"Iskander" chida dongosolo. "Iskander-M" (chida dongosolo): makhalidwe

Current zinthu geopolitical ndi chotero kuti pofuna ulamuliro ndi ulamuliro wa dziko mgwirizano wa mayiko n'kofunika ano zitsanzo za nkhondo. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka pankhani mwatsatanetsatane nyukiliya zovuta, amene ali otsiriza chitsimikizo mtendere pa dziko. Kumene, udindo waukulu mu deterring ndi mdani angathe uli mivi njira, koma ngakhale chida dongosolo "Iskander" ndiwokwanitsa kusunga zambiri zochita totupa.

chitsanzo cha manja analengedwa kuwononga zinthu munda mipherezero chozemba podziteteza magawo mdani. Izi zonse zofunika kwambiri kuti njira zamakono za nkhondo kumapereka lingaliro ndi njira kuchotsa tsoka, amene sadzalola mdani zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zake zida za nyukiliya. Komanso, popeza mukhoza m'njira yake kupondereza ake dongosolo chida chitetezo.

zikhalidwe za chilengedwe

Iwo unalengedwa akukhala Soviet Union ndi United States anasaina mgwirizano kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zida mwatsatanetsatane nyukiliya (INF). Izi zinachitika mu 1987. Pa adani chomwecho angathe anavomera pa Kupha okwana ntchito zida za nyukiliya nkhondo m'tsogolo.

Ndi chifukwa cha zovuta latsopano ndi nambala yaikulu zofunika: zinamutengera kukana kwathunthu kwa submunitions nyukiliya, kunali koyenera kupereka pafupifupi jeweler molondola, conjugate ndi kuposa china mivi maneuverability. Komanso, kuchokera akatswiri zofunika kuonetsetsa kuposa china kuchuluka kwa zochita zokha monga chida ndi Launch ake.

Mosalephera chifukwa dongosolo chida "Iskander" mu Kaliningrad wapanga pano "kuwaza" monga msilikali wa andale ndi Baltic amene ali mantha anayamba mumakamba za kuwopsyeza latsopano utapachikika ulamuliro wawo.

Ntchito ya Kanema machitidwe navigation

Lamulo lalikulu Chofanana weniweni lero, adzatha kugwiritsa ntchito deta analandira kwa Kanema pamalo machitidwe ( "Glonass», NAVSTAR). Ndi zatsopano zovuta luso chofunika kwa dzuwa mkulu ngakhale kugunda kusunthira mipherezero oti muli nazo zida, ndi zotheka mlingo wapamwamba wa moto komanso kugonjetsa kwambiri magawo chida chitetezo mdani.

zinachitikira loyamba

Wokonzeka chida zovuta "Iskander" anayamba anayesedwa 2007. Ndiye Nduna Sergei Ivanov lipoti pulezidenti kuti zopatuka chandamale si upambana mita imodzi. Izi mitengo apamwamba anali kwathunthu anatsimikizira atafufuza deta ku njira zonse loyang'anira zithunzi, amene ankagwira mlanduwo tsiku limenelo.

ulemerero izi zonse analengedwa KBM, Kolomna. amasinthira Izi kapangidwe amadziwika padziko lonse monga ali pano anayamba wake "ntchito" maofesi "Point", "Strela" ndi "mavu", komanso zitsanzo zina za zoweta SAMs a mibadwo yosiyana. zinthu zina anapangidwa CDB "Titan" (Launcher), Institute Research Central, Automatics ndi Hydraulics (dongosolo lofunika kwambiri pa basi projectile chiongoko).

Cholinga chiyani?

Monga ife tanena kale, chida zovuta "Iskander" analengedwa mwachindunji kunyanyala mwatsatanetsatane pa mipherezero zobisika kwambiri kumbuyo mizere mdani, kutetezedwa ndi kachitidwe kamakono chida chitetezo.

Zinthu zotsatirazi angathe kutumikira monga zolinga:

• Zida zankhondo ndi mivi ya mdani, woipa lalikulu galimoto oti muli nazo zida.
• Kumenyana maofesi.
• Air mayunitsi, pa nthawi ya analamula pansi.
• Onse gulu ndi coherent zovuta.
• Major zomangamanga, imfa imene momvetsa bwanji mdani wa.
• Mipherezero zina zofunika m'dziko la adani.

Popeza odana ndege chida zovuta "Iskander" ngosiyana unobtrusive ndi lalitali kwambiri liwiro kukonzekera kuti kuthamanga ndi loopsa kwambiri kwa adani onse angathe.

Ilo ndi gawo la "Iskander"?

tili ndi zotsatirazi zofunikira: kudziletsa injini wagawo kwa kukulozani rockets kwa galimoto yake zoyendera komanso pochita zipolopolo. Komanso, pali akonzedwa osiyana kukonza ndi kusamalira zipangizo zonse kuti mfundo ogwira ntchito makina wapadera kupenda zimene timaphunzira, komanso maofesi maphunziro kwa ogwira.

Makhalidwe ntchito roketi

Nkhani imene ife mwatsatanetsatane chida zovuta "Iskander" amagwiritsa olimba mafuta zida ndi sitepe imodzi, imene mutu gawo ndi sanasiyane mu ndege. Ngakhale ayendetsa wolimba ndege, pa projectile mu njira zawo akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi woyendetsa ku positi lamulo. Special maneuverability mankhwala ndi osiyana poyamba ndi kufika ku chandamale pamene chida ali pansi zimamuchulukira mu 30G. Popeza chida chitetezo dongosolo ayenera kukhala kuuluka mpaka pa mlingo kawiri monga mkulu monga pa countermeasures pano yabwino "Iskander" kulibe.

The nyumba zipolopolo yotentha ndi njira yapadera, amachepetsa aone kuti Sam mdani. Komanso, ambiri a momwe amachitira Roketi, pamene pamalo okwera 50 Km, amenenso kakhumi kumachepetsa mpata wa kudutsana ake yake. Chozemba Rada amaperekedwa ndi zokutira wapadera amene zikuchokera zimagawidwa.

"Iskander" ikufotokoza za kupambana kwa makampani zoweta monga lalandiridwa. Dongosolo chida (Kaliningrad ndi lonse Western asilikali chigawo iwo kale zida ndi) mtundu posachedwapa analandira mwa mayunitsi onse ankhondo mu dziko.

mfundo malangizo pa chandamale

mivi mapeto kulasa akutsatiridwa ndi ntchito ya zovuta, pambuyo umene umabwera mu dongosolo kuipidwa wa homing. Zipangizo mapanga sikani ndi mtunda mu ndege, kupanga chitsanzo ake yadigito. Iye ali pa bolodi kompyuta ndi mosalekeza poyerekeza ndi chithunzi kutchulidwa kuti wakhala yodzaza m'mutu pamaso pa chombo ndege.

Kuwala thandizo ali kwambiri odana jamming kachitidwe, komanso mphamvu kwambiri zolinga kuzindikira chilengedwe chilichonse. Zimenezi zimathandiza kugunda yogwedeza chandamale (ndi zolakwa za zosaposa angapo mamita) mu usiku wopanda mwezi kwathunthu. Amenewa mwatsatanetsatane wotere sangathe akuyendera aliyense wa machitidwe a moto roketi, ataima pa mikono ya NATO.

Kuseri kwa icho apo ndi sindimakonda "Iskander". Chida dongosolo mu Syria, kuika kumbuyo mu December chaka chatha, nthawi yomweyo analola kuchepetsa mphamvu ya maganizo ndi kuthandiza boma lovomerezeka ndi kusamutsidwa a magulu odana ndi otchuka kwa dziko. Komanso, mbali Russian walandira uthenga wofunika kwambiri za ntchito nkhondowo nkhondo patsogolo.

"Independent" roketi

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zachilendo chida zovuta "Iskander" akhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi chizindikiro kuchokera padziko lonse pamalo dongosolo makina, m'mikhalidwe yoyenera, ntchito zake adzachita bwino popanda izo. The zamagetsi-kuwala malangizo machitidwe ali achindunji kulola kuonetsetsa anagonjetsera zolinga zafotokozeredwa chilengedwe chilichonse.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi homing dongosolo "Iskander" ngati n'koyenera, zikhoza kuikidwa ngakhale pa mivi ballistic nyukiliya kupanga chiyembekezo cha mdani angathe kwenikweni ndithu zakuda. Chifukwa cha ichi Russian chida zovuta "Iskander" mu West ali ndi mbiri yolakwika kwambiri ngakhale ntchito yake ndi bwino osati anthu intercontinental zipolopolo nyukiliya.

makhalidwe Warhead

Constructors anayala luso logwiritsa ntchito khumi monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipolopolo. Zikuphatikizapo mabomba limodzi ndi mfundo za contactless kabotolo zinthu anamenyana ndi zotsatira chokhala, limodzi zipolopolo kudziletsa zinthu, komanso yosavuta mkulu-kuphulika, kugawikana ndi mitundu incendiary. Ngati inu ntchito ndi kudzikonda motsogozedwa zida ndi zinthu, iwo adzakhala kugunda mipherezero angapo, pom'ng'amba pa msinkhu wa mamita asanu ndi khumi pamwamba pawo.

Self projectile mu malo yowotcha pafupifupi zimalemera matani anayi, ndi kulemera mwachindunji warhead ndi 480 makilogalamu. Choncho, chida zovuta "Iskander-K" ali mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri deterrence sanali nyukiliya, amene ali mu utumiki wa asilikali athu.

Zochita za zinthu zina

Self-injini makina kukhazikitsa ndi amalola kuthamanga imodzi kunyamula mabomba awiri, kuzipatsa kuthamanga pa cham'mbali kuti madigiri 90 ndi kulemekeza alili. Malowa ali pamtunda pa galimotoyo matayala ndi 8x8, chimene chikhoza kudutsa ngakhale malo misewu ndi kwina kwathunthu (MAZ-79306 "nyenyezi"). Mwa zina, lili yabwino kuyenda pa zovuta, ngakhale nkhondo.

Makhalidwe ena a zipangizo kasamalidwe ndi chitsogozo

Unsembe akhoza mosadalira kudziwa ndondomeko ya malo ake, akucheza ndi mbali zonse za "Iskander", umaonetsera umodzi ndi salvo mivi Launch. Nthawi kuchokera kufika kwa ananyoza si mphindi 20 mu mawerengedwe chikhalidwe anakonza ndipo amawachitira zosaposa chimodzi miniti pakati imalankhula projectiles. Izi zimapangitsa chida zovuta "Iskander", makhalidwe amene ali kale chidwi, njira yoopsa kwambiri kuukira.

Kuyambira malo sayenera kukonzekera. Komanso, mawerengedwe ndi sipafunika kutuluka zashuga: kulandira malangizo, akatswiri asiye "Iskander" pabwalopo anapatsidwa, kukonzekera machitidwe onse ndi kupanga ananyoza. Yekha ndi marshland, kumene zofunika kukonzeketsera kwambiri kapena zochepa khola Launch PAD. Pambuyo ntchito makina, athamangadi chimafikira kwa chisanadze anasankha udindo kutsegulaso.

Choncho, "Iskander-M" - chida dongosolo mbadwo watsopano, amene amaonetsetsa chitetezo chodalirika ulamuliro wa boma.

Kuti mudziwe za galimotoyo ndi makina ena

galimotoyo zimalemera matani 42, kulemera kwa payload kunyamulidwa ndi osachepera 19 m, msewu ndi dziko msewu wopalidwa liwiro ndi 70 (40) km / h. chimodzi chokha mafuta, "Iskander" amatha kuyenda osachepera 1,000 Km. Nambala mwachizolowezi ndi atatu mawerengedwe anthu, koma mu nkhondo chiwerengero chawo akhoza ziwonjezeke.

Machine kuti potsegula ndi kunyamula komanso anasonkhana pa MAZ-79306 ( «Computer"). Iwo yatenganso ndi Crane ndi hydro-makina potsegula limagwirira. Iwo akulemera tonnes ndendende 40, chifukwa tikukonza ogwira kuti chiwerengero cha anthu awiri.

likulu zovuta

Mtima wa zovuta lonse ndi lamulo ndi ndodo magalimoto. Linapangidwa pamaziko a magalimoto KAMAZ. Kusinthana kwa mudziwe pakati pa "Iskander" zinthu zonse angathe kuchitidwa onse mode wamba kwambiri encrypted. liwiro kuwombola mudziwe sajomba ku Zikatero.

Ndodo zovuta ali malo anayi ntchito makina kwathunthu, pazipita kufala mtunda pakati pa magalimoto a makilomita 350 magalimoto anaimitsa galimoto ndi makilomita 50 pa nkhondowo ulendo. Wopitiriza ntchito nthawi zinthu zonse chitsogozo ndi ulamuliro dongosolo la dongosolo la masiku awiri.

Machine mawotchi kukonza

Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, zochokera "KAMAZ" magalimoto galimotoyo. Zokha kuyesa udindo chida onse Launcher ndi makontena kutumiza timatha inu kufufuza ndi kukonza mayunitsi onse ndi njira ya zovuta, popanda kufunika kwa alichotse kumalo analamula mpaka kalekale. makina akulemera 13.5 T, kufalitsidwa mu mphindi zosakwana 20, pamene afufuze machitidwe onse ndi kuti makinawa musalumphe mphindi 18. Service zovuta anthu awiri.

Ambiri, chida zovuta "Iskander", ntchito makhalidwe amene tazindikira, ndi maintainability chidwi ngakhale mu zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri.

Katunduyo deta, kusanthula ndi yokonza mfundo

makina ntchito kusonkhanitsa ndi kutanthauzira zomwe cholinga cha utsogoleli kwa adakwera mivi kompyuta. Mu dongosolo pali awiri workstations kwa ntchito kuti angazindikire ndi kupereka ndondomeko anaukira mipherezero kwa mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri. Iwo akhoza kunyamula mosalekeza ntchito nkhondowo kwa maola 16.

Pomaliza, thandizo galimoto moyo. Iwo angathe kuchitidwa pa malonda zilipo galimotoyo galimoto iliyonse, ntchito zina ndi chakudya kwa anthu asanu ndi atatu panthawi.

mbali chifungulo cha dongosolo

ntchito yake yaikulu ili kuti, ngati wina "Iskander-M" analengedwa. dongosolo chida zinalengedwa ndi okonza kwambiri pa maziko a deta anasonkhanitsa Soviet ndi asilikali Russian. Pa nthawi, izo kwambiri kuposa osati onse chitukuko yapita zoweta, komanso kupikisana zitsanzo onse achilendo.

Nthawi zambiri, odana ndi ndege chida zovuta "Iskander" ali zingapo zochititsa izi:

• Amazipanga zolondola kugonjetsedwa ngakhale yaing'ono komanso kutetezedwa zolinga mpweya.
• Chozemba ndipo analamula mofulumira kupanga izo woopsa kwambiri mdani.
• Nkhondowo ntchito angathe kuchitidwa bwino ngakhale counteraction yogwira mdani.
• Kwambiri maneuverability ndi mwatsatanetsatane patency operekedwa ndi magalimoto apamwamba ntchito galimotoyo.
• Mlingo wapamwamba wa zokha njira zonse za nkhondo.
• Kwake ndi chomasuka kukonza, ngakhale kumunda.

Komanso, ntchito-mwatsatanetsatane chida zovuta "Iskander" akukumana zofunika zonse zoyikidwa ndi mapangano mayiko pa sanali kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya zida. Mikangano m'dera Tingaone monga zida deterrence, ndi mayiko ndi gawo laling'ono ndipo amachita kukhala mtundu waukulu wa chida. akuphatikizapo zikusonyeza kuthekera kusinthidwa zina, limene linapatsa "Iskander" utumiki yaitali kutchinga chidwi anthu.

zinthu zina zabwino

lamulo ndi dongosolo kulamulira kwambiri Integrated ndi zipangizo zofanana maofesi onse ofanana, amene ali pa boma armament. Angathe kupezako chidziwitso osati kuchokera deta machine processing, komanso reconnaissance ndege, UAV kapena zipangizo zina. Flight ntchito ndi kuchita masamu nthawi yomweyo. Gulu kumayambiriro a nkhondowo angaperekedwe osati kwa mtsogoleri wa zovuta, komanso ndi wapamwamba asilikali lamulo malo chatsekedwa.

Chifukwa munthu "Iskander" ziri pa bolodi maroketi awiri, ndi pakati volleys awo musatenge kuposa mphindi ziwiri, mphamvu ya mokwanira ndithu magawano maofesi awa ndi yofanana ndi ya dziko yaing'ono. Mfundo kusankha olondola a zipolopolo, ndi chitsanzo manja kwathunthu lofanana ndi zida za nyukiliya lalifupi osiyanasiyana.