Pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Bunin? Ivan Bunin: zaka za moyo

owerenga ambiri kudziwa pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Bunin. Ndipo angati kumbukirani kuti lalikulu Russian ndakatulo ndi novelist, amene analemba za kugwa kwa anthu otchuka Russian? Ndipo, mwinamwake, anthu ochepa kwambiri kudziwa kuti Ivan anali woyamba Russian wolemba amene anapambana Nobel Prize mu 1833. Ndipo pofuna kumvetsa mmene yapindula, muyenera pang'ono bwino mbiri yake.

Childhood a tsogolo la wopambana ndi

Mu 1870, mu Voronezh, chuma cha makolo awo, iye anabadwa wolemba tsogolo Ivan Bunin. Agogo Ivan anali wolemera ndithu Mwenechiroache mundu. Koma pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake, anayamba senselessly tikungotaya chikhalidwe. Ndipo kodi pang'ono anatsala wa pambuyo, Bunin bambo propyl ndipo anataya patebulo khadi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma ndi mwayi banja anali pafupifupi watopa. Bunin tsogolo wolemba kuyambira ubwana umboni kukula impoverishment wa banja.

Ambiri a ubwana Ivan kugwira ntchito ku munda banja, kumene anadziwa moyo wa Amaya. Mu 1881, iye sukulu ina yophunzitsa anthu mu Yelets, koma patatha zaka zisanu akuphunzira wakhala lilibe chifukwa cha mavuto banja chuma ndipo anabwerera kwawo.

Bakuman ntchito, kapena anthu atsopano

Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Ivan anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake wolemba ndakatulo. ndakatulo wake anaonekera mu magazini ya St. Petersburg "kwawo." Mu 1889 Ivan Bunin anatsatira mchimwene wake, amene anali akuthandiza kwambiri mu Kharkov. Pali anatenga udindo wa kapitawo choyamba, ndiye nkuchotsa ntchito yothandiza mkonzi mu nyuzipepala ya kumaloko "Orlovsky boma yotchedwa Gazette".

Ivan akupitiriza kulemba nkhani zambiri wake afalitsidwa ena manyuzipepala ndi magazini. Kuti nthawi ili ubwenzi wake yaitali ndi wantchito wa nyuzipepala kumene ntchito, Varvaroy Paschenko. Patapita nthawi, iwo pamodzi anasamukira ku Poltava. Bunin iyamba kukhala ndi makalata wachangu Antonom Chehovym, ndipo pa nthawi iwo kukhala mabwenzi athu apamtima kwambiri. Mu 1894, Ivan anakumana ndi Leo Tolstoy. Anachita chidwi ndi ntchito za Leo Tolstoy, koma maganizo awo chikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe anali osiyana kwambiri.

Kutchuka yaikulu ndi kubvomerezana pagulu

Pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Bunin, ayenera kudziwa, komanso zosangalatsa kudziwa, koma pamene anafalitsa buku lake loyamba. Ndipo inasindikizidwa mu 1891 mu Orel. Ndi buku la ndakatulo olembedwa mu nthawi kuchokera 1887 mpaka 1891. Komanso, ena mwa nkhani, essays ndi Rasskazov Ivana Alekseevicha, amene anali kufalitsidwa kale mu nyuzipepala m'dera ndi magazini anayamba kuoneka m'mabuku nthawi ya St. Petersburg.

Ndi 1900, oposa zana ndakatulo lofalitsidwa Ivan Bunin. ndakatulo zake kukhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi osiyanasiyana owerenga. Mu nthawi yomweyo, kumasulira ntchito "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha" anali kupereka ya Pushkin Prize, komanso n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi wa Russian Academy of Sciences. otsutsa ambiri ndiponso anzawo ayesedwa ndi m'chipani cha luntha lake, kukongola kumva za maganizo.

Mu 1899 Bunin kukwatira Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni. Iye anali mwana wa Ahelene wolemera wa ku Odessa. Mwatsoka, ukwati anali wamfupi ndi mwana adamwalira pa zaka zisanu. Ndipo kale mu 1906 Ivan amakhala ogwirizana yapachiweniweni ndi Vera Nikolayevna Muromtseva. Osati mfundo zokhudza pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Bunin, chidwi tanthauzo, komanso mfundo za moyo wake ntchito ndi cha mtengo wapatali kwa anthu amene aphunzira umunthu Ivana Bunina.

The kusintha kwa ndakatulo ndi prose

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma Ivan anapanga kusintha kwakukulu kwa ndakatulo ndi prose, kuti anayamba kusintha mtundu ndi kapangidwe, anakhala watanthauzo lexical. Mu 1900 anafalitsa buku "Antonov maapulo" lomwe kenako ngakhale m'gulu mabuku mabuku ndi chinaoneka monga woyamba mwaluso kwenikweni Bunin.

M'nthawi ndemanga mankhwala apadera. Munthu analozera mwatsatanetsatane yapaderayi chinenero, zimenezi mochenjera chikhalidwe ndi zambiri maganizo kusanthula pamene ena ankaona kuti mankhwala a mtundu wa Chikhumbo kale wa anthu otchuka Russian. Komabe, prose Bunin a kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri.

Amadziwika ntchito, kapena mbiri ya banja lake

Mu 1910, Ivan anasankhidwa kukhala mmodzi wa mamembala khumi ndi iwiri yodzala ya Russian Academy of Sciences. Ndipo m'chaka chotsatira lakuti woyamba m'ziwawa buku, "The Village", limene limafotokoza moyo yowawitsa mu dziko, limene limasonyeza bwanji wathunthu kupusa, nkhanza ndi chiwawa. Ndipo mu 1911, anafalitsa buku lake lachiwiri - "kuuma Valley".

Apa akulongosola boma analibe dera Russian m'mudzimo. Komanso pali kufotokoza nostalgic wa kuvunda Russian otchuka, potengera nkhani yeniyeni ya banja lake. Ndipo kachiwiri, prose Bunin anagawa otsutsa mabuku maganizo awo. The Democrats Social taonera mtima kwake mtheradi ntchito, koma ena ambiri kwambiri anadabwa ndi zoipa kukopera.

Inayamba nkhondo, kapena kuopa tsogolo la boma

Bunin kenako Muromtseva anakhala nyengo zitatu kuchokera 1912 mpaka 1914 limakhulupirira Gorky pa chilumba cha Capri. Kumeneko anakumana ndi Fedorom Shalyapinym ndi Leonidom Andreevym. Pamene First World nkhondo, Ivan anagawa nthawi yake pakati pa kukhala mu Moscow ndi malo banja. Iye nthawi zonse ankabwerera nkhawa kwa Russia za m'tsogolo. Kaya kupitiriza kulemba mu nthawi ya Ivan Bunin? Ndakatulo kapena prose? Kodi kusintha ntchito yake?

Ivan akupitiriza kugwira ntchito mwakhama. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1914 anamaliza buku latsopano la ndakatulo ndi prose amatchedwa "Cup of Life". Ndi chiyambi cha chaka chamawa inasindikizidwa, ndipo inunso mofala. Mu chaka chomwecho izo imafalitsidwa "The njonda ku San Francisco". Mwina wotchuka kwambiri nkhani zimene zinalembedwa ndi Bunin. Zaka moyo anakhala mu Russia, zinatha. Atha kusintha kuti ngati chotikakamiza wolemba kwambiri kusamuka wake.

Kuukira ndi Ivan

Ivan anaona mantha ndi chiwonongeko chifukwa cha Chikomyunizimu pa Russian utasintha cha 1917 chaka. Mu April chaka chomwecho mfumuyi inasiya kugwirizana ndi Gorky, amene moti ndi May 21, 1918, Ivan Bunin ndi Muromtseva chilolezo boma kupita ku Moscow. Anasamukira ku Odessa. Kodi Ivan anakhala zaka ziwiri mu chiyembekezo kuti White adzatha kukhazikitsa bata. Koma posakhalitsa chisokonezeko chosintha anafalikira m'dziko boma.

Mu February 1920, Bunin anasamuka pa bolodi otsiriza French chombo akubwera kuchokera Odessa ndi zina Russia odana ndi chikominisi, ndipo potsirizira pake linathetsedwa mu Grasse, kum'mwera France. Pang'onopang'ono painfully mungathetsere nkhawa maganizo, Ivan umabwerera kwa akulemba. Sangakhale popanda cholembera ndi pepala Ivan Bunin.

Zaka za moyo wake, amene anakhala kunja, komanso amalembedwa mabuku ake ambiri ndi katswiri watsopano zolembalemba. Iye limafalitsa chisanadze chosintha ntchito yake, nthano, nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti Russian emigration atolankhani. Komabe, n'zovuta kwambiri kuti azolowere dziko latsopano, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti imasonkhezera zake mpaka anataya.

Pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Bunin?

Ivan anali woyamba Russian wolemba amene anapambana Nobel Prize mu 1933. Iye analandira Zabwino kwa kuchuluka kwa ophunzira pa dziko lonse lapansi, koma osanena ku Soviet Russia, kumene dzina lake ndi bukhu inaletsedwa. Pa emigration ndi Bunin analemba zambiri za ntchito odziwika bwino pakati pawo yafala "Wotembereredwa Masiku", pamene wolemba mwatsatanetsatane mphamvu Soviet.

Anabadwa mu 1870, Ivan anali njira ya moyo. Anapulumuka First World nkhondo, ndi wamagazi Russian utasintha, pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndipo anamwalira pa November 8, 1953, nyumba yake Paris. Kunyumba, iye sanabwerere.