Ob: chikhalidwe cha otaya ndi mikhalidwe Hrs

Total pa mapu a Russia, pali za miliyoni 2.5 za mitsinje. Ambiri a iwo ndi mitsinje yaing'ono. Komabe, ena kufika kufanana moona chachikulu. Mmodzi wa madzi awa - ndi ob.

General maonekedwe a mtsinje

The akulowera wa ob Mtsinje ndi mbali yake yaikulu. Mosiyana ndi mitsinje ina Russian, wasefukira kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto. Ob ndi mtsinje yaitali mu Russia. M'litali kuposa ngakhale utali wa mitsinje monga Yenisei ndi Lena. Malo okwana beseni ake ali pafupifupi 3 miliyoni sq M.. Km, umene uli kasanu lalikulu kuposa m'dera la France.

Ob, monga tanenera kale, ndi mtsinje yaitali m'dera lonse la Russia. kusambira dziwe ake anafa m'mayiko ena - mwachitsanzo, Mongolia ndi China. Mtsinjewu uli mitundu yambiri chakudya: matalala, mvula ndi matalala. Pa magombe ace zambiri m'mizinda. Iwo imaphwera mu Gulf wa ob. Liwiro avareji otaya wa ob Mtsinje 5 km / h.

chapamwamba ob

Pool otchedwa mtsinje mwachirengedwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana malo osiyanasiyana ndi nyengo. Kumbali yakum'mwera adakali pachibwenzi kumbuyo mtsinje ndi zipululu otentha ndi theka-zipululu. Kumpoto - ndi ozizira Titafika pamalo m'deralo. waterway onse salembedwa chidagawika patatu: chapamwamba, pakati ndi kutsikira. Panthawiyo kumene awiri kuphatikiza mu otchuka mitsinje Biya ndi Katun, ndipo zimachokera mtsinje ob. Chikhalidwe cha otaya mderali zimadalira zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi.

Pakamwa wa Tomi Dolina Obi lonse. Tsambali amatchedwa chapamwamba. Apa, otaya ali mwachilungamo mkulu liwiro, koma koposa mtsinje imakulitsa, ndi pang'onopang'ono ndiponso otetezeka otaya madzi ake. Kama mtsinje kawirikawiri unkagunda mkulu banki kumanzere, ndipo pansipa Novosibirsk izo kukodzedwa 20 Km. Ngakhale m'munsi otaya mu makhwawa awiri a ob - Chumysh kumbali lamanja ndi lamanzere Aley. Kodi mwachangu kapena pang'onopang'ono pa ob zimadalira malo ake. Mwachitsanzo, pansi miyala pa confluence Katun Bii ndi chifukwa liwiro mkulu wa otaya mtsinje mderali.

Mwa njira, mu nthawi yophukira ndi chilimwe mu malo mungathe kusunga chodabwitsa chidwi. Pa mbali ya padziko mtsinje pano zikuoneka kuti wovulidwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa ziwiri madzi mitsinje yaikulu utoto ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi osokonezeka yomweyo. Kamaoneka madzi Katun ndi yochitidwa Bia kupanga chotsatira.

pafupifupi ob

Pa ulendo wake wautali ob amatenga madzi amakhazikitsa Siberia phiri mitsinje. mvetserani mawu ake akudutsa kudutsa West Siberia Plain, izo lagawidwa manja, ducts. Nyengo akubwera, m'dera ichi amalenga nkhambakamwa za thupi wopandamalire wa madzi ndi zilumba kakang'ono ka dziko.

Avereji ob ndi gawo lotsatira, nagawanika salembedwa mtsinje. Umayamba m'kamwa mwa mtsinje Tom , ndipo itha kumene amalowa ob Irtysh. Mu mbali pakati pa mtsinje unkagunda otchedwa kumtunda Belogorsk - phiri laling'ono.

M'madera ena, lonse (kuposa 50km) akukhala mtsinje ob. Chikhalidwe cha madziwo - olemera. Lilinso ducts ambiri. Pambuyo pa confluence a Irtysh njira zake, waterway akasintha kolowera, kutembenuzira kumpoto. Kachigawo floodplain wa Middle ob ndi pakati pa 20 ndi 30 Km, ndi Valley - 30-50 Km.

m'munsi ob

Chiwembu ku Gulf of ob otchedwa wotsika ob. Apa, m'lifupi kwake kwa 3 7 km. Valley Mtsinje asymmetric: banki yake phompho mawonekedwe wokutidwa ndi nkhalango, ndi kumanzere M'malo mwake, kuphwa. Chaka chilichonse, chikhalidwe cha kusintha mtsinje bedi. Channel, kutsuka kutali phompho banki lamanja ndi lamanzere titatenga matopewo, kusintha mawonekedwe ake.

Chigumula m'chaka ndi wakuti amene ali mtsinje ob. Chikhalidwe cha otaya mu malire apansi makhwawa wake chifukwa kukhalapo kwa wamphamvu - Tom ndi Irtysh. Pakuti wotsika ob masika kusefukira kwa madzi ndi madzi osefukira yotentha kuphatikiza mu yoweyula champhamvu.

Mapangidwe ayezi chivundikiro

Upper ndi Middle ob nthawi ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza ayezi mu nyengo yozizira. Chapamwamba mbali ya mtsinje yamasulidwa ayezi chivundikiro padziko pakati pa April, ambiri - ndi April pamtengo, ndipo pansi - kumayambiriro kwa May. M'madera ena, ndi ob ndi ayezi kwa nthawi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, mu dera Barnaul , nyengo imeneyi masiku 200 pa chaka. Mu Salekhard ob si anaphimba ndi ayezi kwa masiku 180. Nyengo akubwera, mtsinje madzi mbakwira 4 m. Apa, mu chirimwe madzi akhoza kutenthetsa digiri 28.

Phunziro mu mbiri ya ob

M'masiku amenewo, pamene anagonjetsa European kale patsogolo mu America, kum'mawa Siberia ali akadali bwino anamvetsa. Zolembedwa loyamba la ob Mtsinje, za m'ma XVI. M'masiku amenewo ankaganiza kuti akakhoza kukhala China ndipo ngakhale India.

Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha maps of Siberia pa nthawi imene ankafufuza Mercator Atlas of Europe, analilemba mu 1595. Koma ngakhale pali mtsinje ukufanizidwa zolakwika. A sanali sakupezeka China Nyanja wakhala kuzindikiridwa mu malire ake chapamwamba.

Russian anayamba kukhazikika mu Siberia pafupifupi XVI-XVII atumwi. Ngakhale pa nthawi imene beseni anapezeka iwo kale wotanganidwa ndi mafuko Khanty, Mansi ndi Selkups. N'zovuta kwambiri panthawi kudzayambitsa chiyambi cha dzina la mtsinje. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti zichokela ku mawu Russian "onse", ngati mtsinje limachokera ku mitsinje ina iwiri.

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina amachokera aku Iran mawu "AB" kutanthauza "madzi". Koma kwa nthawi yoyamba anakumana ndi ob Novgorod, iye anakakhala wotsika ob. Iwo anamutcha mtsinjewo "Obdora". Koma makamaka geographers si mwambi mtsinje ob. Chikhalidwe cha otaya, ndi malo ake ndi chuma anaphunzira maulendo ambiri ndi thandizo la zipangizo zina zapadera.