Indigirka - mtsinje kumpoto kum'mawa Yakutia. Kufotokozera, chakudya, makhwawa

Indigirka - mtsinje kumpoto kwa gawo Asian la Russia. Ndi yaikulu mu Republic of Sakha (poyamba Yakutia), wachitatu waukulu kwambiri Siberia. Kutalika kwa mtsinje - 1726 Km, wasefukira kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto, m'kamwa - East Siberia Sea. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dziwe losambira uli Indigirka Arctic Ocean. M'dera madzi a mtsinje beseni -. Pafupifupi 360 zikwi Km. Mozungulira lonse mwanyanja kumalondolera ulemerero wake: mapiri mbali imodzi posonyeza kulimba mtima, momveka ina - ndi softness ndi kukoma mtima.

Dzina ndi gwero

Indigirka - mtsinje umene amatenga dzina lake ku Siberia Tunguska dziko Evens. M'chinenero chawo, hydronym anamasuliridwa kuti "dziwe galu."

magwero Indigirka akutenga malo awiri phiri mitsinje ya miyeso yaing'ono converge. mitsinje Gwero ili pa otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa lokwera Halkan. Inali chiyambi cha mtsinje pa msinkhu wa mamita 792 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kaperekedwe mtsinje

Malinga ndi maonekedwe a njira, chigwa ndi mathamangidwe otaya Indigirka - mtsinje, ungathe kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: lamapiri ndi kumveka. Kutalika kwa gawo chapamwamba phiri - 640 Km, lathyathyathya pansi - 1086 Km. Akuyenda kuchokera kumpoto otsetsereka Halkan osiyanasiyana, otaya imatsogoleredwa pamodzi malire m'munsi Oimyakon zomwe zili mabala zitunda: Chemalginsky ndi Cherskii. Zotsatirazi, anamaliza lokwera Moma, Indigirka akulowa zigwa m'deralo. Mtsinje mwala pa webusayitiyi, ziwalo ndi chochepa cha mtsinje ndi yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda kuchokera mu nthaka ndi boulders lakuthwa, wotchedwa shivera.

Mlingo wa kayendedwe ka madzi pankhani zimenezi za 2-3 m / s. Pamene Indigirka Chemalginsky intersects ndi lokwera, ukuwonjezeka liwiro 4 m / s. M'dera lino, mtsinjewu umapanga mathithi loyenda m'zigwembe zakuya. chiwembuchi zovuta ndi zoopsa, kotero si abwino ngakhale aloyi lapansi.

Mu gawo lathyathyathya la Indigirka (mtsinje) umayenda mwa Yano-Indigirka ndi Abyisky otsika. Valley kumawonjezera, kupanga ambiri mangongo, shoals ndi manja. M'lifupi avareji mtsinje pa malo awa -. 500 mamita Indigirka ndi tortuous kwambiri.

Pafupi kuti ankadziwana ndi kumawonjezera m'lifupi chigwa mpaka 600-800 m, ndi mtsinje lagawidwa: Russian m'kamwa mwa Kolyma malaya Avereji malaya - waukulu wa iwo. Wamanja 130 Km from nyanja, kenako, kupanga ankadziwana lonse, malo ake oposa 5 500 sq. Km. Beseni chimafikira pamodzi malire a Madzi oundana, kotero oledenevshie gombe ndi matalala yaikulu - boma khalidwe la madzi ikuyenda Indigirka.

Koma pakati pa kamwa ndi nyanja anapanga bala osaya (kunatitimira pachimulu chamchenga la mtsinje ndi chitayiko nyanja nyanja).

Zakudya, kuda ndi congelation

The mtsinje Indigirka wosanganiza mtundu. Ambiri mwa mpaka mvula ndi snowmelt madzi. Komanso pansi womaliza kukuyenera kutembenuka chisanu madzi, ayezi, ndi icings. Pond ndi chibadidwe mtundu East Siberia a boma. M'miyezi yotentha, pali chigumula zonse. Chimakhala masiku 70 mpaka 100. Koma mtsinje ali ndi ayezi mu October, ndipo nthawi imeneyi kumatenga mpaka May ndi June. Chombo pa intervals limatenga sabata. Pachaka runoff madzi - m'ma 58 Km, kwambiri m'chilimwe (50%), kasupe - 32% kugwa - 15%, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira kuposa 1%.

Mtsinje boma Indigirka kwambiri kuti otaya ndi ankaona kuti lozizira pa dziko, izi ndi mbali yake yapadera. Nyengo ndi frosty wovuta. Pamene kutentha sekondale mpweya (opanda madigiri 40-50 Celsius), mtsinje m'madera ena kuzizira pansi. M'mudzi. Ojmjakon imene ili pafupi confluence. Nera mu Indigirka, anawerenga kutentha wotsikitsitsa mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Nthaka pansi pa chiyambi alluvial.

Geographic m'madera ndi nyengo

Ena Mtsinje Russian (Indigirka kuphatikizapo) zimachitika pafupifupi dera lonse la Republic of Yakutia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi mu dongosolo chomera amapita m'madera osiyana m'mayiko ambiri. Nayonso ndi nkhalango nayonso mu malire chapamwamba Mitanda mtsinje (zomera umaimiridwa ndi nkhalango ochepa mitundu m'nkhalango ya mkungudza ndiponso m'nkhalango alder), ndi m'nkhalango Titafika pamalo ndi Titafika pamalo ku malire m'munsi (womwe zitsamba ndi ndere). Arctic chipululu khalidwe la otaya ankadziwana ndi. Kulikonse pfunde gombe.

Nyengo - zikuchepa-chokhala. Avereji ya January kutentha - opanda 40 ° C, ambiri kwa July - kuphatikiza 14 ° C. Chinyezi - 70%.

Inflows

Makhwawa Indigirka ili onse mu chapamwamba ndi malire m'munsi. M'malire pamwamba pa otaya pafupi kumanzere - Elga mtsinje, Kyuente, Kuydusun bwino - waukulu inflow Indigirka - p. Nehra (196 km). Malirewo m'munsi mwa kumanzere - Uyandina Mtsinje makhwawa, Allaikha Mtsinje, selenium, Berelekh; Kumanja - Mtsinje Badyarikha Mtsinje ndi Moma.

Kuwonjezera makhwawa zikulu, kuchokera Indigirka pali ang'onoang'ono - rivulet Sarylakh, Talbykchan, Arga-Yuryakh, Achchygy-Chagachannah, Ataba-Yuryakh ndi ena. Makhwawa, komanso Indigirka kwambiri, chifukwa cholephera mvula ndi chipale anasungunuka.

chitukuko cha dziko

mosungiramo chitukuko linayamba m'zaka za m'ma XVII, pamene anadza ku Siberia Tobolsk Cossacks. Ndi kuthetsa woyamba pa magombe a mtsinje Indigirka anakhazikitsidwa mu 1639 ndi Cossack Postnik Ivanov - Zashiverskaya ndende. Pamudzi The kunkakhala anthu mpaka cha m'ma XIX. Komabe, pambuyo nthomba mliri tawuni zinatha. Tsopano iye salinso anthu, koma pali mzinda-chipilala.

Misa chitukuko cha anthu anayamba mu zoyambirira za m'ma XVIII. Mu Delta , pali kuthetsa yaikulu m'mbali - Russian Estuary. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX pa magombe a mtsinje panali 29 midzi.

Tsopano m'mphepete mwa nyanja Indigirka mizere 5 m'midzi Ayenela-Nera (6000 pers.), Chokurdakh (2100 pers.), White Mountain (2000 pers.), Oymyakon (500 pers.), Hon (2 500. ). Chokurdakh mudzi - ndi kumpoto doko Russia.

Kuwonjezera am'deralo, anthu m'madera izi kuti akope miyala ya golide. Pa magombe a mtsinje ndi golide migodi. Pa Moma mtsinje beseni pali miyala ya malasha.

zomera

Indigirka wolemera oimira nsomba zomera. Mu madzi a mtsinje aona kwawo za mitundu 30 a nsomba. nsomba zotchuka kwambiri ku kamwa. Mitundu ambiri malonda a nyama za m'madzi Indigirka: whitefish, Cisco ndi whitefish. Kuwonjezera oimira akudziwika ndi ena: whitefish, whitefish, burbot.

Komanso, madzi akupezeka Indigirka ndipo zatsala pang'ono kutha nsomba, ena amene ali m'gulu pangozi. Mwachitsanzo, Siberia Nsombazi - nthumwi limakhala pangozi. Chiwerengero cha anthu a nsomba woyera nsomba, whitefish Siberia utachepa mfundo yovuta. Posachedwapa anayambitsa kuletsa muskun nsomba zamoyo.
Nthawi kuti zimaswana mu ankadziwana ndi Indigirka kupita nsomba: pinki ndi chum nsomba.

Nthawi ya chilimwe ku mudzi Honu yodutsira mtsinje. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mtsinje ndicho madzi njira zoyendera mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Russia.

oyendayenda

Mbaberwa mtsinje Indighirka - chochitika si munthu zosavuta, malo oopsa. Koma koposa zonse amakankhira kwa mavuto kutentha. ophunzira amenewa zambiri Institute Geographical pa mchitidwe kafukufuku, chifukwa chakuti ambiri gombe Indigirka sichinayambe kuphunzira.

Koma adventurers kusowa kulikonse, ndi malire m'munsi mwa mtsinjewo ikuchitika bwato rafting, kayaking. Ndipo komabe pali malo zodabwitsa abwino nsomba ndi kusaka.

Zokopa achilengedwe a m'dera akhoza zimachitika Chersky osiyanasiyana. Otchedwa pambuyo wofufuza wa ID dera Cherskogo. The chimbuzi cha izo - wa Chigonjetso (3003 m.). Iye otsiriza lalikulu Hrs chizindikiro Anakaligawa Russia. Tsegulani yekha mu 1926 kafukufuku sv Obruchev.

Kugwa ndi otsetsereka a mtsinje

Igwani Mtsinje Indigirka (ndi zina) ndi masamu ndi mtunda pakati pa gwero ndi m'kamwa mwa posungira. Ndipotu, mawu akunena za kusiyana zizindikiro izi ziwiri. Malinga ndi ena deta boma dontho ndi 1 zikwi. Mamita. chithunzi ndi pafupifupi pakati utuluke ena Russian.

Mumbali Indigirka mtsinje kuzungulira 58 m / Km. Chiwerengerochi akamagwira ubale kwa ukulu wa kugwa kwa posungira. Mfundo chithunzi si chachikulu chotere Komabe, pali kukhala pa mtsinje, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri.