Imre Kalman: yonena ndi chidwi mfundo

Wolemba kwambiri Imre Kalman, operetta imaikidwa mu zisudzo bwino nyimbo za dziko, moyo wonse ntchito ndi zilandiridwenso. Iye ankayenera kuti athetse mavuto ambiri, kuona bwino kwambiri kukakumana kwambiri chikondi. dzina lake amagwirizana heyday wa operetta Viennese, iye anayamba kulowa mbiri ya nyimbo monga mlengi wa ntchito kuwala, chidaliro ndi wansangala, ngakhale yonena lake zambiri akumanidwa chimwemwe.

ubwana

Anabadwa munthu timadziwira pansi pa dzina la Imre Kalman, October 24, 1882 m'tauni yaing'ono ya Siofok pa Nyanja Balaton. dzina lake lenileni Emmerich Koppshteyn. Adakali pasukulu, iye anasintha dzina lake chiyuda kwambiri ndale Kalman. awisi zinali zomvetsa wolemera bourgeois banja moyo wochuluka, chinakula ana awiri zambiri kuwonjezera Imre. Komabe, patatha zaka zochepa mwana wamng'ono wa Charles Koppshteynu ankadziwa kuti kupanga mudzi wake ndi achisangalalo wotukuka. Iye padera kwambiri pomanga kumakhala liwiro, Operetta Theatre, mahotela angapo. Koma zonsezi si ndakuwonetserani, ndi atate Kalman anali kumira ngongole. Zonse zikuthera mwachisoni, katundu wake uziyenda mangawa, ndipo banja chabwerera ku Budapest. Posachedwapa mutu wa banja anatumiza Imre moyo pansi pa chisamaliro cha azakhali anga.

mapangidwe

Mu zaka 10, mnyamata imatumizidwa yomweyo ku sukulu ziwiri: zolimbitsa thupi Agiriki ndi nyimbo. Ngakhale umphawi, chifukwa Imre anagula limba ntchito, zomwe iye ankachita mphindi iliyonse yopuma. Koma posakhalitsa, nkhani zachuma lafika poipa kwambiri kuti wamwamuna anayenera kusiya kuphunzitsa ndi kukagwira ntchito. M'bapfunzisa Latin ndi ophunzira Greek sekondale ndipo anapitiriza Namkungwi nyimbo. Umphawi anamuika manyazi ndi unsociable mnyamata, koma iye anayamba lili ndi akatswiri malonda. Ndiyamika podziwa, Imre Kálmán anali kupita nyimbo sukulu. Iye mpaka anayamba kukaimba, zimene zinabweretsa iye kutchuka ndi ndalama yaing'ono.

Komabe, kachiwiri kuyembekezera kulephera movutika: reborrow pokonzekera mpikisano music, Imre anavulala pinkie, lomwe nthawi anamuletsa unbend. Nyimbo kupanga anachita kuyiwala. Imre Kalman limodzi ndi kalasi zikuchokera, malangizo a pulofesa, iye anayamba kulemba ntchito symphonic. Koma iwo analibe bwino. Iye akadali anakwanitsa maphunziro a ukachenjede ndipo ndinalembetsa Academy of Music. Pa kuumirira kwa Kalman achibale apitambo lamulo luso. Chifukwa cha khama zosaneneka anatha kumaliza sukulu awiri, kukhala loya kapena woimba aŵiri.

Kufunafuna palokha

Ndalama kukhalapo, Imre Kalman anali wophunzira akuyamba kulemba nkhani yovuta kwa ndime nyimbo mu nyuzipepala. Pambuyo sukulu iye anapita kukagwira ntchito ku nyuzipepala, monga m'mbali sitikufuna kukhala wazamalamulo. Achibale anali kuyembekeza kuti akupita malamulo, ndipo pamene kunapezeka kuti izi siziri choncho, anataya thandizo lililonse ndalama. Kachiwiri, iye ankayenera kugwira ntchito ndi katundu awiri: tsiku analemba kuti nyuzipepala, ndipo analemba nyimbo madzulo. ntchito yake yovuta anam'bweretsera ndalama zochepa, kanthu zambiri sakanakwanitsa. Koma anakondwera kuti udindo akhoza kupezeka zoimbaimba uliwonse ndi malo, monga matikiti iye sakanakwanitsa.

Wolemba Way

Ngakhale sukulu ya Imre Kalman analemba lalikulu nyimbo: symphonic music, zidutswa limba ndi nyimbo ndipo ngakhale nyimbo. Koma kufalitsa ndi kuchita nyimbo zake palibe amene anafuna. woimba wina ngakhale mu kusimidwa adaseleula motere naye kuti chifukwa iye akubwera moti ayamba kulemba operettas.

Mu 1905, Kalman mwayi ankamukonda Budapest Academy of Music kwa nyimbo mkombero. ndalama Izi zinamuthandiza kukhala masabata asanu mu Berlin. Kumeneko, wolemba anadutsa ofalitsa onse music, kuyembekezera kufalitsa nyimbo, koma sizinatheke. Mosimidwa, umphawi ndi kukanidwa categorical wa Wolemba nyimbo Imre Kalman aganiza kuti ayambe kulambira "otsika mtundu wanyimbo" - operetta.

bwino

Chiyambi cha m'ma 20 zinali zodzaza ndi mavuto zozama za operetta lapansi. Mu 1899, iye anamwalira, "Waltz King" Iogann Shtraus, amene analembera Austria ndi Hungary poyera ankakonda operetta. zaka khumi polemba chinenero anakula wodwala ndi anamwalira. A kuvomereza Imre Kalman, nyimbo mwamtheradi sanapezeke ndi ovomerezeka pa nthawi anataya chikhulupiriro mwa iwo okha, ndipo anavutika chifukwa chosowa ndalama. anakwiya kwambiri ndi dziko lonse okha kuphatikizapo wolemba zokhoma mu lendi nyumba kunja kwa mzinda wa Graz, kulemba nyimbo zabwino, ndi kwa cholembera lake likuchokera operetta choyamba - "yophukira ayendetsa". Kuyamba ntchito zinachitika mu Budapest, ndipo pamene phwando anali oposa ofunda, Kalman anaganiza kuti awaonetse ku likulu. Mu 1909, ku Vienna Operetta anawombera m'manja inde watsopano, ndipo kenako choyenera bwino anadikira Wolemba mu Berlin ndi Hamburg. Kalman anasamukira ku moyo mu Vienna, ndipo amapatsidwa ntchito.

Kuyambira nthawi limayamba Kalman operetta kulenga bwino kwambiri, ena mwa iwo anali bwino, ena amathandiza nthawi. Komabe, iye anali kupeza kutchuka ndi chuma. Iye anakhala wolemera kwambiri munthu, ndi chiyamiko chonse cha khama ndi luso. Kupambana mpaka 1933. Mu 1932, ku Vienna lonse nsangala anawombera m'manja kwa maestro pa chikumbutso chake 50 tili. Iye anali kupereka mphatso zosiyanasiyana ndi mphoto. Koma mu 1933, ndi Wolemba akatswiri Mwamwayi zinatha.

operetta

Kuyambira kuti alembe operetta, Kalman akufotokozera kalembedwe wake. Ntchito zake ndi kunyezimira ndi chisangalalo. Zikuoneka kuti iwo ankathamanga kuti ziyembekezo zawo zonse ndi maloto, amene anapeza kwambiri chifukwa mavuto. Mu 1912, iye amalenga ntchito "Gypsy-yaikulu" imene kwathunthu anasonyeza luso wolemba akuti: Chihangare nyimbo wowerengeka, wosakaniza zikuchokera, kanthu zazikulu. Ngakhale kuti ntchito imeneyi sanali zoyembekezeka kuona bwino Komabe woimba kuyambira pamenepo zambiri amakhulupirira kuti anapeza njira yake. Iye anayamba ntchito ndi librettists akatswiri ndi ntchito mwakhama.

Mu 1915 Imre Kalman "Silva" yemwe anakhala kutengeka, chimagwiritsidwa losadziwika. Amakhala otchuka mwini operetta ndi, chuma chake chimalimba iye akhoza potsiriza lekani kudandaula za mawa. Mu 1921, pa kuyamba kwa "Bayadere", mu 1924 - "Maritsa". Wolemba mwamphamvu wotanganidwa malo kutsogolera Vienna woimba nyimbo likulu anasankha mfumu yatsopano.

Mu 1926, a operetta, amene analengedwa ndi Imre Kalman, "The masewera aja Mfumukazi", anali kupambana wake weniweni. Anali malo pozungulira chifukwa omvera anakonda Arias ndi ntchito akuimba kulikonse. Popeza zimene operetta udzachitika mwina mu Russia, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mmodzi wa zisudzo woyamba unachitika mu Moscow.

Musayembekezere bwino kwambiri ndi "The Violet wa Montmartre", izo wasonyeza mu Vienna, mbiri kangapo - 170! Koma chiyambi cha 30s izo zinafika povuta kwa Europe ndi Austria, Anazi kubwera kwa mphamvu, ndi Kalman anali Myuda. Iye amayenera nkhawa zokhudza moyo wanu.

emigration

Mu 1938 Imre Kalman, amene yonena ndi wamavuto ndi mayesero, kuti achoke Austria. Choyamba iye anapita ku Paris, komwe adalandira Legiyo Ulemu, ndiyeno - mu United States. Iye anakhala zaka 11 ku America, sitiroko, ndi uko ku chisonkhezero cha banja anabwerera ku Ulaya ndipo anakakhala ku Paris. Emigration nthawi Kalman amalenga operettas awiri - "Marinka" ndi "Arizona Lady", amene bwino monga ntchito kale wa Woipeka.

kulenga cholowa

Ntchito za Imre Kalman lero kudziwika padziko lonse. Ngakhale analemba okwana 17 operettas. 9 a iwo akhala mbali ya repertoire a zisudzowo nyimbo zambiri osati Europe komanso United States. Komanso pali ena symphonic ndi piano ntchito za Wolemba lapansi. Best zolengedwa Kalman mukukhulupirira operetta "Gypsy-yaikulu", "Mfumukazi ya Czardas", "wotchuka Maritza", "The masewera aja Mfumukazi", "The Violet wa Montmartre".

Atatu chikondi Imre Kalmana

Imre Kalman anali ndi chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri munthu, panali atatu chilakolako champhamvu mu moyo wake. Wolemba anali ambiri, unprepossessing munthu: msinkhu waung'ono, lalikulu m'madera dazi ali mwana, wachisoni, wowopsa. Palibe boded iye pikhabuluka ndi atsikana.

chikondi chake choyamba chinali chachikulu Paula Dvorak - kukongola ndi Ammayi operetta. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iye anawona ake pa tsiku la kuyamba wopambana wa operetta koyamba ku Vienna. Kalman Imre khama adafuthula kupambana mtima wa diva, iye anali wamkulu kuposa zaka 10, chikondi chawo chinali dizzying. Koma anakwatira Wolemba Paula sanafune kusiya. Iye ankadziwa kuti ana iye sadzatero. Ankamusamalira za Imre, kuphika kwa iye, kutonthoza, ndipo iye anali okhutitsidwa ndi moyo woterowo. Iye ankavutika kwambiri kupeza ntchito, iye anali kumeneko. Koma idyll kunali kutatha. Patatha zaka 18 wa banja, Paula anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Wolemba chisoni ankadziwa Palibe malire. Pa pachibwenzi, anatulutsa operetta zabwino.

Pa moyo wa Paula ndinali kuganiza mmene Kalman moyo popanda izo. Iye nthawi zonse anamuuza ndi lingaliro lakuti iye kukwatira mkazi wamng'ono amene adzabereka ana ake. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, anayamba naye yowala Ammayi lolemera Agnes Esterhazy. Pakati wolemba ndi Ammayi inadutsa maganizo. Atamwalira Paula Kalman ankafuna kukwatira Agnes. Iye anamugula nyumba, amapatsa ndi maluwa ndi mphatso. Koma ndinaphunzira za kusakhulupirika kwa abwenzi, kumukhululukira, iye sakanakhoza.

Mu 1940, Kalman anakumana ndi emigrant wamng'ono kwambiri ku Russia Vera Makinsk, amene anayesa kukhala filimu zisudzo. Wolemba The chidwi ndi mwana ndipo kukongola. Anakwatira Vera, koma ukwati sanasangalale, ngakhale ali ana atatu anabadwa. Chikhulupiriro linkafuna pa maphwando, mtengo kugula, mabuku, osati Kalman. Imre anamukhululukira zonse, anapempha kuti imbuluke, kusamalira ana. Lembani zinali kamodzi kokha, ndi kudzoza ikutha kudzamuona.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Pambuyo sitiroko mu 1949, Kalman anali ziwalo. moyo wake kunali kovuta, iye anali nawo ana, ndinayesetsa kulemba nyimbo, koma ndi ntchito zoipa. Back mu 1950 ku Paris, Imre Kalman akuyesera ntchito ndi operetta zaposachedwapa, amene wolephera wa Woipeka. October 30, 1953 Kalman anafa. Iye anaikidwa mu Vienna - mzinda wa kupambana wake.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Zaka 4 Imre Kalman ankakonda nyimbo, iye maola pansi mazenera a pulofesa wa, woyimba zeze, pamene iye anali pachibwenzi. Kenako anaphunzitsa mu akuimba limba kwa maola 16 pa tsiku, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zoipa.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Kalman ankakonda kwambiri ndi wololera munthu. Koma kwambiri mantha Lachisanu ndi nambala "13". Iye sanayambe yoikidwiratu kuyamba pa nambala 13, iye ankakhulupirira kuti mwayi chiwerengero chake - "17", ndipo ayesa kusunga operetta analozera kwa nthawi yoyamba izo zinali mu masiku amenewo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti operetta ayenera kuvala maina akazi okha ngati sikungathandize.