Gulu la njerwa liri ndi manja: sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo, zosankha zosangalatsa ndi ndondomeko

Ngati mukufuna kumanga nyumba yodalirika yokhazikika, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa. Ntchito yotereyi n'zotheka kugwira ntchito popanda kudzipereka, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi omanga akatswiri.

Kufunika kokonzekera bwino

Ngolo yopangidwa ndi njerwa kapena chinthu china chilichonse chingatchulidwe chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zomanga zomangamanga. Zingamangidwe kuchokera kumalo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chipinda chapansi cha nyumbayi. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa za nyumba za njerwa ndi miyala. Lero pali mitundu yambiri ya njerwa, zikhoza kukhala zosiyana siyana. Zomwe zimatenga zimakhala zovuta, koma ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zomangamanga.

Akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa za ceramic, chifukwa zimapereka chithunzithunzi chokhazikika. Ngati mukufuna kuti nyumbayo ikhale zaka makumi angapo, muyenera kupanga ntchito ndikujambula kujambula. Pali malamulo omwe akulimbikitsidwa kutsatira, mwachitsanzo khonde liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa chitseko, chomwe chimapita ku chipinda chokhalamo, nthawi 1,5-1,8. Malo okwera a zomangamanga ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi malire kuyambira 0.15 mpaka 0.2 mamita. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mphepo sidzagwa pa khonde ndikumanga pamwamba pake.

Kumanga khonde lopangidwa ndi njerwa, muyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 0,1 mamita. Ntchito yo kuthira iyenera kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi matope apamwamba a konkire. Ndikofunika kupanga maziko a konkire, chifukwa ichi, mwala wamba wophwanyika umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mngelo wa kutsetsereka kwa masitepe

Pambuyo kutsanulira, konkire ili ndi makilogalamu khumi ndi asanu (90 cm centiitious screed). Kuti munthu akwere bwino, m'pofunika kupanga malo otsetsereka a masitepe. Mitengo yotsetsereka imatha kusiyana ndi 2.8 mpaka 3.2 °. Ndi malo otsetsereka otere, madzi amatha kuchoka pa masitepe, osati kupanga ziphuphu. Machitidwe ayenera kumangidwa ndi mbali zomwe zasonkhana, ndipo mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera. Njira yothetsera vutoli, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pulogalamu ya monolithic. Kutalika kwa sitepeyi ndi malire a masentimita 12 mpaka 15.

Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo ndi zipangizo

Ngati mudzamanga khonde la njerwa m'nyumba ya manja anu, ndikofunika kukonzekera zipangizo ndi zipangizo musanayambe ntchito, pakati pawo:

• Kutchuka;
• Kupititsa patsogolo mipiringidzo;
• Mchenga;
• Kutseka madzi;
• Mwala wosweka;
• Simenti;
• Phalala.

Zina mwazimene mungafunike: fosholo, tile, tchalitchi, mlingo womanga, ndi chidebe chosakaniza konkire.

Kupanga maziko

Kuyambira kumangidwe ndikofunika kuchokera kofunikira kwambiri - maziko. Kuzama kwake kwa khonde kumayenera kukhala chimodzimodzi ndi kuya kwa pansi pa nyumbayo. Patapita nthawi, maziko a nyumbayo ndi khonde lidzakhazikika.

Ngati mutakhazikitsa maziko pazigawo zosiyana, malo amayamba kupanga pakati pawo, zomwe zidzatha kuwononga zinyumba. Kuyika maziko pansi pa khonde la njerwa ndikofunikira malinga ndi dongosolo linalake. Pachiyambi choyamba, zigawo za mazikowo zimayikidwa pamwamba pa chiwembucho. Ntchitozi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zamatabwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba. Komanso, dzenje likufufuzidwa pamakalata ndi mawonekedwe a zida. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusunga khoka la ndodo, mtanda womwe uli ndi mamita 1. Ayenera kuikidwa pambali pa maziko, ndipo pamwamba pa nsanja ayenera kuzungulira masentimita 10.

Kenaka mukhoza kupita kumalo osungira danga ndi yankho lomwe lapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala, simenti ndi mchenga, chiŵerengero cha zipangizo izi ndi izi: 4: 1: 2. Khonde likapangidwa ndi njerwa, mutatha kutsanulira yankho, dikirani pafupi masabata anai mpaka osakaniza ali ouma. Mu chilimwe, sitejiyi imatenga pafupifupi masiku 14. Mukangokhulupirira kuti mazikowo ali bwino, mukhoza kupitiriza kugwira ntchito.

Nyumba yamatabwa

Njerwa zimayikidwa pa njira yothetsera senti ndi mchenga, zomwe zimakonzedwa mokwanira 1 mpaka 4. Komabe, choyamba, nkofunika kusamalira chitetezo chabwino kuchokera ku chinyezi. Kuphimba madzi kumatha kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zamatabwa, zomwe ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zamtengo wapatali, zimateteza bwino ku zotsatira za madzi. Kuphimbidwa madzi kumayikidwa pa maziko mu zigawo ziwiri. Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kukhazikitsidwa kwa khonde limodzi, kumanga ndi kosavuta. Muzitsulo zoterezi zimamangidwa nthawi imodzi ndi njerwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitsirize ntchitoyi nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Mu kamangidwe kamodzi, chiwerengero cha masitepe chidzadalira kutalika kwa mzere, ndizosamvetseka.

Njira zogwirira ntchito

Ngati mwasankha kukhazikitsa khonde la njerwa ndi manja anu, muyenera kugwetsa mtengowo pogwiritsa ntchito spatula, kenako muiike pambali ndi pansi pa njerwa. Mzere woyamba umalola kuti apange sitepe yoyamba. Mzere wachiwiri umayikidwa pambuyo pake, umakanikizidwa motsutsana ndi zomwe wagula monga mwamphamvu momwe zingathere. Gawo lachitatu ndi lotsatira limapangidwa ndi njira yomweyi. Kapangidwe ka mankhwalawa katsalira kwa pafupi sabata, panthawi yomwe chisakanizocho chiyenera kuuma bwino.

Anthu ena amayesa kuphweka njirayi poika pakhomo la khonde mizere iwiri kapena itatu ya njerwa, malo omwe amapezeka amadzaza ndi matope. Mtengo wa ntchito yoteroyo udzakhala wochepa, monga momwe ntchitoyi ikuvutikira. Komabe, pamapeto pake, sizingatheke kuti mupeze mawonekedwe apamwamba. Kawirikawiri khonde lopangidwa ndi njerwa limamangidwa molingana ndi njira yosiyana: pakuti izi, makoma akumbali amamangidwanso, ndiyeno masitepe amapangidwa. Njirayi idzakambidwa pansipa.

Njira yothetsera njira ya khonde la njerwa

Khola la nyumba yopangidwa ndi njerwa lingamangidwe malinga ndi makina ena. Ngati simukusowa kukonda njirayi, yomwe inayankha ndondomeko ndi masonicokha, mungathe kuyamba kumanga mpandawo kumbali yoyamba. Choyamba chogwiritsidwa ntchito chimaikidwa m'kati mwake, koma kwa gulu la njerwa ndi kuonjezera mphamvu mzere wotsatira umayamba ndi magawo atatu. Pakati pa mizere ikhale yopanga mthunzi, womwe uli ndi mamita khumi.

Pamwamba pa zomangamanga kumangidwa, nkofunikira kupanga nsanja yolunjika, ndipo pansipa pali malo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyendetsa kanyumbako. Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kusokoneza pakati pa njerwa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe yankho liri akadakali mthunzi wofewa, koma pang'ono. Panthawi imeneyi, tikhoza kuganiza kuti makomawo ali mkati, tsopano mukhoza kuyamba kutsanulira masitepe. Pachifukwa ichi, mapangidwe a bolodi amaikidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe a matabwa ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi kukonzekera kwa masitepe.

Kenaka, nsanja imapangidwa, dothi limatsanuliridwa ku thumba, lomwe liyenera kusindikizidwa bwino. Pachigawo chotsatira ndikofunikira kupanga malo otsetsereka a malo, ziyenera kulumikizana ndi mtunda wa sitepe.

Malangizo a ntchito

Ngati mukuganiza momwe mungapangire khonde lopangidwa ndi njerwa, ndibwino kuganizira za kufunika kolimbikitsidwa, chifukwa chaichi ndodozo zimayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 15, ndi ndodo zokhala ndi gawo la 6 mm. Konkakisi ya konkire iyenera kuumbidwa ndi mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa mwa kuyika mapepala opanga mapepala apaderalo. Gawo loyamba lidaikidwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa, mfundo za ziwalo ziyenera kusungunuka. Pa siteji yotsatira, zitsamba zimatsanuliridwa ndipo matope amaikidwa, ndiyeno kachilombo kamatsanulidwa. Ntchito yomanga imadzazidwa ndi matope a simenti.

Mzere wachiwiri wa njerwa uyenera kuikidwa motero kuti n'zotheka kupanga chigawo chachiwiri ndi zonse zomwe zikuchitika. Pa izi, tingaganize kuti ntchitoyo yatsirizika, pamwamba pake pangakhale ndi miyala, miyala kapena zida zopangira.

Madontho a ntchito

Pamene khonde likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nyumba yopangidwa ndi njerwa, m'pofunika kuyika mizere pa khoma kumene mbuyeyo angakhale wofanana poika katunduyo. Izi zidzalola kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yopanda chisokonezo komanso yokhazikika. Kutalika kwa gawo loyambali kumawerengedwa poganizira mchenga ndi kutchinga, kotero ziyenera kukhala zochepa kuposa zonse. Ngati n'zotheka kuyika chipikacho, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitidwa chimodzimodzi, koma nthawi zambiri sitingagwiritse ntchito njirayi, kuyambira pakati pa masitepe ndi apang'ono.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, mukhoza kuyika khoma la mbali kuti zonse zifike pamtunda. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye zitsulo zotsalira pambuyo pomaliza kumanga kumalo a khonde, izi zidzathandiza kudzaza malo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamatabwa zowonjezera.

Musanayambe khonde lopangidwa ndi njerwa, muyenera kulingalira za mtundu wanji wa zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito njerwa yoyang'anila pazigawo zonse za ntchito. Ngakhale kuti zojambulazo ziziwoneka zokongola, zidzakhala zosalimba ndi nthawi.

Malingaliro okondweretsa

Khonde la njerwa lingamawoneke kwambiri, koma akatswiri ena amisiri amayesa kupanga izo. Choncho, monga lingaliro lochititsa chidwi lingapange malangizo, mbali yake yapamwamba ndi yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, pomwe mbali za pambali zimatha kukhala ndi njerwa zokongoletsera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, dongosololi silidzataya makhalidwe ake okhazikika, ndipo maonekedwe ake adzakhala okongola. Khola la nyumba yopangidwa ndi njerwa lingamangidwe malinga ndi sayansi yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa, koma yonjezerani mitsinje yokhala ndi makina okongola. Pachifukwa ichi, khomo la nyumba lidzawonekera bwino.