyanja. Grand Duke mwiniwake anali atavala yunifolomu yapamadzi.

Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chinayi, mapulusa a Georgiy Romanov anasamukira ku tchalitchi cha Alexander Nevsky. Apa, mwambo wa maliro unachitikira, ndipo kumapeto kwa maliro, anapezeka ndi oimira magulu osiyanasiyana, maboma ndi akuluakulu. Anne Dasoyeva nayenso analoledwa kupezekapo, amene Grand Duke anamwalira m'manja mwake.

Njira yopita ku St. Petersburg

Mpingo umawerenga Uthenga usiku wonse. 7 July pa 4:15. M'mawa mwake Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich anafika, pamodzi ndi oimira akuluakulu a boma. Posakhalitsa bokosilo linatengedwera kufumbi ndipo linaikidwa pamtunda. Pambuyo pake, gulu lotsogolera lotsogolera atsogoleri achipembedzo ndikupita ndi gulu la asilikali linasamukira ku Borjomi. Atafika, bokosi limodzi ndi thupi la Grand Duke linaikidwa m'galimoto yowopsa, yomwe inali kutumikira ku Batumi.

Kumeneko, ulendo wachisoni unakumana ndi Mkazi Maria Feodorovna, alongo ndi abale ake omwe anamwalira, komanso Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. Ku Batumi iwo anafika pa chikepe "George Wopambana", amene anatsogozedwa ndi gulu la Black Sea. Bokosilo linasamutsidwa kupita kumalo osungiramo katundu ndipo linaperekedwa ku sitimayo. Kumeneko anakhazikitsidwa pa anthu ogwira ntchito m'ngalawamo, atazungulira ndi zomera zokongola za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pambuyo pake, chida choyamba chija chinayamba kuzungulira mabwato ndi mabasiketi ndi anthu omwe ankafuna kuti apite kwa afiti zarevich. 10 koloko. Mphindi 15 Sitimayo inapita ku Novorossiysk. Kuchokera kumeneko bokosilo linatengedwa ndi sitima kupita ku Rostov-on-Don. Sitima ya maliro yomwe ili pamsewuyo imayimilira kangapo kukachita maliro. M'mawa wa July 11, anafika ku Moscow, ndipo tsiku lotsatira madzulo - ku St. Petersburg.

Manda

Kuikidwa m'manda kwa Georgi Romanov, yemwe mbiri yake inali yochepa kwambiri, unachitika pa July 14. Liturgy ndi kuikidwa m'manda zinachitidwa ndi Metropolitan Anthony mu Peter ndi Paul Cathedral, pambuyo pake panthawi yomwe anamwalira kwa wakufayo.

Maria Feodorovna ndiye anali woyamba kuyandikira bokosilo, kenako mchimwene wamkulu wa womwalirayo, Nikolai Wachiwiri. Pambuyo pawo, banja lonse lachifumu linasintha kuchoka ku Grand Duke. Bokosi limodzi ndi thupi lake linatsikira m'manda, pafupi ndi sarcophagus ya Alexander III.

Kumbukirani

Emperor Nicholas II sanaiwale konse za mchimwene wake George Aleksandrovich. Pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri ankakumbukira zosangalatsa zake. Ngakhale analemba nthabwala zake zabwino kwambiri pamapepala, kenako anawasonkhanitsa m'bokosi lapadera lotchedwa "bokosi la chidwi." Zaka zingapo kenaka Nicholas ankakonda kupita kumalo ake, kuti azisangalatsa banja lake.

Mu 1910, pamene mwana wa Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich anabadwa, anamutcha dzina lake George polemekeza mbale wake wamkulu. Mwatsoka, nayenso sanakhalitse moyo wautali. Ali ndi zaka 21 anafa pangozi yapamsewu yamoto. Amadziŵikanso kuti polemekeza Grand Duke George Romanov, malo otchedwa Georgesfeld, omwe anakhazikitsidwa mu 1885 ndi amwenye a ku Germany, omwe ali ku Transcaucasia, amatchulidwa. Tsopano ndi kuthetsa kwa Chinarly (Azerbaijan).

Kafukufuku wa mafupa

Mu 1994, kunali kofunika kufufuza DNA ya mabwinja a banja lachifumu ku Yekaterinburg mu 1918. Chifukwa cha ichi, adasankha kuchotsa thupi la mchimwene wake wa Nikolai 2 Georgy Romanov. Ndondomekoyi imathetsa vuto lakale la kupeza DNA ya wachibale wina wa mtsogoleri wodzipha, monga mbadwa zakunja zinakana kukonza zinthu zawo.

Chotsatira cha maphunzirowa a ma filosoti chinali chigamulo chakuti kuchokera ku zolakwa, zachipatala ndi za sayansi zotsatira zake zinali zabwino kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawonekedwe a George Romanov amagwirizana ndi DNA ya chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa "mafupa nambala 4". Zinali pansi pa chiwerengero ichi omwe otsalira a Mfumu Yachiwiri yotsiriza ya Nicholas II analembedwa.