"Ivanhoe": chiwonetsero cha msilikali m'nthaŵi ya nthawi

"Ivanhoe" ndizolembedwa zapadziko lapansi. Dzina la nkhono lolimba mtima likuoneka kuti lamveka kapena kudziwika ndi aliyense, ngakhale iwo omwe sanawerenge ntchito za wojambula wotchuka. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti ndi zoyenera kuthetsa ntchito yotchuka ya V. Scott. Izi zidzalongosola kupambana kwa bukuli, komanso kuthandizira kumvetsa chifukwa chake kutchuka kwake masiku ano.

Kufufuza mwachidule ntchito ya wolemba

Nkhani zosangalatsa za mbiri yakale zimakhala malo otchuka m'Chingelezi. Ntchito yotchuka, yolembedwa ndi Walter Scott, ndi Ivanhoe. Zizindikiro za Ivanhoe ndizo zomwe zafotokozedwa. Mlembi wa ku Scotland anadziwika kuti ndi amene anayambitsa mabuku osiyanasiyana omwe amaperekedwa ku mbiri yakale ya England ndi Scotland.

Ntchito yake yolenga inayamba ndi kupanga nyimbo zomveka bwino komanso zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi nyimbo zamakono ndi zolemba za Scottish. Wandakatulo wachinyamatayo anali atakopeka ndi nthano zakale, nkhani, nyimbo zakale zomwe kwa zaka zingapo iye ankachita nawo kusonkhanitsa kwawo ndi kujambula. Zotsatira zake zinali zooneka ngati ndakatulo zochititsa chidwi monga "Nyimbo ya Mtolo Wamphongo Wotsiriza" (1805), "Namwali wa Nyanja" (1810), "Rockby" (1813).

Zomwe zimadziwika ndi msilikali

Posakhalitsa, Scott adatembenukira ku prose yaikulu. Atatulutsidwa ntchito yake yatsopano (Waverley, kapena Sixty Years Ago, 1814), wolembayo adalemba mabuku ake otchuka - Ivanhoe (1819). Pano wolemba adapita kudutsa nkhani zokha za ku Scottish, akukamba za zochitika kuchokera ku mbiri yakale ya Chingerezi. Izi zimachitika m'zaka za zana la 12, panthawi ya ulamuliro wa King John the Landless.

Ivanhoe, yemwe khalidwe lake ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale, sangathe kulingalira mosiyana ndi nthaka yake. Msilikali ameneyu ndi woyimira gulu lodziwika bwino la ku England. Iye ndi mwana wa mutu wa banja lakale yemwe adakondwera ndi bambo ake, amene adamuthamangitsa kunja. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mnyamatayu anakakamizidwa kufunafuna chimwemwe kokha ndi lupanga lake ndi kulimba mtima. Iye amapita ulendo, ndipo pano ndi iye, molingana ndi kanema wa mtundu, pali zambiri zosangalatsa adventures.

Kuyerekeza kwa mphiri ndi zilembo za bukuli

Kufotokoza kwa chithunzi cha munthu wamkulu (yemwe, ndithudi, wokongola, wolimba mtima, wolemekezeka ndi wolemekezeka) akusonyeza kukamba nkhani ya ubale wake ndi anthu oyandikana nawo makamaka atate wa Cedric Sachs, King Richard the Lionheart, Lady Rowena, Rebekah ndipo potsiriza Brian de Boisguilbert . Ndi Ambuye Cedric Sachs, mnyamatayu analibe chibwenzi. Kukondana ndi mwana wake Rowena, Ivanhoe ankatsutsa ndondomeko ya banja la Cedric kukonzekera ukwati wake ndi mwana wa banja lachifumu, zomwe zinayambitsa kutsutsana komanso kuthamangitsidwa pambuyo pake. Komabe, mnyamatayo amalemekeza bambo ake. Ivanhoe, yemwe tili ndi makhalidwe ake, sali okongola komanso amalemekeza kholo.

Scott akuwonetsa ziweto zake ngati zowona popanda mantha ndi chitonzo. Iye ali wokhulupirika kwa mfumu ndipo ali wokonzeka kumenyera nkhondo yake mpaka womaliza. Kudzipereka kwa Richard ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu muchithunzi chake. Aivengo, yemwe khalidwe lake limaphatikizapo choyamba kunena za chikondi cha mnyamata ndi dona wa Roven, ndimasangalatsa kwambiri muwiri ndi mkwatibwi, chifukwa iye ndiye bwenzi lake lapamtima. Msungwanayo amakhulupirira mopanda chikhalidwe cha wosankhidwa wake, ngakhale kunyoza kwa ena, zambiri zambiri ndi miseche. Achinyamata ndi mizimu yovomerezeka: iwo onse ali odekha, okhutira motsimikiza za ufulu wawo, ndi ulemu akuvutika ndi mayesero omwe agwera ku gawo lawo.

Roven yoletsedwa imasiyanitsidwa mu bukhu lokhala ndi chithunzi cha Myuda wamkazi Rebekah. Iye ndi wopepuka komanso wotseguka: maganizo ake amakhudza nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Mwinamwake izi ndi zomwe zinayambitsa chifundo cha protagonist.

Zizindikiro za Ivanhoe ndi Briand mwina ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri pofotokozera anthu. Akatswiri amtunduwu amasonkhana pampando womaliza chifukwa cha ulemu wa Rebekah, ndipo mwayiwu sunali wogwirizana ndi protagonist, yemwe sanalandirepo chilonda chokwanira kale. Komabe, mphamvu ya khalidwe la mnyamatayo ndi kuzindikira kwake kolungama kunali kwakukulu kotero kuti mdani sakanakhoza kuima mochuluka mwakuthupi ndi mwamakhalidwe.

Chithunzichi kumbuyo kwa nthawi

Ivanhoe, yemwe khalidwe lake lalembedwa mu mbiri yakale ya ntchitoyi, ndilolondola. Scott anali wokhudzidwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa zenizeni za zaka zapakati pa 1200. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiwerengero cha protagonist ndi chithunzi cha mphunzitsi wa nthawi imeneyo, ngakhale kuti ndi chonchi. Ngakhale zili choncho, zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zikudziwikiratu mokwanira ngakhale kwa munthu wamba.

Anthu otchedwa "olemekezeka a lupanga" adamenyana ndi asilikali achifumu, komwe adalandira malipiro awo. Komabe, kawirikawiri nthumwi za gulu lolemekezeka sizinapeze malo awo okha ndipo zinayamba kutsogolera moyo. Osauka kwambiri adabwereranso m'magulu a "chiyanjano cha nkhalango" - achifwamba omasuka. Ndi chigonjetso chathu, mwatsoka, palibe chomwe chinachitika, koma kuyambira pachiyambi cha bukuli zinali zoonekeratu kuti alibe nyumba yosatha. Zinali mu malo awa kuti panali mbali yaikulu ya mphamvu ya nthawi imeneyo, ndipo sikuti aliyense anali ndi mwayi wokwatira mkazi wolemera ndi wolemekezeka, monga zinachitika ndi msilikali wa bukuli.

Kupambana kwa ntchito mu luso

Zizindikiro za Ivanhoe, zomwe zafotokozedwa mwachidule mu ndemangayi, ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa polemba malo a mtundu wa V. Scott m'nthano. Ili ndilo ntchito yolemekezeka kwambiri ya wolemba mpaka pano, yomwe inkayang'aniratu zonse zakunja ndi zakutchire. Chinsinsi cha kutchuka chimatanthauzidwa ndi chiwembu chodziwika bwino, zolemba zovuta, mtundu wokongola wa nthawiyo. Mosakayika, bukuli liyenera kuonedwa kuti ndilo lolemba bwino kwambiri.