Mtengo mtengo, tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa ndalama okwana

Monga lero, ambiri nzika za dziko amatha kuchita mtundu wina wa zamalonda. Koma Sizotheka kuti molondola kuwerengera ndalama chomaliza cha mtundu winawake wa mankhwala. Ndipo kuwerengera phindu - komanso ambiri sichinthu chapafupi. Izi zimafunika chilinganizo mitengo ya zinthu. Ndipotu, podziwa zimakhala kuwerengetsera zonse zofunikira.

Kuchita mawerengedwe izi, m'pofunika kumvetsa zimene ndendende masamu, ndi onse, kuti ndalama zimenezi, chilinganizo cha chimene chili chofunika computations zolondola. Ena mwa mfundo kanthu ati, ngakhale kufunika kwake kale kuonekera mutu. Mwachidule, mtengo, chilinganizo cha chimene chili chofunika kwambiri kwa mawerengedwe a phindu ndi mtengo yomaliza ya katundu, limaoneka ngati mtengo okwana ndalama ya ndalama zonse zimene zakhala ntchito pa ulimi ndi kugulitsa mankhwala makamaka.

Pofuna kuti kuwerengetsera ake, m'pofunika kuti amvetse mfundo zina za zinthu payekha zingawonekere. Zingakhale zomveka kunena kuti aliyense ndondomeko zotsimikizira kwa kupanga gulu la ulimi akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu monga zipangizo, magetsi, mafuta, ntchito ndi zachilengedwe, ndi zina zotero.

Chuma ndi njira zingapo zimene mtengo mtengo zonse kuchita masamu. Chilinganizo cha ndondomekoyi chimaonetsedwa kudzera mwa zinthu mtengo chuma mawerengedwe ntchito (mtengo munthu zinthu) nkhani.

Choncho, njira choyamba ntchito pamene kuwerengetsa mtengo wa mkulu-buku, kuŵeta. Apa, ndalama adzapatsidwa zigawo zikuluzikulu osiyana monga:

- mtengo wa katundu,

- yaiwisi, amene anafuna kupanga mankhwala;

- Ndalama anafuna kuti malipiro a anthu ogwira ntchito;

- depreciation kapena amortization wa chuma amene ntchito mwachindunji mu kupanga ndondomeko ;

- malipiro mwadongosolo, amene anafuna kuti azikatumikira ku ndalama boma zosowa zothandiza anthu;

- ndalama zina kuti sakuchita zokhudzana ndi kupanga ndondomeko (ndalama pamwamba mu ndondomeko kupanga, pa kukhazikitsa mtengo, mtengo makampeni a malonda, etc.).

Mwachidule awa zinthu mtengo, kulandira ndalama okwana makamaka mankhwala mtanda kwathunthu.

Ntchito kuwerengera unit mtengo wa njira kuti kuwerengetsa mtengo popanga mayunitsi mankhwala watenga katundu konkire adzalamulira ndi Uwerenge nkhani zotsatirazi mawerengedwe a:

- kuchuluka kwa zipangizo anafunikira kuti agwire unit wa ulimi;

- kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi magetsi zofunika zolinga kupanga;

- theka-yomalizidwa mankhwala zigawo zikuluzikulu, zida zosinthira ndi zinthu zina zimene zilipo kwa mafakitale ena;

- pulayimale ndi sekondale malipiro thumba la ogwira ntchito;

- chikhalidwe ubwino;

- depreciation nyumba ndi zipangizo;

- Bvalani zida otsika kalasi ndi Chalk;

- chiwerengero cha ndalama zina mu shopu, momwe ndondomeko kupanga.

Uwerenge chifukwa cha ndalama pamwamba ndipo adzatchedwa "mtengo": chilinganizo ake lachokera mwachindunji mtundu uliwonse munthu kupanga, kapena kuchita chilichonse.

Pamene mankhwala wotumidwa kukhazikitsa kapena utumiki idzapeza ogula, ndi kuchuluka anasonyeza ayenera zidzawonjezedwa ndi ndalama zotsatirazi:

- kuchuluka kwa ndalama chonse cha ogwira wonse;

- malonda;

- Other ndalama Non-kupanga, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa zoyendera ndi kugulitsa katundu anakhazikitsa.