Grossman, "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu": mwachidule ndi kusanthula zifanizo za ngwazi za

Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman - wolemba, kwambiri luso ndi zoona amene ankagwira ntchito zimaikidwa mu nthawi ya m'firiji pamtunda. A nkhondo mtolankhani , iye anapita kupyola Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi umboni Stalingrad Battle. Kuti zochitika izi zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito yake Grossman. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" (chidule cha izo, ndipo adzakhala mutu wathu) - buku, omwe anakhala zotsatira za chifanizo cha chowonadi Soviet.

Za buku la

Kuyambira 1950 mpaka 1959 iye analemba epic buku Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" (chidule cha mankhwala azipereka pansipa) anamaliza dilogy, amene anayamba ntchito "chifukwa cha", monga kulembedwa mu 1952. Ndipo ngati gawo loyamba kuyenera mwamtheradi mu malamulo a Kuzindikira zokomera, yotsirizira kuthi mawu osiyana - adawomba izo mokweza ndi momveka podzudzula Stalinism.

buku

Mu USSR, buku inafalitsidwa mu 1988. Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi chakuti sanali zizigwirizana chipani mzere cholengedwa Grossman analemba. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" (mayankho buku poyamba sanali zoopsa ndi woopsa) anamuzindikira monga "odana Soviet." Pambuyo makope yense ndi KGB.

Pambuyo pamanja wakhala kudzipatula, Grossman anafunsa mu kalata Nikite Sergeevichu Hruschevu ndi pempho kuti afotokoze zimene zidzachitike bukhu lake. M'malo kuyankha wolemba anaitanidwa Komiti ya Central, limene linalengeza kuti buku sadzakhala kusindikizidwa.

Semyon Lipkin Only (Soviet ndakatulo) anakhalabe buku limodzi lokhali ntchito, zomwe zachotsedwa kunja kwa zaka 70 ndipo Switzerland, lofalitsidwa mu 1980.

Grossman, "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu": Mwachidule

Munthu wakale Mihail Mostovsky, chikominisi, analanda pafupi Stalingrad. Imagwera mu msasa ndende ku Germany West. Popeza onse, munthu asaone thandizo la: amadana wake Menshevik Tchernetsov, pali mtsutso ndi Ikonnikov-Tolstoyan, kuthamanga kwambiri pa ozungulira Major Yershov.

Mu Stalingrad akubwera Krymov. Iye - wogwira ntchito ndale ndipo ayenera kusankha mkangano Commissioner ndi mkulu wa oyenda Regiment. Atangofika, likukhalira kuti mtsutso anamwalira, ndipo usiku Krymov yekha amakakamizidwa kuchita nkhondo.

kanthu analimbikitsidwa Kazan. Pali wasayansi mu achoke Victor Shtrum ndi banja lake. mkazi wake Lyudmila nkhawa mwana wake kwa ukwati wake woyamba - za Tole, amene tsopano ali pa nkhondo. Komanso akukhumudwa chikhalidwe katundu wa mwana wamkazi - Nadi. Shtrum mayi, Myuda, anali mu ghetto, ndilo kovuta kuti apulumuke.

Patapita kanthawi pakubwera kalata kuchokera kwa mayi wasayansi ndi Anny Semenovny. Mu izo, iye ndi nthumanzi kusintha anthu ankadziwa kale: ambiri anasiya kucheza naye, mwakachetechete anathamangitsidwa kuchokera chipinda. Ndipo tsiku lotsatira anali kuonedwa gawo kupulula Ayuda, ndipo m'kalata ya nalo mwana wake.

Si wokongola ndi zozizwitsa zenizeni zikusonyeza Grossman. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" (chidule, mu gawo kumvetsa, makamaka) amapereka Nkhanza ndi mantha zaka nkhondo, osati kubwera ku Germany.

Lyudmila amvela kuti Dipo anavulala ndipo ali kuchipatala. Nthawi yomweyo anapita kumeneko, koma mochedwa - mwanayo akamwalira.

Commissioner thanki Corps yoikidwiratu mlembi wakale wa komiti dera la Hetman, amene moyo wake wonse mu osyasyalika, mwano wa bodza. Mfundo zimenezi tsopano mwakhama amanyamula zinthu zake kutsogolo-mzere. Ndi iye ndi mkulu Corps Novikov, amene amayesetsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu amene. Choncho amakonza kuukira maminiti asanu ndi atatu, monga yomweyo kumabweretsa Getmanov.

Novikov kugwa m'chikondi ndi Evgeny Shaposhnikov, mkazi wakale Krymov. Iye amulandila kenakake, koma anachenjeza kuti ankasiya ngati mwamuna kumangidwa.

Imagwera mu German ukapolo Sophia Osipovna Levinton, dokotala nkhondo. Pamodzi ndi Ayuda ena boxcar ake yodzaza ndi anatumizidwa ku ndende. M'njiramo iye amaona pang'ono munthu afunika kutembenukira mu ng'ombe mayina. Apa amakumana mnyamata, Davide. Mkazi akutonthoza mwana watha, koma palibe chipulumutso - kutsogolo kwa iwo akuyembekezera imfa m'zipinda za mpweya.

Stalingrad - Moscow

Chifukwa cha zovuta ndi zomvetsa chisoni tsoka akuonetsedwa Vasiliy Grossman. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" (chidule cha mankhwala limachititsa kamodzinso muone ichi) - buku limene palibe kukondwa la Kuzindikira zokomera ndi lamulo osangalala kutha. Choncho, ponena za mtundu wanyimbo ntchito, m'pofunika kuchotsa mbali ya "chikhalidwe", kusiya mawu okhawo Kuzindikira.

Krymov analandira malangizo kupita Stalingrad. Pali azibweretsa kuti mumsasa wa ogwirizana, amene mutu, Agiriki kumabweretsa odana Stalinist kukambirana zigaŵenga. Ngati ndi kotheka Krimov angathetse lamulo Grekova.

Krymov chosakanikirana ndi lingaliro limodzi - kugwira mtsogoleri odana ndi Soviet. Pomaliza, iye amapita kulemba chidzudzulo. Koma iye alibe nthawi - Agiriki ndi amuna lake aphedwe. Komabe, pepala amalowerera kuchita ntchito zake zonyansa: mkulu si anatumizidwa ku Hero wa Soviet Union atamwalira mutu.

Nkhani umabwerera kwa malongosoledwe a m'ndendeyo, kumene Masty amakhala. Nawa kuyesera kulenga bungwe mobisa, koma palibe mgwirizano pakati pa andende, anthu ambiri sakhulupirira mzake. Choncho, Commissioner Osipov akuganiza maganizo mwachinyengo Ershov, mbadwa ya mabanja anagonjetsa, kuopa kuti iye mukhoza kupeza mphamvu zambiri mu gulu. Ershov polimbana ndi zochita ndi Kotikov, wochirikiza njira Stalin. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kusankha kuika khadi Ershov mu bokosi limene deta anasankhidwa kuti atumizidwe kwa Buchenwald. Mosty sindimakonda lingaliro ili, koma akugwirizana ndi ambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo limatiuza za kampani yosadziwika Germany, amene yomweyo kuwononga ophunzira ake onse.

Shtrum anabwerera ku Moscow pamodzi ndi anayambitsa kumene ntchito. Akumaliza ndi mabuku ntchito pa sayansi ya nyukiliya yomwe yomweyo zikutipatsa chidwi ndi kuonera. Chifukwa, izo atapereka kwa Stalin Prize. Panthawiyi Institute kwa Ayuda chatsitsa. Sturm akufuna kuima kwa iwo, kutsogolera chakuti moyo wake ndi ovuta kwambiri.

Nthawi zina Shtrum kuona Mariey Sokolovoy. Pang'onopang'ono iye amazindikira kuti amakonda mkazi, ndipo iye poyankha iye kubwerera. Koma Maria Ivanovna ukwati angapo amapezeka za maganizo ake. Sokolov akatenga mkazi lonjezo salinso kukumana ndi Shtrum. Pa nthawi yomweyo, wasayansi akuyamba kuzunzidwa.

mmangeni

Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa Stalingrad Krymov anamangidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku Moscow. Iye ali pa Lubyanka, kumene kudutsa wozunzikirapo kuyesa kukakamiza iye kuvomereza kuti pa Nkhondo ya Stalingrad iye pakupereka Mama. Krymov kwa nthawi yaitali sanathe achire milandu yonseyi.

Zimautsa vuto la funso Ayuda Grossman. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" (mwachidule ndi machaputala) - zambiri umboni. zimathandizadi kwambiri ndi zokongola anatchulidwa baiting Shtrum. Mu nyuzipepala anayambitsa a inalemba nkhani choopsa sayansi anakopa kulankhula pa msonkhanopo maphunziro ndi kuvomereza zolakwa zawo. Shtrum akukana, ndipo sakudza kwa msonkhano. Banja amuthandiza ndipo pozindikira mmene nkhani zandale m'dziko akukonzekera kudzagwira. Tsiku lomwelo kuitana Shtrum Maria Ivanovna, iye amanyadira iwo ndi kufunitsitsa.

Wasayansi akuchotsedwa ntchito, koma anamangidwa. Naye zithe maubwenzi anu onse anzanga ndi anzawo. Iye ndi banja lake - kwayekha.

Koma ntchito ndi chidwi Shtrum Stalin. Maphunziro yomweyo alole ndi kumupatsa zasayansi ntchito.

Krymov lagona pambuyo kuzunzidwa mu ofesi pa Lubyanka, akamva nkhani ya adani a Stalingrad. Iye awawona Ahelene akubwera kudzakumana naye. Iwo akupitiriza mafunso koma kusaina kuvomereza Krymov. Iwo kudzipatula mu chipinda, kumene iye anawapeza HIV ndi kubwerera kwa mkazi wake Eugenia.

Maphunziro yozizira, mu nkhalango masika angamvele kusisima za womwalirayo ndi chisangalalo cha moyo watsopano.

Mutu ndi lingaliro

nkhani zambiri nthanthi anaphimba ntchito yake Grossman. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" - nkhani imene mafunso munaukitsidwa chiwawa ndi ufulu, nkhondo ndi munthu wamba. Nkhondo - osati nkhondo pakati pa asilikali a mayiko awiriwa, ndi kulimbana maiko osiyanasiyana, maganizo osiyana moyo. Iye poyera mavuto ambiri wokonda wolemba wathu nthawi, anazindikira zotsutsana yaikulu m'nthawi ya Soviet Union.

Nsalu mu moyo mankhwala ndi mfundo ya tsoka. Pankhaniyi, tsoka ali amaona kufunika, ziribe ufulu, kukakamizidwa ndi maulamuliro, ndi moyo - ufulu payekha, izi wa kuzaza wake maganizo.

Nkhondo yaikulu

Atamuyesa chidule cha Romana Grossmana "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" owerenga amadziwa kuti waukulu mankhwala a nkhondo - chiwawa nkhondo ndi ufulu, boma ndipo munthuyo. Amatilongosolera zotsutsana awa akuwonetseredwa mu maganizo a ngwazi za zotsatira za repressions Stalin, ndi collectivization, "miyoyo atsamunda wapadera.

Mlembi zothandiza imamveka anthu akuvutika m'goli la Nazi ndi ulamuliro wa Soviet Union, kupeza amafananadi: anthu akufa, makhalidwe oipa kulimbikira m'mbuyo amantha wolimba, wabwino chosakhulupirira zimene iye anafotokoza. Kuopa aliyense yemwe iye anapita zotsatira mofanana zingawononge anthu. Sichangozi zimachitika lemba la kufanizitsa zonse Stalin ndi Hitler. Tsogoleri awiri anali njira imodzi kukhudzana - mantha.

Pamapeto pake buku wotseguka, osayankhidwa funso patsalanso kuti adzakwanilitse mwa munthu - ufulu kapena chikhalidwe wokakamiza.

Krymov

Zambiri za anthu otchulidwa anaikidwa Roma Grossman ( "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu", ife takumbukira, tinakambirana lero). Koma mfundo zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo Commissioner ndi Bolshevik Krymov. Iye anatumikira mokhulupirika pamoyo wake wonse kuti zisinthe. Mu kumvetsa kwake "wabwino" - izi ndi zimene kumadzetsa phindu kwa boma. The ngongole Soviet Union pamwamba kwa iye. Ngakhale nkhondo, pamene pali anthu akufa ndipo muyenera kuganizira kupulumutsa yekha ndi Mama, akadzafika mu Stalingrad, kutsatira Grekov, amene mphekesera kuti kupewa Stalin boma.

Anagwidwa mayenje a mdima wa Lubyanka, Krymov ndi maonekedwe atsopano pa moyo zapitazi, wazindikira zolakwa zake. Chisoni chake adzazunzidwa ukali wa Grekov.

Shtrum

Pa nkhani imeneyi, ngwazi ya aukitsa vuto la ubale wa Ayuda nkhondo Grossman. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" Mwachidule, kusanthula ntchito ndi njira ya moyo ya wolemba kumathandiza kumvetsa mmene pafupi anali nkhani ya wolemba. Shtrum - ndi wasayansi kwambiri amene anapeza akhoza kuthandiza boma kuti mphamvu zake kulimbikitsa, koma ndimalephera angamachite msasa Stalinist chifukwa cha anachokera.

chithunzichi ndi chidwi chifukwa Grossman amapereka ngwazi kusankha: kumpereka okha, popanda kusainira angakondere pepala, kapena kukhala oona kukhudzidwa zawo, koma kamodzinso poyera moyo wake pachiswe. Shtrum akubwera amantha, ndi kuchita izi zinamulepheretsa ndithu chisoni.

Getmanov

Tipitirize disassemble zifanizo za ngwazi za buku, amene analemba Grossman ( "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu"). Against maziko a m'mbuyomo otchuka awiri akuima Getmanov. Iye sanagone kusankha, iye anali kale anaganiza kuti chinthu chachikulu - kuchita expediently. Koyamba, ndi wokongola kwambiri ndiponso wanzeru khalidwe. Iye anali mwangwiro odzipereka mu zolakwa zawo ndipo sakudziwa kuti iye ali ndi "pansi yachiwiri." Zimasonyeza nthawi imene iye nkhawa za gulu ogwira ntchito zaulimi amene saganizira malipilo awo.

Pomaliza

chosowa kwambiri ndi chidwi ponena za Stalin nyengo Grossman anapereka kwa owerenga. "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu", chidule cha zomwe takambirana - buku umalimbana polimbana Ulamuliro. Zilibe kanthu kaya ndiwo Nazi kapena Soviet boma.