Industrial m'mapaki - kudera kuti akomere kupanga latsopano. Pangani, ang'ono ndi utumiki

Kuti akomere kupanga latsopano gawo, yomwe ndi kupereka zofunikira ndi mphamvu, makamaka m'bungwe mafakitale m'mapaki. Maphunziro amenewa ayenera kuperekedwa ndi kofunika zinthu zonse zaboma ndi malamulo a ndondomekoyi. Iwo ukulamuliridwa ndi makampani chimodzi kapena zingapo zapadera.

kapangidwe

Industrial m'mapaki - yeniyeni mafakitale Intaneti, omwe ali malonda palokha zosiyanasiyana kapena makampani chomwecho. Area kwa malonda onse wonse chifukwa kupanga nawo zomangamanga ake, nthawi zambiri zogwirizana, kuyambira co-kulenga mtengo adawonjeza ntchito misonkhano ya kasamalidwe kampani - aumwini kapena apagulu. Akatswiri ndi m'mapaki mafakitale - otchedwa mankhwala amene makampani ndi mafakitale chifupi kulankhulana.

Pali Association of Industrial Parks, amene amapangidwa ndi lipoti limodzi, kuphatikizapo ndi mgwirizano sanali malonda. m'mapaki Industrial kapena mafakitale - nawonso kulamulidwa ndi woyendetsa umodzi wa malo apadera angapo katundu, kutanthauza woyamba wa dziko lonse, ndiye mafakitale, utsogoleri, nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi nyumba zina ndi malo. Pa gawo lonse zoyendera kwambiri ndi zomangamanga zomangamanga.

umboni

Makhalidwe zofunika mu zone izi mafakitale akhale pamwamba pa dziko lonse lapansi ndi mtundu enieni a ntchito nkosaloledwa mwachitsanzo makampani. Capital yomanga nyumba yaikulu apadera ayenera kutha. Engineering zomangamanga ayenera kupezeka. Izo ziyenera kupezeka kwa kampani kasamalidwe.

mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa zinthu malamulo. Monga tangotchulawo, ayenera mwalamulo anagwirizana pafupifupi onse zinthu za kukhalapo kwa paki mafakitale: pa gulu dziko kuona ntchito analola nyumbayo, pa kalembera wa mapangano ndi ulemu moto ndi chitetezo zachilengedwe. zofunika zonse anakhazikitsa malamulo ndi malangizo ayenera mosamalitsa Pamilunguyo, kuphatikizapo yobwereka wa malo mafakitale adzakhala aphedwe malinga ndi lamulo.

zinthu mpikisano

Pakuti bwino paki mafakitale ayenera zigawo zambiri: ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma ntchito, ndi misika mwachirengedwe pafupi, makamaka - kugula (pano kuphatikiza bwino za mitundu yonse zilipo za izo - kuchokera basi ndi sitima zoyendera mphepo ndi madzi). Engineering zomangamanga uyenera bwino anayamba, ndipo mphamvu - ngakhale kuthetsa.

zilolezo wokhala ndi ndondomeko zakayendetsedwe ka ayenera m'Chingelezi chosavuta kuti athe kulamula ndimeyi awo. Malo kwa kupanga bwino okonzeka paki mafakitale ali woyenera kwambiri ndipo modernly okonzeka. Malawi kwa antchito ndi zomangamanga chikhalidwe sangathe ili kutali. Industrial zone ambiri ali kuthekera kusiyanitsa kapena kukula. The ntchito bwino paki mafakitale zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri patsogolo njira zomangamanga.

nkhani

Cholengedwa choyamba cha paki mafakitale zinachitika mu England mu 1896. Wotchuka wa zachuma Ernest Houli anagula maekala khumi mwa nyanja Manchester Sitima Ngalande, ndipo anayamba kuganiza, momwe kutaya m'dziko lino. Iye yomanga mofulumira danga kupanga, koma - kamodzinso - osati wake. Ganizo kulenga ku malo mafakitale unakhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, mayendedwe ndi zomangamanga zomangamanga zinalengedwa.

Ndiye zachuma waganiza pangano mabizinezi mafakitale malo wake. choncho anagwidwa mpira anagubuduza, ndipo anayamba kugulitsa ziwalo za Hawley. Choncho anabadwa woyamba mu dziko mafakitale Trafford Park. Mu 1910, iwo unali kuno Genri Ford anabweretsa loto lake American - woyamba European galimoto zomera, ndi makampani oposa mazana atatu atenga chitsanzo chake ndipo anasamukira maudindo awo ndi kupanga ku America kuti Manchester zaka khumi. Choncho m'mayiko mafakitale zinasakazidwa ndi zamalonda anatengerapo mwayi anthu.

mtengo

ndi chilengedwe cha ku malo mafakitale kwa eni ake chiyani? kasamalidwe Izi malo - kasamalidwe ka zinthu mu mwapadera kupeza ntchito zina kunja, kumene makampani nawo angathe chifukwa anthu ambiri ntchito zikuluzikulu za phindu, athana mpikisano m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Apa ntchito ndi synergies ndi chuma lonse, pamene likulu-tima zomangamanga, yafupika ndalama pa ntchito zofunika, monga mabungwe ang'onoang'ono zili chogwiritsira.

Mapulogalamu kapena kasamalidwe kampani imapereka kasamalidwe malo, mwachitsanzo moto chitetezo, ngakhale mu paki mafakitale akhoza kukhala zawo. Ntchito zinthu zonse zabwino, kuphatikizapo malo, ndi malo paki mafakitale kuposa kuonjezera chikoka ake, kuchepetsa awo kupanga. Pali mwayi wochita zambiri malonda ndi kutsegula kupanga watsopano monga lendi malo mafakitale pabwalopo ali kwambiri m'munsi.

mu Russia

Kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri, mfundo paki mafakitale zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kumufotokozera. Mu Russia, anayamba kuoneka yekha mu maphokoso perestroika nthawi, amene anali kugwirizana ndi makampani magalimoto ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale mankhwala a. Nthawi zambiri lotseguka mafakitale m'mapaki makampani kumadzulo ku Russia.

Mwatsoka, m'madera zosafunika, kwenikweni kutchire, pafupifupi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito okonzeka zopangidwa malo kupanga umene kutsekedwa kwa makampani zoweta mu dziko yaikulu akonzedwa. Komanso, ndi lamulo udindo wa ku malo m'mafakitale Russia si kukondana, koma kale anakhazikitsa Association, ndi kuthana ndi mfundo wafa ankatembenukira. Chinthu chachikulu - kulumikiza ntchito zogwirizana, kusunga ukhondo ndi zachilengedwe chitetezo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu woopsawo adzakhala pansi pa ulamuliro ndi ntchito madzi adatengedwa ndi malamulo.

lachitsanzo

Mchitidwe dziko ukugawa alipo m'mapaki mafakitale pa zitsanzo zitatu.

1. paki, womwenso kasamalidwe zomangamanga kampani, kupereka mabizinesi, kuwonjezera pa malo chuma, komanso angapo ntchito ndi zomangamanga lonse. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kampani kasamalidwe ndi mwini wake wa ku malo mafakitale, koma si lamulo. ntchito zake - gawo la msika free, ngati chimango pangano sasamalira kumwa utumiki watsiku ndi kuvomerezedwa.

2. Mbali mafakitale m'mapaki, nthawi zambiri yaing'ono, kukopa makampani misonkhano kapena watikhulupilira kasamalidwe Makampani zomangamanga ndi kuika malire awo kupanga awo.

3. Industrial m'mapaki ndi nangula Investor (lalikulu me), amene amachita zonse ntchito ndi zomangamanga kasamalidwe.

Mphamvu okwanira ndi zinyalala

Mphamvu pano sikuti sankaoneka ngati magetsi komanso zipangizo zina zofunika, omwe amafalitsidwa pamodzi ngalande ndi chingwe Intaneti: mpweya (wa hydrogen, asafe, mpweya, wothinikizidwa mpweya ndi zina zotero), madzi (wapadera zinafunika zomera zina, yozizira madzi, desalted, luso, kumwa ndi zina zotero), refrigerants (amoniya, freon) ndi zina zotero. Timasindikiza nthunzi ntchito yapadera, monga m'mapaki mafakitale kupanga ake si zosowa za magetsi nthunzi, pali zambiri kupanga kuwonjezera dzuwa la opareshoni, CHP.

Zinyalala - ndi mmodzi wa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya gulu lirilonse kasamalidwe, monga ayenera oyenerera, monga paki mafakitale ndi osati mafakitale ndi zinyalala m'nyumba, koma nthawi poizoni zinyalala chifukwa nazo chimene chimafuna uvuni wapadera. Komanso muyenera zomera awo mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mafakitale.

mtundu

Akatswiri afika kugwirizana kuti kodi ntchito mpikisano wa m'mapaki mafakitale. Izi, kumene, makonzedwe a zomangamanga anaika mafakitale onse, chifukwa pamenepa ndipo zimadalira bwino ntchito imeneyi ndipo masiku onse kupanga. Ntchito yomanga malo mafakitale angapo amathandiza kusunga ndalama zomangamanga, kugwirizana ndi m'mapaki mafakitale wa mtundu uwu ndi zosavuta kwambiri kukopa ndalama.

Kutukula pafupipafupi kuderera zovuta nkhani zokhudza gulu la zomangamanga, ndipo pali nthawi yaitali yomanga ndi m'mapaki kanthu sangagwire ntchito pa dzuwa la mafakitale. Paki mafakitale akhale ndalama chikoka. Ndipo ngati likhoza kupanga zomangamanga yabwino. Ochiritsira malo mafakitale ndi kupanda zina zofunikla ndi umafuna amasiyana m'mapaki mafakitale.

kulankhulana

Industrial kampani ili paki mafakitale, palibe kuchita ngozi kapena zinyalala zawo nazo ndi mmene kukumana. Onse chisamaliro kale eni paki kapena kampani kasamalidwe. Ngakhale kuti kampani ikugwira ntchito kwa osiyana kapena ngakhale makampani chomwecho, maulalo pakati pawo zimamangidwa pa ndalama za ambiri chuma zosasintha. Mwachitsanzo, kampani amalandira zopangira ndi amapangira zinthu, zokumbira lina unyolo, ndipo umabala theka-chotsirizidwa mwa iyo, ndipo kenako yachitatu ya kampani limapanga theka-chotsirizidwa.

kayendedwe osachepera kuvumbitsira mpikisano chifukwa mtengo wokongola kwambiri. Companies m'dera lomwelo, osati kwambiri kuti ntchito pa utumiki wa zomangamanga wa paki, monga ndalama agawanika pa onse ndi kulandira zochepa kwambiri kuposa ngati wina kukonza zomangamanga yake. Mwachangu ukuwonjezeka, monga khama kwambiri za yekha kupanga. Lathu la ntchito ya m'mapaki mafakitale cilamulo, anthu ntchito utumiki apadera. Mlingo wa ntchito ku misonkhano kasamalidwe zomangamanga ndi zonse mkulu zinthu bwino kuchita malonda.

za thandizo

Panopa Russia pali pakufunika thandizo ndi chitukuko cha m'mapaki mafakitale. boma uyamba imeneyi powapatsa ang'onoang'ono ndi chiswa msonkho, zochitika zapadera ngongole. Ndithu bwinobwino ntchito m'mapaki choterechi Kaluga ( "Grabtsevo"), pomwe mbewu "Volkswagen" ili. Pali malo wamba paki - maekala oposa mazana asanu makumi atatu, ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri okha adakali ufulu.

Mukhozanso tchulani chitsanzo cha paki mafakitale "Vorsino", pamene danga kwa kupanga zomera amenewa monga Nestle, NLMK, Samsung ndi ena. Pali bwino anayamba paki mu mabacteria wapadera zachuma - ndi Baltic Industrial Park (Kaliningrad), pali posachedwapa kuyamba ntchito ngakhale mwini doko zovuta. zikayenda amenewa anafotokoza mwa akatswiri chakuti pali pali kuvomerezedwa ndi thandizo lalikulu kwambiri boma. ntchito Local anathandiza yekha pa maiko oyandikana, kukhala kutali mofulumira ndi zoterozo mwaunyinji.