Kodi ma carols ndi chiyani? Miyambo yamakhalidwe

Zosangalatsa zokonda-ndizo, zochita zaulere, nyimbo, masewera ndi mpikisano ... Iyi ndi nyimbo za mwambo-carols: mavesi owerengeka omwe amaimbidwa madzulo a zikondwerero zazikulu.

Padziko lonse lapansi alemekeze Kolyada

Carols amafalitsidwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku Belarus ndi a ku Ukraine. Ku Russia, miyambo ya Khirisimasi imakhala yosazolowereka, ndipo ngati ilipo, ndiye - "mphesa". Izi ndi nyimbo zazikuru, zomwe zimakhala ndi makola amtundu "mphesa, zofiira zanga."
Nyimbo zachikhalidwe zimakakamizika kuchoka ku chikhalidwe cha Chirasha ndi mphamvu ya mpingo. Komabe, kummawa kwa Ulaya, miyambo imeneyi imapezeka ku Romania, ku Czech Republic, ndi ku Serbia, ngakhale ku Albania. Choncho, n'zosatheka kunena kuti mwambo uli ndi mizu ya Slavic.

Masiku ano, anthu amitundu ina amanena kuti nyimbo za miyambo ya zikondwerero zimabwerera ku miyambo ya mpingo wa Agiriki ndi Aroma. Kumeneko, tchuthi la Chaka Chatsopano limatchedwa Calende. Ili ndilo liwu lofunidwa, lomwe linafalikira ku Ulaya konse.
Ku Romania - colinda, Czech Republic ndi Slovakia - koleda, ku Slovenia - kolednica, ku Serbia - kolenda, ndi ku Albania - kolande. Ku France, matchulidwe osiyanasiyana a mawu: palinso tsalenda, mapulaneti, malasha, mu Provence, kalendala amatchulidwa. Anthu a ku Ukraine, a Russia ndi a Belarus amachititsa kuti holideyi ikhale yofanana - "kolyada."

Miyambo ya kupota

Kuphatikiza pa dzina, zovuta zokhudzana ndi zochitikazo zikufanana ndi miyambo yawo. Folklorists aululira mu carols osati kokha kachipembedzo cha Khristu, koma komanso zinthu zachikunja zomwe zimachokera ku matsenga. Choncho, ngakhale kuti Kolyada imakondwerera tsiku la Kubadwa kwa Khristu, poyamba limatanthauza tanthauzo lina. Ili ndilo tsiku la kutembenuka kwa dzuŵa kuyambira nyengo yachisanu mpaka chilimwe. Usiku uliwonse udzakhala wamfupi, ndipo tsikulo lidzakhala lalitali.

Komabe, kwa mbiri yakale yotere ya kukhalapo kwawo, ma carlaso a Slavonic ndi maholide a miyambo ina adasandulika kukhala osakanizikana. Zili zovuta kale kusiyanitsa chipembedzo ndi zikhulupiliro zambiri.

Magetsi, mwachitsanzo, amayimba satiety, zipatso, kubala. Izi zimaphatikizaponso kupembedza kwa banja losangalala ndi chuma cha banja. Miyala ya anthu a ku Russia inali yotere mpaka tchalitchi chinayamba kulepheretsa makhalidwe amenewa. Chifukwa cha ichi, njira yoletsera ndi mpikisano mwa maphwando awo ndi miyambo yatsopano idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kotero, tchalitchi chinayamba kutanthauzira mwambowu m'njira yatsopano ndi kufotokozera mwanjira ina zomwe carols ali.

Mpingo umagunda m'malo mwa agrarian

Poyamba, Kolyada ndi holide ya tsiku limodzi ndi usiku umodzi. Ndi mpingo umene umapanga chisankho chowonjezera kalendala ya miyambo kuyambira pa December 25 mpaka pa 6 January. Zinachitika m'zaka za m'ma 600 AD. Izi zinayambitsa kuyambitsa mipingo yatsopano ndi miyambo yatsopano, potero kuchotsa malire pakati pa chikhalidwe chachikunja ndi chikhulupiriro chatsopano.

Zikondwerero za Chaka chatsopano, nyimbo ndi mabala-mavesi omwe amatsogoleredwa pokolola zokolola, anayamba kuchitika nthawi zambiri pa maholide a Khirisimasi komanso usiku wa Epiphany. Nthawi yonse kuyambira Khrisimasi mpaka kubatizidwa ndi chikondwerero cha mwambo, malire osokonezeka pakati pa mipingo yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhani imeneyi, Chiyukireniya "shedrivki" ndi ma Khirisimasi amasiyanitsa ntchito yomanga.

Mavesi awiri a mizere isanu anagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Kolyada, ndi ma quatrains awiri a Ubatizo. Izi zikutsatira kuti ndi tchalitchi chomwe chinakhudza chikhalidwe cha mayiko osiyanasiyana, chitatha. Kuwonjezera pa mutu umodzi wa Khirisimasi, nyimbo zoyambirira za nyimbo zapakhomo, poteshki ndi pempho la Chaka Chatsopano. Koma tchalitchichi chinkafuna kusintha malemba onsewa ndi masalimo a mpingo. Anapambana mu mayiko angapo, kumene iwo sadziwa bwino zomwe carols ali ndi momwe amasiyana ndi nyimbo za Khirisimasi.

Gurba

Ana ndi ana aang'ono amapita kukayenda. Monga chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti gulu lonse lokhulupilika linadzitengera yokongola. Kawirikawiri chinali chizindikiro pamapeto pake komwe nyenyezi ya Betelehemu inawala . Zinanenedwa kuti Kolyada anabwera kuchokera ku nyenyezi mpaka kumadzi. Kotero, gulu la anthu, kolyadovschiki anabwera ku khoti ndipo anagogoda, kotero kuti mwiniwakeyo akanawapatsa iwo maswiti kapena ndalama.

Anthu amakhulupirira kuti chaka chotsatira chidzadalira m'mene amachitira dzuwa. Kotero, masiku ano aliyense amayesa kuyenda ndi kusangalala, akukhumba mtima ndi chimwemwe. Mavesi a Khirisimasi anali okonzeka kwambiri. Iwo, monga lamulo, anasiya mokondwa ndi mwachidule.

Masiku ano njira yonse ya moyo yatha. Moyo unali kukhala masewero, ndipo zinthu zambiri zamakono zinayambika mmenemo. Anthu ankavala masks, kuvala zovala za nyama, kutsekedwa mkati ndi zovala komanso kukongoletsa malo okhala ndi udzu.
Maziko ambiri anakanidwa, malingaliro a malo abwino "ndi" oipa ".
Ponseponse maphwando anali otentha, maphwando oledzera ndi osangalatsa, apa ndi apo mankhwalawa anagawidwa. Ansembe adaletsedwa kupita ku zochitika zoterozo, chifukwa anali kuyesa kuponyera kuphompho kwa moyo wawo ndikunyalanyaza dongosolo lawo.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamagalimoto

Mavesi a Chilavuniki anaphunzira ndi AA Potebnya ndi AN Veselovsky. Iwo apeza kugwirizana pakati pa nyimbo za Balkan ndi Ukrainian carols.

Kuwonjezera pa nkhani za Khirisimasi, zomwe zidadyetsedwa ndi zolembedwa za tchalitchi, mavesi ambiri amayamikira mwiniwake wa banja, kukweza nyumba yake, mamembala ake. Monga mu zikondwerero za Shrovetide, zithunzizo zinapangidwira kuti shchedrivka, zomwe zikutanthauza chuma, zinyalala ndi ulemelero m'banja.

Mawu ndi ndakatulo ali ndi tanthauzo la zamatsenga apa, monga mu miyambo ina yofanana, monga malingaliro ndi matsenga. Kufunika kwakukulu kunaperekedwa kwa chisamaliro cha anthu osauka, ntchito zapakhomo ndi chikhalidwe cha mudziwu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, moyo weniweni nthawi zambiri unali wokonzeka, wodzaza ndi chuma chokhumba ndi matsenga:

"Mwini wathu ndi wolemera
Amakoka ndalama ndi fosholo. "

Kotero, mu njira ya moyo wa amphawi, njira yapamwamba ya chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa anthu: anyamata, amalonda ndi akalonga anali atawoneka osagwirizana. Zithunzizo zinakhudzanso moyo wa muzhik ndi zochitika zina. Mwachitsanzo, ukwati wachikunja unabweretsa miyambo yambiri ya amphwando, ndipo inalinso mawu a ukwati wa carols.

Amphawi a carols amasonyezanso gulu la asilikali, lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi magulu achifumu ndi omenyana. Ndizosatheka kumvetsa zomwe carols ali, popanda kudziwa za nthano ndi epic ya anthu.

Magic Words

Nthano za mtundu wa nyimbo zokhala ndi chidziwitso, zomwe zinatsutsana ndi nkhani zosawerengeka za moyo wa Khristu - ichi ndi chakudya chomwe chinadyetsa mavesi a mwambo. Nthano za m'Baibulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala moyo wathanzi. Kotero, St. Peter amagwira ntchito yolima, ndipo Ambuye amatsogolera ng'ombe. Monga magalasi, ziwembu zinalengedwa, kumene milungu ndi oyera mtima zimagwirizana, kulimbitsa chikhalidwe cha matsenga.

"Tipatseni inu, Ambuye,
Pamunda wa chilengedwe,
Pabwalo lopunthira lili pansi. "

Kolyada ali pafupi

Mu nyimbo zina zoyera oyera amabwera kunyumba ya mbuye wake, ndipo izi zimabweretsa chisangalalo kunyumba. Tanthawuzo lomwelo mu nyimbo zina limapereka zithunzi zachilengedwe za mwezi, dzuwa, mvula kapena utawaleza, kusonyeza zotsatira zosiyana.

Kotero, mwachitsanzo, Dzuwa lingathe kukangana ndi Mvula. Ngati alimi akusowa zokolola, ndiye kuti chigonjetso chinakhalabe kwa iye. Mu nthawi ina, dzuwa lidzasonyeza chisangalalo kwa mbuye ndipo kenako lidzakwera pamwamba pa zonse, kuunikira zochitika za mpingo.

Mweziwu ukuyimira kufotokoza kwa mkhalidwe, kubweretsa chidziwitso. Pamene idzatuluka mumdima wandiweyani, dziko lonse lidzatsegula.

"Ndidzasewera mdima m'malo amdima," ndikuyimba mwezi womveka.

Mitundu ya zolemba za Khirisimasi

Muwonekedwe, nyimbo za mwambo zingakhale epic, epic, ndi nthano, ndi mavesi auzimu, ndi ziwembu, ndi nyimbo, ndi ukwati, ndi nyimbo za mwambo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zojambula kapena zoopseza mu mawonekedwe azithunzithunzi:

"Musati mupereke chitumbuwa -
Timadya ng'ombe.
Musapereke matumbo -
Ndife nkhumba ku kachisi.
Musati mupatse khungu -
Ife ndife mtsogoleri wa kukankha. "

Kalendala ndi miyambo yamakhalidwe

Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, adatentha thupi ndi moyo wa Maslenitsa. Carols amafalikira ku kalendala yonse ya agrarian. Ino ndi nthawi imene anthu anasonkhana pamodzi kuti apumule ku chimphepo ndi kuzizira, kuti amadzutse kusintha kwa kasupe.

Maslenitsa ndi holide yachikunja yakale, yomwe, monga mizu, imakhudza mbiri yonse ya Asilavo. Anaphatikizapo kubwezeretsedwa kwa moyo, ndipo panthawi yam'mbuyomu ya phwando phwandolo lidakondweredwa pa tsiku la equinox.

Mpingo unapangitsa tchuthi kukhala yoyenerera, ndipo sichikhoza kuthetsa icho, koma chinasokoneza tanthauzo lake.

Mu kalendala ya Orthodox panali "Mitu ya Zakudya", maudindo a masiku makumi anayi ndi Lamlungu Lokhululuka. Amonke aamuna okha ankasala kudya poyamba, asanadye chakudya chamlungu wonse. Kusala kudya kunali chiyeso cha njala kwa masiku makumi anayi, ndipo asanayambe, atumiki onse a tchalitchi anasonkhana ndikukhululukirana.

Pakati pa Shrovetide mu njira yakulima, inali yachizoloŵezi kugwira ntchito zaukwati ndi woo. Kawirikawiri ankachezera, kukonzekera anthu kuti awone ndi kudziwonetsera okha.
Masiku atatu oyambirira amatchedwa Shrove Carnival, wachinayi akuyamba Shirokaya.
Kuyambira lero, zikondwerero za anthu zimayambira, zonse zachuma zimatha.

Anthu amawunikira mafilimu ndi kuvina. Tsiku limeneli amatchedwanso Razgulay. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri mphepo yotentha inayaka, ndipo iyi inali mapeto a Shrovetide. Shrovetide inamveka Avdotyushka, Isotyevna, Akulina Savvishna. Ananyozedwa ndi kunyozedwa m'njira iliyonse. Sabata lonse adasankhidwa kukwera phiri pamsasa.

Kodi ndi zotani, zimakhala zomveka komanso kuchokera ku kalendala-miyambo ya Utatu. Mwachitsanzo, Lel kuchokera pa masewero a A. N. Ostrovsky akuimba Utatu wa Mtatu "Mtambo unakonza ndi bingu".

Mitengo yam'madzi yotchedwa carols - vesnyanki - imachokera kumapiri ndi madenga. Kotero anthu analekana ndi nyengo yozizira ndipo amatcha chilimwe. Pa ntchito ya Korney Chukovsky, mizere yonena za Mukha-tsokotuhu ndi ofanana.

Dashes, dummies,
Bweretsani pa burashi!
Ndiye abakha,
Kulowetsa mu mapaipi,
Nkhuku -
M'makoma!

Carols amagwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka chirengedwe, ulimi wotsatira. Nyimbo za anthu ndizofotokozera milungu. Anthu anapempha mphamvu ya amayi a dziko lapansi, mphamvu ya dzuwa, madzi, mvula.

Amphawi ankafuna ana a ziweto, moyo wabwino, zokolola. Kusanyalanyaza miyambo yotanthauza mkwiyo. Phokoso losangalala ndi malamulo onse linakhala loyenera.

Mwiniwake wamatabwa a Khirisimasi

Zikondwererozi zinalowa mu kulima koyamba, pakukolola, kukolola mitolo ya udzu.
Chaka ndi chaka, malinga ndi kalendala ya ntchito yabwino, alimi amachita miyambo imeneyi. Choncho, onsewo ndi osavuta kuphedwa, osavuta kukumbukira chifukwa cha ndakatulo yawo.

Kolyada mwa iwo - khalidwe loyendayenda pabwalo ndikuyang'ana mbuye wake. Aliyense amene amalamulira ku Kolyada, adzakhala ndi zinthu zabwino komanso zabwino kuchokera kwa iye. Zolengedwa za Khirisimasi ndi zolengedwa zomwe ziyenera kuyimbidwa ndi nyimbo, funsani thandizo, kapena kuitanitsa kuzinyoza.