Industrial chitaganya siteji ya Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe

Mu zaka 60 zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi kutchuka kwambiri nzeru za chikhalidwe ndi nzeru za mbiri ndapeza ndi chiphunzitso mafakitale anthu. Iwo anaonekera mogwirizana ndi otchedwa machitidwe njira mbiriyakale. Gululi njira imeneyi ndi mbiri, mbiri yakale komanso cha nzeru za mavuto chiphunzitso chikhalidwe ndipo anayesa kubisa ndondomeko mbiri wonse, kumvetsa ngati ndondomeko zovuta chitukuko ndi gulu la machitidwe zovuta. Industrial anthu ndi gawo pambuyo mafakitale akhala malingaliro wotchuka kwambiri wa mtundu uwu.

Zikamera mfundo izi zinayamba ndi kuzindikira kuti si kokwanira kutsutsa chiphunzitso Marxist wa dongosolo. Ndipotu, kuwerenga maganizo anthu wakhala anafuna tanthauzo zabwino za mbiri, "loto la Zakachikwi lotsatira", angathe kuchotsa abwino Marxist.

French Katswiri Raymond Aron mu "nkhani pa anthu mafakitale" anafotokoza kusiyana maganizo pakati pa misasa zokomera ndi capitalist sizingawapindulire. Onse m'misasa anali mu maganizo ake ndi "umodzi mafakitale anthu", yekha m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mfundo imeneyi anayamba kupanga ndi Katswiri American Walt Rostow. Mu 1960 anafalitsa wake zokopa "Manifesto sanali Communist", ndizo ntchito "magawo a Growth Economic." Mu buku lino, iye akufuna kosakhala Marxism, mfundo ya gulu structural - osati pa maziko a dongosolo umoyo ndi zachuma, ndi magawo kukula zachuma. Motero, anthu mafakitale zikugwirizanira mfundo chitukuko m'mbiri yonse ya anthu.

Magawo kukula kugwirizana ndi mlingo wa chitukuko mafakitale, zipangizo zamakono, sayansi ndi kukula kwa chuma, malinga Rostow, pali asanu:

1) anthu miyambo imene ukulamulira dongosolo ulimi chuma, masanjidwe zinthu zokhudza ndi invariable ya makhalidwe;

2) Transitional anthu, limene limayamba ndi XVII- chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII, pamene anayamba ntchito paokha;

3) nthawi "kulitenga kutali", pamene mafakitale akuyamba (m'mayiko osiyanasiyana afika nthawi imeneyi, panthawi zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira cha m'ma XVIII 50-ntchentche za m'ma XX);

4) nthawi "kukhwima" kapena kukwaniritsidwa mafakitale;

5) nthawi ya mowa misa ndi moyo, amene ankaona Katswiri, anafika ku United States. Izo ziyenera kulenga anthu omwe adzakulamulira nzeru ndi makhalidwe abwino m'banja.

Rostow ankakhulupirira kuti injini ikuyendera ndi chitukuko cha sayansi, ndi kusokonezeka kwa chikhalidwe ndi Kuukira - ndi "kukula zowawa" kugwirizana ndi mlingo wochepa wa chitukuko cha anthu. Komabe, za Russia, iye analemba kuti pambuyo pa October kuukira boma dziko walowa siteji okhwima, ndipo pang'onopang'ono evolves kwa mlingo wa mafakitale capitalist anthu, chifukwa posapita nthawi dziko mafakitale kukhala chitsanzo cha chitukuko cha dziko. chakuti mfundo za mafakitale Namalenga akuwonetsa umoyo ndi chikhalidwe kuti ndi mbali zofanana.

Rostow chiphunzitso akusonyeza mbali zina za anthu mafakitale. Choyamba, ndi pamaso pa makina zikuluzikulu, zimene amasankha chitukuko cha chuma lonse. Ndiye, pali kupanga lonse la katundu ogula ma TV, magalimoto, zipangizo banja ndi zina zotero. Mbali yotsatira ndi sayansi ndi luso zisinthe, imbaenda luso yopanga ndi kasamalidwe, komanso kwa mkulu mlingo wa mizinda ndi kupezeka kwa stratum yotakata Ngopambana-Ngopambana. Zimenezi, kusintha kapangidwe ka anthu ndi anthu mafakitale yokha.

Zizindikiro za kusintha awa:

- kalasi kulimbana (imene imachitika mu chimango cha chisankho, ogwira ncthito ntchito ndi kunenerera gulu)

- zina khalidwe ndi kulankhulana chikhalidwe pakati pa anthu,

- kusalumikizana kuganiza ambiri.

anthu mafakitale mfundo zotsatira pa kuoneka mfundo zoterezi zachitukuko ngati chiphunzitso cha mgwirizano, deideologization, anthu misa ndi chikhalidwe misa.