Karyotypes - izo .... Kodi kuyesedwa kwa karyotype?

Nthawi zambiri anthu amasokoneza mayina ndipo sindikumvetsa kusiyana pakati pa syndromes chromosomal jini ndi matenda. mawu awa ali pathologies osiyana. M'nkhani limeneli muphunzira zimene karyotype, kodi mbali ya matenda chromosomal.

Kodi mawu akuti "karyotype"?

Karyotype - osakaniza DNA ena. maphunziro Cytogenetic mawu a kuchuluka kwawo ndi dongosolo ikuchitika pa m'badwo uliwonse, kamodzi mu moyo. Kodi titsimikize ku khromozomu mowerengera:

1. Kutiumba ndi kukula.
2. phewa kutalika.
3. Kupezeka kwa kaduka zina.
4. Location telomeres.

mitundu karyotypes

Mitundu yonse ya zamoyo, kuphatikizapo anthu, ali karyotypes osiyana. Ndi osakaniza makhalidwe onse DNA ndi, zikuchokera amene amathandiza kugwira ntchito yachibadwa lililonse makamaka payekha dziko moyo. Karyotype ndi:

1. The mitunduyi ndi khalidwe chabe kwa mtundu.
2. Munthu - lililonse anthu.

Normal karyotype anthu

Matenda limodzi ndi kusintha pathological, wotchedwa chromosomal. Chibadwa akuphunzira makhalidwe awo ndi dongosolo. Mu DNA adalinso (karyotype) Amakhala ndi zidutswa 46. Mu dongosolo ili pali mitundu iwiri. Kugonana DNA zili ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama 2. Otsala 22 awiriawiri - asexual, iwo amatchedwa "autosomes."

Mu akazi, kugonana DNA amaoneka atavala XX (awiri DNA lalikulu) ndi amuna - XY (waukulu ndi wina waung'ono). Pa mfundo imeneyi, wabwinobwino karyotype pa theka okongola a anthu ali 46XX chilinganizo, ndi amuna - 46XY. zolakwika aliyense kuchokera mitunduyi izi kupunduka zosiyanasiyana, malformations, padera, osabereka, ndi ena.

karyotype

Karyotype kusanthula limapezeka pa siteji ya kugawikana selo, pamene miyeso chawo chinasintha. Nthawi imeneyi, zilipo kuzindikira. Phunzirani pa karyotypes kuchitidwa ndi ndondomeko kudetsa wapadera ndi kuphunzira wotsatira DNA ndi maso kuwala. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuona kukula ndi mawonekedwe, dongosolo la matupi, komanso kaduka yaikulu kapena zasekondale ndi inhomogeneity ku malo. dongosolo lonse lakuti yokonzedwa zowoneka kutanthauza kusintha asakhale ndi vutoli. Choyamba, mwachindunji chiwerengero (manambala) kenako chikondwerero mtundu - kugonana kapena autosomes, ndipo positi lotsatira - izo zimaonetsa (makamaka phewa kutalika).

zithunzi zonse kujambulidwa pansi simungathe kutiona kuti kuchita kusintha, ndi kuchotsedwa ndodo kenako anapanga chithunzi thunzi chokwanira. Nkofunika kuti aone karyotypes, zikuthandizani kudziwa kudwala osiyana pamisinkhu oyambirira kubadwa ndi kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi. Ndipotu, sukhala kubadwa kwa mwana wathanzi.

Mitundu ya mayesero kwa karyotype

Pali 2 mitundu ya maphunziro pa karyotype ndi:

1. Khama la karyotype mu leukocytes. Phunziro lino imachitika kwa akulu kupeza kapena osaphatikiza kuvutika chromosomal. Ndipotu, Mukapeza, zingaoneke mu mibadwo ya m'tsogolo ya matenda chibadwa. Kwa kusanthula izi, wodwala ayenera pochitika magazi karyotype lapansi.
2. Akalandire chithandizo kuphunzira. kusanthula izi imagwiridwa mu utero kudziwa kuvutika chromosomal mu mwana wosabadwayo. Nkofunika kwa makolo kuchita kuwunika, onani karyotype. Mtengo Komabe mtima, koma tiyenera kukweza ndalama ndi kuchita kafukufuku. Pamene ena mwa zotsatira za kuwunika taonera kuchotsa mimbayo, monga kudwala yoopsa mwina atakwatirana ndi moyo kapena m'tsogolo adzabweretsa lolemera, zotsatira mpaka kalekale.

Amene ayenera kuyesedwa kwa karyotype?

M'mayiko ambiri, karyotype ndi choyambilira ukwati. Ndipo m'pake kutero, chifukwa munthu aliyense akhoza kusintha kapangidwe ka DNA, amene alibe thanzi lake. Koma izi zitha kumachitika pamene akukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati.

Monga momwe zilili ndi yobereka ndi mayesero ena, pali wachibale ndipo mtheradi zikuonetsa kwa tanthauzo. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo:

1. Pamaso pa matenda maselo a mmodzi wa akazi a.
2. Zonse padera.
3. Kukhala ndi mwana ndi matenda chibadwa.
4. M'badwo wa mayi woyembekezera kapena mapulano mimba akazi zaka zoposa 35.
5. Mmene thupi la zinthu zosiyanasiyana tizilombo monga dzuwa, mankhwala, etc.
6. Violation chitukuko kugonana.

Wachibale zikuonetsa yobereka pa karyotypes - ichi khalidwe lochita kusankha. Kusanthula mu Zikatero ndi zofunika pochitika.

Kodi inu kupeza nthawi ya kusanthula pa karyotype chiyani?

Kudutsa phunziro ili, tingaphunzire zambiri zokhudza umoyo wawo chibadwa. Woyamba ndipo koposa zonse - ndi chikhulupiriro kuti munthu wathanzi. kusintha karyotype anati zolakwika mwakale. Mtundu uwu wa kufufuza kuthandiza kupeza:

1. Zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana ana, monga kakulidwe akuchedwa, kulumala aluntha, kutha msanga kukula ndi ena.
2. Kuti tipeze kuopsa kwa kubadwa kwa ana ndi matenda chibadwa.

Komanso, kusanthula izi zimathandiza kudziwa zosiyanasiyana matenda chromosomal. Pali kutchulidwa kachitidwe, kuti ndi syndromes karyotypes monga:

1. Pansi ndi matenda. Matendawa wapanga m'mimba 47 DNA mayi. Mu 21 mabanja anapeza wagawo zina, amene ali ndi udindo kwa matenda.
2. Polysomes mu X-khromozomu.
3. Patau syndrome.
4. Various zopindika.
5. Cat kulira syndrome ndi ena.

Karyotype ndi kuvutika opezeka pa 1% ya ana onse. matenda amenewa kuyambitsa retardation maganizo, pathologies osiyanasiyana, ndipo ngakhale imfa. Milandu kuvutika kumawonjezera ndi zaka akuchikazi. mlingo uwu umakhudza kusamala angathe kukhala mwana ali ozerezeka. A pakati pa zaka 35 ngozi 1: 1000 40 -1: 200 ndi pambuyo 45 - 1:19.

Ndingapite kudzipenda pa karyotype chiyani?

Ngakhale kuti phunziro ili ambiri amadziwika ndi zachilendo, ena akudabwa komwe kudali karyotype ndi kumene kutenga kusanthula izi? Ndondomeko kwambiri nthawi yambiri choncho mtengo, kotero si ikuchitika zipatala chigawo. Koma mu mzinda uliwonse waukulu pali bungwe, chimene chidzakhala karyotype kusanthula iwe umangolowa ndi kutumiza ku dokotala. mabungwe njirazi ndi izi:

1. zakulera malo.
2. Medical chibadwa mabungwe.
3. Laboratories Modern maphunziro osiyanasiyana.
4. umayi ndi ubwana malo.
5. zipatala Private.

Pofuna kupewa zakambidwa chowawa mimba ndi kuzindikira zimayambitsa osabereka ayenera mosamala asakhale ndi vutoli anapereka kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi onse awiri. Modern kudziwika karyotype chisokonezo amatilola kugwiritsa ntchito njira zimene zingakuthandizeni ndi mwana wathanzi.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe chachikulu cha kusintha karyotype ndi "cholakwika" spermatogenesis. Ena umuna ndi dongosolo akusokoneza nawo umuna dzira. Angathe kuyambitsa kubadwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi karyotype nthenda. Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe a matenda zokhudza zinthu osauka zachilengedwe, zomwe amakwiya ndi kusintha kwa DNA. Ndipo iwo, nawonso, kungasokoneze pa kusintha karyotype anthu. masinthidwe awa anatengera, kotero musati pachiopsezo thanzi la mwana wawo wosabadwa ndi akunyoza Baibulo amatanthauza kusanthula mtundu uwu.