Zithunzi ndi zochitika kuchokera ku moyo wa Maxim Krivonos

Ponena za mtsogoleri wa asilikali a ku Ukraine ndi Colonel Cossack wotchedwa Maxim Krivonos (zaka za moyo: 1600 - 1648), pali nthano zambiri komanso nthano zambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, moyo wake uli ngati nyenyezi yowala yomwe inayambira pomwe mbiri ikuyandikira ndipo mwamsanga inamwalira. Pambuyo pake, ntchito ya Krivonos inangotha miyezi ingapo chabe. Koma za chirichonse mu dongosolo.

Kodi Akrivonos anali wa ku Scotland?

Kodi chiyambi cha Maxim Krivonos ndi chiani? Chidziwitso cha chidziwitso cha mkulu uyu ndi chochepa kwambiri. Mwachidziwikire, pali zambiri zokhudza chaka chatha cha moyo wake. Koma tiyeni tiyese kupeza: kodi anachita chiyani asanafike 1648, makolo ake anali ndani?

Choncho, malinga ndi umodzi wa Mabaibulo, Krivonos anabadwa mu 1600 m'banja losauka. Bambo ake anali wosula. Maxim anali ndi m'bale yemwe anamwalira ku nkhondo ya Pilyavets. Tidzabwerera ku zochitika patapita kanthawi.

M. Krivonos anali ndi mwana mmodzi yekha. Zikudziwika kuti panthawi ya nkhondo yowomboledwa adafika pa udindo wa nduna ya Cossack.

Ponena za dzina lenileni la msilikali wadziko lino, ofufuzawo sanakhale ndi lingaliro lofanana. Ena amanena - nthawi ina Maxim anapha mphuno zake. N'chifukwa chake dzina loti dzina la Colonel - Krivonos kapena Perebynos. Ena amakhulupirira kuti panali banja lolemekezeka lotchedwa Krivonos ku Mstislavshchina. Enanso amakhulupirira - woyang'anira anali wa ku Scotsman. Mulimonsemo, ngati mutanthauzira dzina lachi Scottish "Cameron", mupeza "mphuno yokhotakhota".

Nkhani yoyamba yotchulidwa kuti Krivonos

Ntchito zonse zotchuka za Maxim Krivonos, kwenikweni, zinangokhala miyezi ingapo chabe. Unali chaka cha 1648. M'chaka cha Bogdan Khmelnitsky anakambirana ndi oimira akuluakulu a korona hetman N. Potocki. A Cossacks adasankha zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi szlachta: iwo adafuna kuchoka kwa maboma a boma, mapeto a mgwirizano waulere ndi olamulira akunja, ndipo adafunanso nkhondo ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman. Ogwirizanitsa a Commonwealth anakana zochitika za Cossacks ndipo anayamba kusonkhanitsa gulu lankhondo motsutsana ndi opandukawo kuti athetse nawo.

Komabe, Khmelnytsky adasankha kusonkhanitsa ankhondo ake. M'gulu lake adagwirizana ndi gulu lakumenyana la Cossack Maxim Krivonos, yemwe posakhalitsa anakhala mtsogoleri wa asilikali a Zaporozhye.

Kuchokera masiku oyambirira a mpikisano umenewu, anali pafupi ndi Khmelnitsky, yemwe anayamikira zida za nkhondo za Krivonos, ankamuona kuti ndi wokhulupirika komanso wolimba mtima.

Nkhondo Yoyamba

Nkhondo yoyamba pakati pa Cossacks ndi Apoles inachitika mu masika omwewo a 1648, pansi pa Madzi a Yellow. A Tatkop a Perekop analowa nawo ku Zaporozhians. Chifukwa chake, magulu ankhondo a hetman anawonongedwa. Mphatso yaufulu ya Colonel Krivonos inalankhula panthawiyo ponena za iye mwini.

Kugonjetsa kwina kwakukulu - Nkhondo ya Korsun mu May 1648 - ikuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazofunikira mu nkhondo iyi ya ufulu.

Ankhondo okwana 25,000, otsogoleredwa ndi korona hetman Pototsky, anali mumsasa wotetezedwa pafupi ndi Korsun. Khmelnytsky adakwanitsa kufotokoza molakwika mdaniyo kuti anali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Pototsky anachoka pamsasa kuti agwirizanitse ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zinabwera. Pa nthawi yomweyo bungwe la Cossack la Colonel Krivonos linapita kumbuyo kwa gulu lankhondo la Poland. Izi, makamaka, zinagonjetsa tsogolo la nkhondo yonse.

Krivonos ndi maulendowo ankatsata mbali za kumbuyo kwa Potocki. Msilikaliyo adakwanitsa kulandira korona wa hetman, komanso olamulira ambiri.

Nkhondo ya Maxim Krivonos ndi Jeremiah Vishnevetsky

Panthawiyi gulu la Krivonos linasanduka gulu lankhondo lopanduka. Komabe, magulu atsopano a Kalonga Jeremiah Vishnevetsky anapita kwa opandukawo. Cholinga cha kalongayo chinali chilango cha opandukawo. Iye anakwanitsa kulanda malo angapo. Koma pambuyo pake polojekitiyi idaperekedwa kwa Cossacks, ku Krivonos. Choncho, m'chilimwe cha 1648, katswiri wamkulu wa Lisyansky Maxim Krivonos anatenga Makhnovka. Pakati pa July - Polonnym. Mwa njirayi, linga limeneli linkatengedwa kuti ndi lala lamalonda kwambiri. Komabe, adaniwo adathawa, kusiya Cossacks pafupifupi mfuti makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Akrivonos ankakonzekera nkhondo iliyonse, nthaŵi zonse anali ndi zida zankhondo kapena zamatsenga. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya kuphulika kwa Nemiroff, msilikaliyo anawatumizira anthu kumeneko. Iwo anasandulika kukhala yunifolomu za nkhondo ya Commonwealth ya Polish-Lithuanian ndipo anadzipeza okha mu linga. Kotero, Cossacks anakhala ambuye a tauniyi. Koma chofunika kwambiri, sizinapweteke kwambiri.

Nkhondo ya nkhondo

Kumapeto kwa July, zigawo za Krivonos zinapezeka pa Bar Fortress. Nyumbayi inalimbikitsidwa kuposa Polonnoe. Kuonjezera apo, iye adali ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri. Inali yokutidwa ndi madzi otentha odzazidwa ndi madzi, ndi mtsinje. Popeza kuti malinga akuoneka kuti sangathe kupirira, Colonel Krivonos adayamba kupusitsa. Anauza a Cossacks kuti amange nsanja zingapo. Pamene ena anali kumanga, gawo lina la anthu linayamba kupanga mapulani. Zonse zikachitika, "kukwera" kwa Cossack pa malo oyandamawa kunali m'mitsinje. Cossacks anaponyera udzu ndi udzu pamenepo - ndi kuwotcha pamoto. Kuphimba utsi wandiweyani unapachikidwa pa nsanja. Panthawiyi, nsanja zonyamula zinyumba zinayamba kusunthira kumalo ena a khoma kumene Amalonda sankagwira asilikali ambiri, kuyembekezera mdani kumbali ya chipata kapena mtsinje.

Chotsatira chake, Krivonos inalowa mumzinda wosasinthika. Apolisiwo adatenga zida zankhondo ndi zakudya. Ndipo kugwa kwa nsanja ziwiri za ku Poland kunapangitsa kumverera kwenikweni pakati pa anthu.

Kumangidwa kwa koloneliyo

Mwatsoka, zida zankhondo zinkaphatikizidwa ndi ozunzidwa pakati pa anthu osalakwa. Atsogoleri a chipani cha Cossack anakumbukira kuti anali wankhanza kwambiri. Komano, "mwanzeru" imeneyi, Prince Vishnevetsky mwiniwakeyo anadziŵika.

Kukhoza kukhazikitsa ulamuliro mu nkhondo iyi ya ufulu kunadalira zochita za Krivonos ndi kalonga. Ndipotu, chifukwa chake, oimira akuluakulu a boma a Rzeczpospolita ndi Khmelnitsky anawadzudzula chifukwa cha kusokoneza mtendere. The hetman anavomereza kwa Apolisi kuti iye analamula Krivonos kuti asagwire nawo nkhondo kapena mumzinda wothamanga. Iye adadzipatula yekha kuchokera ku zochita za woyambayo-mmanja. Zoona, akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amakayikira kwambiri kuti Khmelnitsky analankhula mawu okweza ...

Zili choncho, m'mabuku ena nkhani ya Maxim Krivonos ili ndi mfundo zomwe zimatsimikizira nkhondo yaikulu pakati pa hetman ndi Colonel. Kotero, mu "nkhambano" yotereyi Khmelnitsky anamanga Krivonos. Anamangirira kumangoni. Zoonadi, patatha tsiku, koloniyo anapanduka.

Nkhondo ya Pilyavets

Kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1648, pamene chisokonezocho chinasweka, mbali zonse ziwiri zinayamba kukonzekera nkhondo yovuta. Vishnevetsky anatha kusonkhanitsa mphamvu zatsopano. Khmelnitsky ndi Krivonos anakumana ku Podillia. Kwa iwo a Tatata anawathandizanso. Asilikali onse otsutsanawo anawoloka pafupi ndi mudzi wa Pilyavtsi, pamtsinje wa dzina lomwelo, lomwe linali pafupi ndi nyanja. Kuti amusunge, mtsogoleriyo analamula Krivonos kuti apite kumbuyo kwa adani. Zotsatira zake, a Cossacks sanangotenga kampando ku Poland, koma adagonjetsanso zipilala, zomwe zinalipo mfuti zana.

Ndipo pamene Amalonda anayamba kubwerera, koloneli anabwera ndi msampha wina kwa iwo. Amagulu a ku Poland anali pa mlatho kudutsa Msuzi. Ndipo Krivonos anadutsa pamtunda ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito matendawa, adalumikiza, zomwe zinapangitsa kugwa kwa mlatho. Adani anali ndi mantha kwambiri moti asilikali ena anathawira ku mzinda wa Lviv.

Kutenga High Castle

Kugonjetsedwa pansi pa Pilyavtsi kunatsegulidwa msewu wotsutsa Lviv. Nkhondo imeneyi inali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la maganizo, chifukwa gulu lankhondo la Poland linathawa kunkhondo. Iye mwini Vishnevetsky anafika ku Lvov, ndipo anatenga chuma n'kupita ku Zamosc. Muwuwu, mzindawu sunali wokonzeka kuzingidwa. Ngakhale kuti Amalonda adakwanitsa kuwononga maderawa kuti athetse malo a Cossacks omwe ali ndi mwayi wopindulitsa.

Khmelnitsky anakana mwachindunji. Chowonadi chiri chakuti pamwamba pa mzindawo - pa phiri - anali pa High Castle. The hetman anatumiza Krivonos ndi asilikali ake kuti atenge nsanja iyi. Pamene idagwa, anthu a mumzindawu adangoyamba kukambirana. Zotsatira zake, anthu a Lviv adapereka ndalama zambiri, ndipo Cossacks anachotsa kuzungulira mzindawo.

Malo otsiriza

Mu November Khmelnitsky ndi Krivonos anapita ku Zamo ć. Kutenga malowa kunatsegula njira yopita ku Warsaw. Koma asilikali a Cossack atopa kale. Komanso, kuzizira kunayamba. Mliri wa mliri unaphatikizidwira ku mliriwo. Koloneliyo anali mmodzi wa odwala. Iwo anayesa kumuchitira iye. Chinachake chinathandizidwa ndi mmodzi wa ochiritsa opembedza. Komabe, Krivonos idatha ngakhale kuyambanso kuzungulira Zamosc.

M'nyumbayi munali asilikali zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri, iwo analibe chakudya. Mkulu Vishnevetsky, yemwe anatsogolera mzindawu, anathamanganso. Panthawiyi, a Cossacks amatha kukakamiza Amalonda kuti apereke mzindawo. Krivonos analankhulanso kuti apitirize kulimbana.

Koma Khmelnytsky anasaina mgwirizano ndi mbali ya dziko la Poland ndipo adalamula a Cossacks kuti asiye nkhondo. Chisankho ichi, mwa zozizwitsa zozizwitsa, chinafanana ndi imfa yadzidzidzi ya Colonel Krivonos. Iye anaikidwa ku Kiev.

Chifukwa cha imfa ya Maxim Krivonos sichidziwika. Iwo amati iye anafa ndi mliri pambuyo pa zonse. Ena amanena kuti izi zinasinthidwa pansi pa chinsinsi cha Khmelnitsky, yemwe ankafuna kuthetsa mpikisano woopsa. Ena amakhulupirira kuti koloneli wopandukayo anavulazidwa panthawi ya Zamosc.