"Iye anafa ndakatulo ..." Vesi Lermontov ndi "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi". Ndani zoyenera Lermontov "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi"?

Pushkin ndi Lermontov - mayina awiri amene ali woyenera kukhala mozungulira pa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, iwo ndi ofanana m'dera la zojambulajambula. Ndiponso, mbiri yokha analamula kuti imfa ya munthu anakhala ankamasulira ena kutchuka m'dzikolo.

awiri a Genius

Pamene 1837, kuphunzira za duel oopsa, n'kufa, kenako imfa ya Pushkin, Lermontov analemba kubuma "anapha ndakatulo ...", iye anali wotchuka kwambiri mu mabwalo zolembalemba. Creative yonena Mikhail Yurevich akuyamba oyambirira, ndakatulo zake zachikondi unayamba zaka 1828-1829. Iwo ikukula mofulumira lyricist Iyeyu wopanduka, momvetsa chisoni, Byronic nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Ochititsa chidwi ndi ndakatulo chikondi chake - "Nyakusowa", "Kodi mapazi anu ..." ndi ena ambiri, awulule kwa wowerenga sewero kwambiri zinakuchitikirani Lermontov a. Ndipo boma, chosintha mapiko, ndakatulo ndi woyeneradi kwambiri chidwi. Ndi nthawi maphunziro yochepa Mikhail Yurevich. olemba otchuka kulankhula za iye ndi ulemu ndi kulosera tsogolo kwambiri. Ndipo fano lake, mphunzitsi wa zauzimu ndi Mlangizi wa Pushkin, Lermontov anati. Chifukwa ndi ululu monga kuyiwala yekha, akuti: "Iye anafa ndakatulo ..."

Nthano ndi mphekesera

iwo kunalibe bwino - sikunali kotheka. Ngakhale olemba mbiri ndi biographers, pang'ono pang'ono kusonkhanitsa zambiri pa anthu aakulu, chachikulu Zatsala osadziwika. Palembali - amene amadziwa - mwina kutsegula nthawi poyamba mfundo osadziwika, ndipo likukhalira kuti ndakatulo anafa, ie, Pushkin, komabe kamodzi asanayambe chanza ndi Lermontov kapena litulukira naye mawu wochezeka ... Pa wamng'ono kwambiri abwenzi, mwagwirizana iwo nazo zochuluka. Gogol ndi banja Karamzin, Zhukovsky ndi Smirnova-Rosset, Odoyevski. Ngakhale mng'ono wa Alexander, ndi indefatigable Playboy Lovushka, anagwada ndi Lermontov mu Pyatigorsk ndi Michel umboni kukangana ndi "Monkey" - ndi analumbira "bwenzi" ndi tsogolo la anamuphawo Martynov omwe. Pali mphekesera mosadziwika kuti namatetule panobe - yaing'ono chipani yolembedwa Vsevolozhsk. Komabe, kufikako fano lake Mikhail sanayese n'komwe, inavutika mumtima, ndi onse Pushkin nthawi wina amatengeka ... Kotero anafa ndakatulo, osalankhula ndi m'malo mwake tsogolo la yaikulu, kuti anali tanthauzo la moyo kwa onse: za zilandiridwenso. Koma amadziwika kuti Pushkin mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza mphamvu ndi kuzama, zizindikiro wanzeru wa mkulu talente Lermontov.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Choncho, kuyambira mu February 1837 anadabwa Petersburg, Moscow, ndiyeno lonse la Russia zochitika awiri, mwina ofanana kufunika. The choyamba - kuti "dzuwa la Russian ndakatulo likamalowa" kuti Pushkin anafa. Ndipo lachiwiri - wamba a m'mabuku ndi kuloweza, leafless mphezi likulu kumpoto, tinachita "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi." Vesi Lermontov anakhala otsimikiza yakale populace ndi kulengeza mu mpando wachifumu ndakatulo anakwera watsopano, mfumu uncrowned. Kuti ntchito mankhwala, zikuoneka, Lermontov anayamba mwamsanga pamene iye adamva mbiri za duel koopsya ndi molasidwa. Baibulo loyambirira kunayamba February 9 (January 28), pamene ankawakonda kwambiri chiyembekezo kuti Pushkin apulumuka. Ngakhale kuliyembekeza denouement zoopsa, Mikhail limatha ndi mawu akuti "Ndipo pa milomo yake kusindikiza ...".

"Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi" (ndime Lermontov a) wodzilemekeza zotsatirazi mizere 16 ya February 10, pamene adzakhala wodziwika kuti Pushkin kulibenso. Zinali ndiye, kenako taonera mtolankhani Pan, ntchito Lermontov a anasintha zikwi zina, kuloweza.

"Ndakatulo mu Russia - kuposa wolemba ndakatulo!"

kutchuka ndakatulo ndi zafika pamlingo wotere kotero kuti wauzidwa za "munthu wamkulu". mfumu anachita Nthawi yomweyo - amangidwe nyumba, ndiyeno kugwirizana ciri "mawanga otentha" mu Caucasus. Lermontov ankadwala pa nthawiyo, chifukwa brig si anatumiza. Koma bwenzi lake Rajewski, amene mu nthawi ya kufufuza anapeza lemba analidi anamangidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku chigawo Olonets. Chifukwa ndi zimene manyazi nkhanza? Malo wachibadwidwe ndi umoyo ndale. Ndipotu amene zoyenera Lermontov "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi"? Osati modabwitsa luso wolemba Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu, palibe! Luntha Russian luso wakhala mowolowa manja anapatsa, ndipo si Russian dziko skudeet iwo lero. Lermontov Pushkin ndi ntchito - vuto kupanda uzimu ndi ukapolo ndi mpweya wa mwatsopano mpweya, choyera, free, osati zakhudzana servility, kuuma ndi baseness. Ndipo adayitana Pushkin nditaona motsimikiza: "Iye anafa ndakatulo! - Kapolo ulemu wagwa ... "Lermontov, mawu awiri awa n'chimodzimodzi. Ndakatulo woona wa Mulungu, mwa chirengedwe yake sangathe kunama, kuchita zonyansa, mosiyana ndi chikumbumtima ndi mfundo za makhalidwe abwino. Pamene analankhula za ntchito ya abwenzi a womwalirayo, "ndi ndakatulo ya Bambo Lermontov abwino; iwo akhoza kulemba amene odziwika ndi okondedwa Pushkin wathu. "

Tanthauzo la m'mbiri

Ndakatulo "anapha ndakatulo" Lermontov chikuchitika mu mabuku Russian kwambiri. Ndipotu, ndi oyambirira ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mu mawu a zojambulajambula, ndi ndakatulo generalization mphambu Pushkin - wake "zodabwitsa namatetule" mfundo otchuka kwa Russia. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kwambiri mfundo za akulemba - chizindikiro ndi adzadziwire dziko Lermontov yekha, udindo wake woganizirana, makhalidwe ndi andale. Monga mmene analembera wotsutsa Druzhinin, Mikhail Lermontov osati woyamba anadandaula ndakatulo, komanso oyamba angayerekeze aponye "chitsulo vesi" mu nkhope za anthu amene gleefully akusisita manja ake ndi kutonzedwa tsoka zitakwaniritsidwa. "The mfumu wafa - ndi moyo wautali, mfumu!" - kotero ukanakhoza kukonzedwa kulira pagulu za zinsinsi zazikulu za mbiri zokhudza imfa ya Aleksandra Pushkina ndi chakuti "anapha ndakatulo" (ndime Lermontov a) anamuika pakati pa olemba pamwamba Russian.

ndakatulo mtundu wanyimbo

"Imfa ya ndakatulo" - nthawi yomweyo wapadera ode ndi lolimba Zotengera. Ndakatulo lili, pa dzanja limodzi, ndemanga mokalipa za chizindikiro cha Pushkin kwambiri. Pa zina - kukwiya ndi tsankho podzudzula otsutsa wake, Dzikoli lotsogoledwa ndi mfumu ndi olemekezeka wapamtima mkulu wa apolisi Benkendorf, khamu la otsutsa ndi censors, amene sanafune kuti moyo mtima, ufulu wachikondi ndiponso wanzeru, uweme ndi kuwunikiridwa maganizo ndi zolinga atagonjetsa mmadera. Kotero kuti iwo wotanganidwa maganizo ndi moyo wa achinyamata m'goli la anachita ndale. Mfumu Nicholas sanatope zochitika za December 14, 1825, pamene kugwedezeka wachifumu wa olamulira Russian. Nzosadabwitsa "Imfa ya ndakatulo", iye ayenela kuyamikilidwa monga pamtima zisinthe. Odic mzere olembedwa wapadera, "mkulu" kalembedwe ndipo muli mawu a AIDS. Satirical komanso zinakonzedwa malamulo okhwima zokongoletsa. Choncho, Lermontov anapanga mgwirizano n'zosadabwitsa ogwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana Mitundu.

The zikuchokera ndakatuloyi

"Imfa ya ndakatulo" - ndakatulo ndi mwachilungamo zovuta nthawi yomweyo bwino, bwino mozama ndi bungwe zikuchokera. Malinga ndi zomwe zili mmenemo ndi bwino wolemekezeka zidutswa zingapo. Aliyense nawatsimikizira udzatha, ndi kusiyana ndi makongoletsedwe ake, pathos ake chibadidwe ndi lingaliro. koma iwo ali ndi gulu limodzi ndipo imvera tanthauzo ambiri ntchito. Kusanthula zikuchokera, n'zotheka kudziwa nkhani ndi maganizo ntchito.

Mutu, lingaliro, mabvuto

Mbali yoyamba imakhala mizere 33 amphamvu, kukwiya, limatitsimikizira kuti imfa ya Pushkin - ". Dziko" osati chifukwa cha njira yachibadwa ya zochitika, koma cholinga ndi dala kupha munthu, yekha anapandukira maganizo a Imfa - chilango cha kuyesera Choncho, kukhala nokha, kukhala woona luntha lake ndi malamulo a ulemu. Lermontov achidule ndi zolondola. Pakuti yeniyeni soulless wakupha ndi "ozizira mtima" okwaniritsa "chimwemwe ndi tithe" ndi tsogolo kwambiri ( "tsogolo kudzali chiganizo"). Mikhail izi amaona tanthauzo la tsokalo, "ana kunyadira" wotchuka kuuma pobereka simukhululukira malankhulidwe accusatory ku adiresi wake. Amaopa miyambo ya autocracy ndi serfdom, chifukwa iwo - maziko a moyo wa m'mbuyomu awo, yalelo. Ndipo aliyense amene angayerekeze mwapang'onopang'ono iwo, ziyenera kuwonongeka! Ziribe kanthu dzanja la French Dantes, kapena wina aliyense. Ndipotu, Lermontov anamwalira zaka zingapo kenaka "Dantes Russian" - Martynov omwe. Gawo lachiwiri la ndakatulo (23 mizere) ndi wofanana MPATUKO lapansi. Mikhail sachita manyazi mavuto a kujambula wake kwambiri munthu ndi kum'konda chifanizo cha Pushkin. The ndakatulo mwadzaza kanjedza ndakatulo: .. Antithetical, mafunso odzutsa chidwi, exclamations, etc. The chakumapeto (16 mizere) - kachiwiri Zotengera, zedi chenjezo la chiweruzo apamwamba, Mulungu, nthawi bwalo ndi mbiri kuti adzalanga zigawenga ndi wolungama ndi wosalakwa. Mfundo aulosi, chifukwa momwe izo zinachitikira ...