Grigory Chukhrai: biography, filmography, moyo waumwini, chithunzi

Grigory Chukhrai ndi Soviet film director, wojambula wolemekezeka, wolemba masewero ali ndi tsogolo loyenerera kukhala chitsanzo kwa m'badwo wamakono. Nkhondo zitatu, anagonjetsa, kuti abweretse pulogalamu ya televizioni kuti adziwone bwino.

Grigory Chukhrai: mbiri ya Soviet film director

Gregory anabadwira ku Melitopol (Ukraine, Zaporozhye dera) pa May 23, 1921. Bambo ake, Naum Zinovievich Rubanov, anali msilikali. Amayi - Claudia Petrovna Chukhray atatha kusudzulana ndi mwamuna wake mu 1924 anakumana ndi mwamuna yemwe anakhala bambo ake abambo Grigory. Anali Pavel Antonovich Litvinenko, amene ankagwira ntchito monga pulezidenti wa kolkhoz ndipo anaika makhalidwe abwino kwambiri mu kuleredwa kwa mnyamata.

Cha kumapeto kwa 1939, Gregory Chukhrai analembedwera kulowa usilikali. Utumiki unayamba kunyamula ngati cadet regimental sukulu nkhondo 134 th Infantry Division mu mzinda wa Mariupol. Mu Nkhondo Yaikuru Yachikhalidwe Chadziko iye adatumiza lipoti la kulembetsa ku mabungwe apamtunda, omwe adakhutitsidwa ndi lamulo. Kotero, monga paratrooper, Grigory Chukhrai analowa nawo nkhondo zosiyana, poteteza Stalingrad, nthawi zambiri analumphira kumbuyo kwa mdani ndi parachute, kangapo anavulazidwa. Mu August 1944 adakhala membala wa CPSU (B.), Ndipo mu December 1945, pamene anali mkulu wa lieutenant, anachotsedwa pa chilonda. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, Gregory Chukhrai analandira mphoto zambiri, pakati pawo - Red Star, Order of the Patriotic War, medals "For Defense of Stalingrad", "For Victory over Germany".

Zotsatira zoyambirira mu cinema

Atabweranso mu 1946 kuchokera kutsogolo, Gregory Chukhray, yemwe adasankhidwa ndi mafilimu, amatsutsa choonadi ndi mphamvu zamkati mwa mafilimu, adalowa mu VGIK, faculty. Akugwira ntchito monga wothandizira wotsogolera, anali kuchita mu filimu ya M. Romm ya "Admiral Ushakov". Atamaliza maphunziro awo, mu 1953, Grigory adaitanidwa kuti akakhale ku Mosfilm, koma mnyamata wina wodalitsika anaganiza zobwerera ku Ukraine, komwe adakhazikitsa malo opangira mafilimu a Kiev poyamba kuti athandizidwe komanso ngati wachiwiri.

Ankhondo makumi anai-oyambirira

Mu 1955, pempho la M. Romm ndi A. Pyriev, Grigory Chukhrai (chithunzichi) linasamutsidwa ku Mosfilm. Kumeneko wolembayo adayambitsa chojambula choyamba chodziimira payekha "Pakati pa makumi anayi ndi chimodzi" (1956), pogwiritsa ntchito nkhani ya B. Lavrenev. Ntchitoyi inayamikiridwa bwino ndi woyang'ana ndipo inapindula mphoto yapadera ku Cannes Film Festival mu 1957. Chithunzi ichi cha chikondi cha chiwonongeko cha anthu awiri chinagwidwa pambali zosiyana za masewera a sukulu, za malingaliro owona mtima, omveka a mwamuna ndi mkazi, omwe anali ozungulira ndi Izold Izvitskaya ndi Oleg Strizhenov, omwe anakhala zizindikiro za nyengo ya 1950. Chithunzi ichi, chomwe chirichonse chiri champhamvu kwambiri, chowona mtima ndi chopweteka, chimakupangitsani inu kukhulupirira kokha zomwe zikuchitika pazenera, komanso kumverera ndi mtima wanu wonse. Ngakhale kulibe imfa pamaso pa makamera a makamera ndipo palibe adani, mdani wamkulu Grigory Chukhrai anatha kuwonetsa wowonayo kukhala wovuta kwambiri ndi nthawi ya nkhondo, kusonyeza kuti ngakhale m'nthaŵi zovuta kwambiri, zoopsa zakale moyo umapitirira ndipo anthu amakondana wina ndi mzake, ziribe kanthu.

Kugonjetsa "Kusangalatsa kwa Msilikali"

Chojambula chotsatira cha Chukhrai "The Ballad of a Soldier" (1959) chinapambana, napambana mosangalala pa zojambula za dziko lapansi, adalandira mphoto ziwiri pa Cannes Film Festival, omwe adakali ndi chidwi chokhala ndi maganizo ozama m'maganizo a munthu, chiyanjano chamkati ndi kukhulupirika kwake. Lingaliro la filimu iyi ndi Grigory Chukhrai linadzuka m'masiku a ophunzira. Iye, msilikali wam'tsogolo, anali wofunitsitsa kunena za abwenzi ake, ambiri mwa iwo omwe sankakhala nawo nthawi yamtendere. Mlembi wamnyamata uja anathandizidwa kuti athandize wojambula zithunzi wamng'ono Young Valentine Yezhov, amenenso adapita kunkhondo ndipo akufuna kulankhula molondola, moona mtima, popanda mawu omveka bwino, m'mawu osavuta a umunthu ponena za anzako, msirikali wankhondo amene adapereka moyo wake chifukwa cha amayi ake. Mwini wamkulu wa peyala, Alyosha Skvortsov, amene ankasewera kwambiri ndi Vladimir Ivashov, anakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha msilikali wa ku Russia wa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu.

"Kutentha Kwambiri" ndi Gregory Chukhrai

Firimuyi "Chotsani Sky" (1961) idaperekedwa kumvetsetsa kwa mbiri ya dziko la Stalin. Iyi ndi nkhani ya "Stalin Falcon", woyendetsa ndege woopsa wa Soviet amene anapulumuka ku ukapolo ku Germany, kuthamangitsidwa ku phwando, kunyalanyaza mutu wa Hero of the Soviet Union, koma chikominisi chokhulupirira mwachinyengo. Mafilimuwa anali ojambula bwino kwambiri: Nina Drobysheva, Eugene Urbansky, Oleg Tabakov.

Mu 1964, zojambulazo zinasewera filimu 2-serial film "Nthawi ina pankakhala munthu wachikulire ndi mkazi wachikulire", akuuza za moyo wa anthu ochokera kumadera akutali a Russia, omwe ndi Husakovs wakale. Kumapeto kwa moyo wawo adagwa m'mayesero ovuta: moto unawononga nyumba, zomwe zinapangitsa azimayi achikulire kupita kwa mwana wawo wamkazi, Nina, ku Arctic, amene moyo wake sunayambe. Firimuyi imanena za mtundu wa anthu kuti ukhale wachimwemwe, ndipo dzina la chithunzithunzi limatumiza wowonayo ku nkhani ya Pushkin za nsomba za golide.

About Mother's Deserter

Ntchito yotsatira - "Quagmire" inkawonekera pazithunzi mu 1977. Iyi ndi filimu yokhudza mayi wa munthu wodula - Matryona Bystrova (Nona Mordyukova), yemwe adamwalira mwamuna wake kutsogolo, ndiye mwana wake wamkulu. Poyesa kupulumutsa mwana wamng'ono, wamtendere, wamanyazi Dmitry (Andrei Nikolaev), kuchokera kunkhondo , adaganiza zobisala m'chipinda cham'mwamba. Atapulumutsa mwana wake, amayi ake adadzizunza okha ku chizunzo cha chikumbumtima, ndi mwana wake - kufa kwauzimu. Tsiku lililonse Dmitry amakhalanso mutu wonyansa komanso wonyansa, amene moyo wake umadya, kuwomba, kuimbidwa mlandu ndi mavuto onse a amayi komanso mantha. Mbiri yaumwini ya mayi wa deerter ikukula m'mawu a filimuyi mochuluka kwambiri, kupanga ntchitoyi ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo. Choyamba, Gregory Chukhrai ankafuna kutchula zojambulazo "Nkhani Yopeka", chifukwa mayiyo amakakamizika kubisa mwanayo osati kwa adani, koma kwaokha.

"Moyo ndi wokongola" m'dziko lachinyengo

Ntchito yogwirizana ndi Soviet ndi Italy ya "Life is Beautiful" (1980) ndi kugawana kwa Ornella Muti, nyenyezi ya ku Italy yafilimu, ikufotokoza za dziko lina lopanda mbiri limene asilikali achijeremani amalamulira ndipo amaletsa mwankhanza maganizo awo onse. Woyendetsa galimoto Antonio Murillo akuphatikizidwa mu nkhondo yandale ya pansi poletsa kuzunza. Kulota za ntchito ya woyendetsa ndegeyo ndi ndege yake, amayamba kuzunzidwa, ali m'ndende, kumene akuzunzidwa. Chifukwa cha nzeru zowonetsedwa, adatha kukonzekera kuthawa kundende komanso ngakhale kudziko.

Mu 1985, adalembedwanso ndi M. Volodsky ndi Yu Shvyrev, Grigory Chukhrai, omwe filimuyi imakonda kwambiri nthawi ya nkhondo, inachititsa filimu yopanga mafilimu "Ndikuphunzitsani kulota" (1985). Ntchitoyi imaperekedwera kukumbukira aphunzitsi ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu Mark Donskoy.

Mtsogoleri Gregory Chukhrai: moyo waumwini

Moyo wa wotsogolera Grigory Chukhrai ndi wofanana ndi ntchito zake - zenizeni, kupyoza, moona mtima. Iraida Penkovu, mkazi wake wam'tsogolo, mtsogoleriyo anakumana mumzinda wa Essentuki mu 1942, komwe anatumizidwa kuti akhale mbali ya asilikali oyenda. Palimodzi ndi abwenzi ake, wophunzira wazaka 21 wa sukulu yapamwamba yophunzitsira anadutsa mizati, ndipo madzulo anavina. Kumeneko, ndipo anakumana ndi magawo awiri a umodzi wonse. Pamene Ajeremani analowa mumzindawu, mnyamatayo anamusamutsira kumalo ena, ndipo Iraida adakhala mumzindawu. Kwa zaka ziwiri Grigory Chukhrai, yemwe moyo wake unalibe tanthauzo popanda Iraida, anali kufunafuna chikondi chake, koma osapambana. Kenako analembera nyuzipepala ya Komsomolskaya Pravda, ndipo chozizwitsa chinachitika: mtsikanayo anawerenga uthengawu ndipo anayankha. Mu 1944, Grigory Chukhrai adabwerera ku mzindawo atamasulidwa ku Germany, ndipo pa May 9 aŵiriwo anakwatira. Kuchokera kwa mkwati Iraida analandira monga mphatso maluwa ambiri a lilac. Chaka chotsatira, mu 1945, pamodzi ndi chikondwerero cha ukwatiwo, banja lachinyamata linakondwerera Kugonjetsa Kwakukulu. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, May 9 yakhala phwando lachiwiri kwa okwatirana, ndipo malala ndiwo maluwa omwe amakonda kwambiri. Pamodzi, Gregory ndi Iraida anakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Ana a mtsogoleriyo ndi mwana wa Pavel, amene anabwereza njira ya abambo ake ndipo anakhala woyang'anira filimu, ndipo mwana wamkazi Elena, amene anamaliza maphunziro awo a filimu ya sayansi ya VGIK.

Zosangalatsa Чухрая

Kuwonjezera pa kujambula, mkulu wa Soviet ankachita nawo mwakhama ntchito za anthu, kuphunzitsa ndi kulamulira, mu 1965-1975 anali mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Experimental Art Association ku Mosfilm, mu 1966-1971 iye anali mphunzitsi pa studio ya VGIK. Kuyambira mu 1965, iye anali mlembi wa Union of Cinematographers wa USSR, ndipo mu 1964-1991. - Mmodzi wa Msonkhano wa Komiti ya Boma la USSR.

Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, Grigory Chukhrai anali wodwala kwambiri, anadwala matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo sanasunthe bwino. Panalibe mkulu wamkulu pa October 29, 2001, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku Vagankovskoye m'manda ku Moscow.

Mpaka pano, woyang'anira filimu wa Soviet ndi mwiniwake wa chiwerengero chachikulu cha mayiko apadziko lonse - 101! Ndipo izi ziribe kanthu kuti pa moyo wake wopanga Grigory Chukhrai anawombera mafilimu 8 okha. Aliyense wa iwo anawombera muzolemba zake, osalingalira momwe mungagwirire ntchito ndi zinthu zina za anthu ena. Zaka zingapo mtsogoleriyo atamwalira, mafilimu ake adakalibe nawo pa zikondwerero za mafilimu, kulandira mphoto zosiyanasiyana.