Guohua - Chinese mitundu kupenta madzi ndi inki. Chinese ojambula zithunzi. Maphunziro a kupenta

ojambula zithunzi Chinese akhala akuthandiza yaikulu zojambulajambula ndi ntchito yawo yaikulu analengedwa pa pepala mpunga ndi yonyezimira, kwa zaka mazana angapo chidwi chinenero laconic luso.

malamulo zokongoletsa moyo cholowa, analipo zaka zikwi za mbiri, zooneka ndi mwambo nthanthi ya Chitao, Chibuda ndipo Chikomfyushani. Akukhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe chimaphunzitsa anthu kuona kukongola ndi choonadi cha izo ndi izi ndi mfundo yaikulu ya kupenta Chinese chikhalidwe. Wapadera katswiri za akatswiri mu Nthawi osiyana - ndi zopereka zofunika zojambulajambula.

Chinese Traditional Painting

Guohua - Chinese kupenta, amene isiyana ndi kumadzulo mbali luso kudziyerekeza: ndi wapadera oposatu silika kapena pepala ndi burashi ntchito fano. Ojambula zithunzi ntchito mchere, masamba, mitundu madzi, inki yakuda, ndipo ntchito zawo kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe a yopingasa kapena ofukula mpukutu.

Ali pakati penipeni pakati madera osiyana a luso China Guohua (kupenta Chinese) unachokera mu VII-VIII zaka BC ndipo mapeto a kalembedwe XIX m'ma zikuchoka mphepo chachiwiri.

"Zinayi Chuma"

Kulemba zojambula miyambo olemba ntchito akonzedwa zochepa zipangizo: a inki yakuda (kapena watercolor), Chinese burashi yopangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya zachilengedwe, pepala ndi chipangizo inki kwa akupera. ojambula zithunzi ambiri amakonda monochrome kupenta, kukhulupirira kuti "ati awulule akamanena za chilengedwe."

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mkhalidwe wa dziko la mitembo ndi ntchito matailosi ndi wakuda lacquer kuwala. Ambuye akusisita iwo ndi madzi kupeza kapangidwe anakhumba ndi kupanga zosiyanasiyana mithunzi. Monga ojambula zithunzi anazindikira Chinese, kukwaniritsa zotsatira anakhumba sangakhale chifukwa khalidwe osauka a nyama European.

Pakuti kupenta amagwiritsa ntchito yapadera pepala Xuan (mpunga) ndi kapangidwe enieni. Nthawi zina zojambula ndi anaphedwa silika kapena thonje.

Inkstone amakondedwa kwambiri, ndipo ambiri adutsa pansi ku mibadwomibadwo. Izi zipangizo, nthawi zina kukongoletsa, zopangidwa yade kapena dongo.

chojambula chamizere

Ngati tikulingalira nsalu zokha ayi European utoto watercolor, ndiye iwo sakhoza kuona mzere wotero. Ndi chithunzi Chinese mafano onse analengedwa ndi chitsanzo liniya. Izi losiyana kalembedwe mwambo Guohua, zikufanana kwambiri bwinobwino osauka Zilembozo zinkasonyeza m'dzikoli, zinthu zimene zili ojambula zithunzi kubweretsa ntchito yawo.

Tikumbukenso kwambiri njira burashi umwini, amene bwino zaka zambiri. Pamene woonda kapena lakuda mzere ojambula zithunzi ntchito zida mofanana Calligraphists zimafalitsa danga, voliyumu, kayendedwe, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira wamba kuwala ndi mthunzi. Kukongola kupenta Chinese ndi katswiri pa njira yapadera ya zina kuti adzipeza Mo, dzina anamasuliridwa kuti "burashi-inki". Black utoto ntchito kwa pepala mpunga, nthawi yomweyo chosakanikirana ndi chimodzi zovuta kayendedwe, mzere pachithunzichi akhoza kusintha maganizo chonse pa chithunzi, kupotoza choonadi cha moyo. Lililonse sitiroko ziyenera kukhala molondola ndiponso momveka bwino, chifukwa palibe Chotsani kapena zolondola fano wolemba sadzatha.

Njira ya zala chifaniziro

Modabwitsa, ndi Chinese kupenta njira Guohua si nthawi zonse zolembedwa ndi burashi. ambuye zambiri ntchito manja awo, kusonyeza mizere awo ndi shading utoto. Amisiri ntchito kwa mizere msomali mizere ndi zikwapu yotakata anachita PAD ya chala chake.

ndakatulo lolembedwa

Traditional kupenta Chinese amasiyana ndi European kuti pa cithunzithunzi pali lolembedwa ndakatulo, anaphedwa kalembedwe calligraphic. Choncho ambuye anafotokoza maganizo awo kuti mankhwala, ndiponso anthu azitha wokhutira zosangalatsa. Wotchuka calligrapher, wolemba ndi wojambula Lamulungu Shi, amene anakhalapo zaka za m'ma XI, anamenyera izo kukhala mu kupenta ndakatulo. Zolemba amenewo ndi maganizo a wolemba ndipo mu zolemba zake.

mipukutu

Guohua - kupenta Chinese, imene pali mtundu osaka zithunzi. Iwo ikugudubuzika ndodo mu mpukutu ndi kusungidwa mu milandu elongated. Nyimbo zalembedwa pa pepala lapadera, osati inki, komanso akupereka mchere ndi masamba zipangizo. Zojambula mu masikono, sananenedwe kwa omvetsera misa, zasungidwa kwa zaka zoposera zikwi, popanda kutaya kuwala ndi machulukitsidwe wa mitundu. Ndipo lero mukhoza amasirira katswiri wa analembedwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, odziwika ojambula zithunzi.

zophiphiritsa

Chithunzi mitundu madzi ndi inki ndi osiyana conciseness, ndi chinenero cha zizindikiro n'zomveka connoisseurs woona wa luso Chinese. Mwachitsanzo, zomera ndi mizere ndakatulo yosonyeza nyengo ndi mwezi, kapena kandulo moto usiku bwanji.

voids Vacuous zithunzi

Chinthu china chimene chimasiyanitsa kupenta Chinese ku West, ndi kuti olemba ntchito otsalafe m'madera unfilled kuti akhoza masquerade monga chimbale chithunzi kakang'ono kapena nkhungu yochitidwa. Nthawi zina malo opanda kanthu yatsala kuti ufulu anakhalabe kumangoonerera kwa m'maganizo, chifukwa zojambula Chinese - ndi zodabwitsa luso, amene N'zosatheka umodzi wa mlembi ndi omvera.

mokakamizidwa yosindikiza

Miyambo mbuye chofunika kuvala kusindikiza mankhwala yofiira, motero zikalata umunthu wawo.

Taganizirani mbali ya chikhalidwe maluso abwino, tikhoza kunena kuti Guohua - Chinese kupenta, zomwe ndi zogwirizana Chili ndakatulo, Zilembozo zinkasonyeza, ndipo kumaonekera kusindikiza luso atolankhani chosema.

polemba chinenero kupenta

Mu chikhalidwe kupenta Chinese kudziwa Mitundu angapo. Choyamba - Shanshiev (malo). Pali ambiri nthanthi lingaliro kuti anthu ndi zachilengedwe ndi chimodzi, ndipo palibe zopinga pakati pawo. Malo ntchito ndi maganizo wowerenga lapansi.

Chachiwiri mtundu wanyimbo - huanyao (chithunzi cha nyama ndi zomera). ambuye Chinese akusuzumira mu mawonekedwe wangwiro wa nyama, miyala, zomera, ndi kusamutsa kwa tanthauzo lenileni la amene sakhoza m'mawu.

The mtundu wanyimbo lachitatu - zhenu (chithunzi). Ngakhale kalelo ojambula zithunzi ntchito ndi anthu, inu mukudziwa wina ulamuliro zosasintha: pa ndime ndi kunja kufanana mlengi ayenera kusonyeza maganizo athu ndi khalidwe posonyeza zachilengedwe mumtima mwake. amisiri onse mosamalitsa kutsatira mfundo imeneyi, ndipo ngakhale pa siteji oyambirira a chitukuko cha luso Chinese a katswiri pa chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo anafika mlingo amazipanga mkulu.

masitaelo Guohua

Pali kalembedwe awiri mwambo: Gunba ofala mu magawo oyambirira, ndipo tawonani, ndipo anakhala ambiri mu m'ma XIX. Tiyeni tikambirane mbali ya malo amenewa.

Gunba Chinese kalembedwe - kalembedwe ena a kupenta imene Utoto ntchito mosamala (kuphatikizapo mtundu) ndi limatchula mbali zochepetsetsa. Cholinga chachikulu cha chithunzicho - molondola zimasonyeza chenicheni, ndipo mfundo imeneyi ya naturalism ndi yogwirizana chikoka cha Chitao. Gunba ankaona boma kupenta maphunziro. mizere bwino kalembedwe ojambula zithunzi ntchito kuti anakongoletsa Interiors ya mfumu yaikulu.

Komabe, pambuyo kufala kwa Chibuda mu ojambula zithunzi dziko kupendanso lingaliro, ndi kalembedwe watsopano Chinese CE ndi yodziwika ndi chikhalidwe ufulu wa kupenta. NdiAmene kuimira palibe nkhani kufananiza kapena chinthu, ndi kusamalira maganizo kulanda. Alikufuna kusonyeza chisoni oona mtima, zithunzi ntchito. Akukhulupirira kuti tawonani ndi - chithunzi akatswiri ndi olemba ndakatulo, ndi kalembedwe imeneyi ya ndiAmene ntchito mchikakamizo cha maganizo panthawiyi.

A zosiyanasiyana CE ndipo shuymo (yekha inki yakuda ntchito kulemba dongosolo).

Anthu ambiri aluso Chinese bwinobwino zimagwirizizirana ndi njira ntchito yawo komanso kalembedwe osiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira losanganikirana. Li Keran, Qi Baishi, Fu Baoshi, Ifen Yang, Huang Binhong, Pan Tyanshou ndi ambuye ena anakwanitsa kukwaniritsa ntchito zake zotsatira limaonetseratu, kupereka chithunzithunzi cha chikhalidwe ndi wogonjetsa ngakhale mbali zochepetsetsa.

"Kuwerenga" zithunzi

mitundu National kupenta madzi amakhala ndi chinenero wachisomo wophiphiritsa, ndi amisiri kuyikapo ntchito zawo apamtima ena. Ngati azungu zolowa nsalu, anthu Chinese kuwerenga iwo. Zojambulazo ndizodzazidwa ndi maganizo abwino ndi kupereka mwiniwake maganizo abwino.

ntchito Chinese mwadzaza ophiphiritsa ndi nthano chabe. Mwachitsanzo, mapiri amaimira wamwamuna yowala chiyambi ndi madzi - chosalimba mdima. Zojambulajambula akudutsa lokhala wosasangalala m'nyimbo, mmene zimachitika pambuyo kukhudzana ndi chilengedwe, ndipo salowa kuti naturalism ndi kufanana kunja.

Against limakhala za malo okongola a kanjedza kakang'ono anthu chimayerekezera kuti munthuyo - ichi ndi chinthu zazing'ono chilengedwe chonse, chomwe kwathunthu nkhani mphamvu yake. Koma luso Loona za anthu nthawi zonse limafanizira mphamvu kuti angathe kulamulira nyengo, ndi malingaliro ngati a munthu ukasintha wosiyana kumadzulo kupenta Chinese.

Maluwa - zilili. Pali zithunzi, chimene chimatchedwa "anayi achifumu":

• Orchid kufanizira chiyero;
• Chrysanthemum, ophatikizapo mwaulemu ndi kudzisunga;
• maula zakutchire Meihua - kulimba ndi sichisinthasinthanso;
• nsungwi - chizindikiro cha khalidwe la anthu.

ojambula zithunzi zambiri amajambulapo msondodzi, amene timapezamo kukongola ndi kuukonza tsaya. Iye ophatikizapo kasupe ndi chosalimba kukongola. Koma paini mtengo - ndi lingaliro la achinyamata wosatha ndi Confucius chipsinjo.

chilankhulo chophiphiritsa momveka bwino kuti anthu Chinese, ndi amene sangathe kumasulira ndi zophiphiritsa, kumvetsa kupenta fuko ndi amazipanga kovuta.

mbuye Guohua

Hsu Pei-anapachikidwa mwangwiro katswiri zofunika luso European ndi ntchito zake amaphatikizidwa ndi miyambo Chinese. zithunzi aakulu amene wojambula mwaluso anawulula makhalidwe maganizo a anthu, amaonedwa katswiri wa luso Chinese.

Ian Ifen, ndi wolandira wa mphoto zambiri mitundu, ndi kupitiriza woyenera anayamba zaka a mwambo.

Gu Yinchzhi, analandira udindo wa "Mfumukazi ya Amphaka", ntchito kalembedwe taonani ndi. Iye mwaluso imamveka nyama, ndi zojambula iye akupatseni akazembe Chinese alendo yachilendo.

Qi Bai Shi - mmodzi wa oimira kwambiri ya kalembedwe. Supervisory Mlengi, akhoza analanda mbali yaikulu, analemba zojambula pachiyambi, kaphatikizidwe luso lalikulu ndi luso Zilembozo zinkasonyeza mizere limaonetseratu.

Maphunziro a kupenta

Anthu ambiri akufuna kuphunzira zinsinsi za Guohua, koma kuti aphuzire m'mene angapangire si mophweka mu njira imeneyi. Ojambula zithunzi Nthawi zambiri amachita inu musanafike kwa ntchito, imene imachitika mu mpweya chomwecho, kupewa.

The Chinese kuzindikira osati kukongola kwa thupi la zojambulajambula, komanso mkati, mphamvu yawo ndi mphamvu. Masitolo ambiri kugulitsa dziko Album wapadera colorings, lomwe limasonyeza akuyambira zithunzi. maphunziro amapereka penti zipatso zake, ndipo pafupifupi aliyense akhoza kujambula chithunzi kalembedwe mwambo. Choncho anaika kukoma wabwino ndi kusamalidwa kukonda luso.

Ndakatulo, adapindulapo mawonekedwe ake

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti tsopano Guohua mungawononge nthawi. Iye anayenda kuchokera mu malo yopapatiza miyambo Chinese dziko. Mu luso zithunzi pali nkhani pa mitu chi, ndi zojambula zimenezi ndizodzazidwa ndi okhutira latsopano. Lolani kugwirizana ndi tingachipeze powerenga, anati kuti "kupenta - ndi ndakatulo yomwe inkayenda."