Kalembedwe Scientific wa kulankhula: Zitsanzo malemba. masitaelo kulankhula: Art, Science, pulaimale

M'mawu ake, anthu kugwiritsa ntchito Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana kulankhula kutengera mtundu wa anthu ali kulankhula. N'chifukwa chake funso n'kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana.

ndi masitayilo kulankhula chiyani?

masitayilo kulankhula dongosolo la njira zinenero kudzera mwa gulu, amene ndi mbiri yakale ndipo ntchito mu dera iliyonse kulankhulana anthu, moyo wake okhudzidwa: dera luso mawu, sayansi, Gona malonda, zinthu misa zokopa, kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Chirasha akusiyanitsa awa masitaelo kulankhula: Art, Science, chitachitika, journalistic ndi boma malonda. Pankhaniyi, masitaelo, kupatula colloquial, amaonedwa kukhala bookish.

M'nkhani ino tikambirana masitaelo zonse za kulankhula, ndi chisamaliro chapadera ilipiridwa kuti kalembedwe sayansi, amene ntchito mu ntchito ya sayansi, mabuku malankhulidwe pa misonkhano. kalembedwe Scientific amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo kuyeza kuposa ena, chifukwa chofunika ntchito terminology kuti ntchito m'munda yopapatiza chidziwitso. Choncho mtengo wapadera cholemba pa kalembedwe sayansi ya kulankhula. Zitsanzo lemba adzatidalitsa kwambiri kumvetsa izo.

Features masitaelo kulankhula

Zikamera zosiyanasiyana masitaelo a mawu ndi wolungamitsidwa zosiyanasiyana zili wa kulankhula, komanso zolinga zake kulankhulana ie lathu kulankhula. Ndi cholinga kulankhulana kawirikawiri ulembedwe malamulo kusankha wapamwamba ku ichi kapena mkhalidwe umenewo.

Aliyense wa kalembedwe zinchito za kulankhula ndi zinthu zake lililonse lili ake mawu omwe lexical, komanso dongosolo lawo syntactic, zimene ziyenera anazindikira pamlingo winawake aliyense Mitundu ya. Motero, aliyense wa masitaelo ali zingapo zochititsa. Kuthandiza kusonyeza zitsanzo za masitaelo zonse za kulankhula ndi kufotokoza mwachidule makhalidwe awo.

Business kalembedwe zingadziŵike ndi terminology akatswiri matanthauzo enieni ntchito mawu ndi mawu, komanso kuyamika klishirovannosti chuma chinenero. Mwachitsanzo: I Mironova Alevtina Vladlenovna, chonde kundiyankha tchuthi lotsatira.

Mbali yaikulu ya kalembedwe journalistic imatengedwa kuti expressiveness wake ndi nkhani. Mwachitsanzo: anthu anatulukira zosaneneka! Taras m'mudzi waung'ono Matroskina anatulukira mankhwala amene amachititsa nkhuku kunyamula mazira siliva!

Luso kalembedwe ndi olemera zosiyanasiyana onse chiyankhulo cha Amalawi, kalembedwe imeneyi, kulandira ntchito matanthauzo osiyana ndi mawu kulenga bwino kuti losaiwalika fano. kalembedwe Izi kumalimbitsa zolankhula ndi kumathandiza kumvetsa bwino zimene zinalembedwa zithunzi, onse kumva zinachitikira. Mwachitsanzo: atakhala pa khonde la nyumba yake, anaona kuti khoti anayamba kufikako munthu. Iye ankadziwa kuti limabwerera wokondedwa, amene wakhala akuyembekezera kwa zaka zingapo.

Kukamba kalembedwe isiyana ndi ena onse omasuka ake ndiponso osakonzekera. Mwachitsanzo: Moni! Tangoganizirani, dzulo ndinapita ku phwando ndipo anakumana Pasha. Amene ine ndakuuzani inu kale kuwauza mwezi wonse!

Ntchito mawu colloquial ndi colloquial, lexical zosiyanasiyana, malembedwe chosavuta, ntchito nkhope, manja, maganizo ziyenera a zimene zikuchitika - mbali zonse izi kusonyeza kalembedwe chitachitika wa kulankhula.

kalembedwe Scientific wa kulankhula: zinthu zofunika

kalembedwe Scientific kwa uthenga ndi kufotokoza zotsatira za ntchito ya sayansi. Ngakhale kuti pali madera ambiri a sayansi, tingasiyanitsire zina zofunika zimene zingakuthandizeni kuti kalembedwe asayansi ambiri:

• tsatanetsatane wa lemba;
• analamula dongosolo la ubale pakati pa mbali zonse za ziganizo;
• chilakolako cha Mlembi wa kwa wapadera, molondola ndi kufupika mawu.

Ngati muli ndi lingaliro za mbali zonse zoyambirira, sizidzakhala zovuta kulemba mutu kapena kudziwa kalembedwe sayansi ya kulankhula. Zitsanzo lemba mu kalembedwe ikuthandizani onse kumvetsa makamaka:

"Popeza 2009, kampani NCC akupereka processing makadi Visa, Union Khadi ndi MasterCard, ndipo amabala khadi ophatikizana Maestro / NCC. Ndipo mu 2008 kampani anali kupereka mutu wa dongosolo la International malipiro, amene kwambiri kukodzedwa osiyanasiyana ntchito zake."

"Kupereka lipoti 4 FSS NRMM ayenera kubzala bwana kapena yowerengera aakulu. Kulephera kutsatira deadlines kugonjera wa mbiri ya kampani mu nkhope ya wotsogolera zake chindapusa mu kuchuluka zolamulidzwazo potsata mwambo. "

Substyles kalembedwe sayansi ya kulankhula

Monga mukudziwa, masitaelo kulankhula ndi chosowa kwambiri mu mawonekedwe awo chamgwiro. Nthawi zambiri pali mgwirizano awo, omwe chifukwa cha kum'mwera Mitundu. Ndi boma Mitundu-wa kalembedwe sayansi ndi:

• sayansi ndi malonda;
• sayansi ndi journalistic;
• wotchuka sayansi;
• Science and Technology;
• maphunziro ndi sayansi kalembedwe wa kulankhula.

Text mbali ya kalembedwe sayansi pa mlingo wa mawu

mbali zonse zazikulu zimene chibadidwe kalembedwe sayansi ya kulankhula, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu akulu: pa mlingo wa mawu, malembedwe ndi mlingo morphological.

Pa mlingo wa sayansi kalembedwe mawu ali mbali zotsatirazi:

• machulukitsidwe ena terminology wa sayansi;
• ntchito mwachindunji mawu, popanda mafanizo osiyanasiyana interjections;
• ntchito mawu ndi mawu ndi tanthauzo umboni: nambala malamulo chuma; ndi ntchito manauni wapakamwa: ntchito, processing ndi kafukufuku;
• ntchito m'malo patokha mawu ndi mawu osonyeza ndondomeko yake ndiponso kugwirizana kwa maganizo: Choncho, m'malo mwake Choncho, poyamba pa zonse, poyamba pa zonse, poyamba.

mbali zonse izi kuthandiza kupeza lexical kalembedwe sayansi ya kulankhula. Zitsanzo lemba zithunzi ulaliki wa kalembedwe sayansi ndi motere:

"Gastritis - kutukusira kwa nembanemba mucous ya linga m'mimba. Zizindikiro za gastritis monga :. Kumva kupweteka m'mimba pambuyo chakudya kapena chopanda kanthu m'mimba, kunyansidwa, kutsekula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa kapena kusanza, etc. Pamaziko a Kupenda endoscopic za m'mimba matenda. "

"The kwambiri chuma ndi kwachilengedwenso i sukulu ndi: kwake, kukana kuti zinthu zonse kukula (nyengo, tizirombo ndi matenda, nthaka), nthawi ya yosungirako ndi transportability."

mbali Morphological wa kalembedwe sayansi lemba

Pa mlingo morphological, ayenera kuunikila zinthu zotsatirazi zimene chibadidwe kalembedwe sayansi ya kulankhula:

• ntchito gerunds, participles, ndi liwiro awo;
• osowa akuti "Ine" ndi "ife" mu ntchito ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri mmodzi mawonekedwe;
• ntchito nyumba chabe ndi kalekale zake mu lemba.

Features Malemba sayansi pa mlingo syntactic

Komanso pa mlingo syntactic ali makamaka zake kalembedwe kafukufuku mawu, amapereka kalembedwe imeneyi ndi makhalidwe awa:

• kawirikawiri wa malemba ndi ogwidwa;
• ankapewa kugwiritsa ntchito ziganizo ameneŵa kapena n'zochepa kwambiri ntchito;
• ntchito chintchito, zithunzi, mitunduyi osiyana;
• ntchito ziganizo zovuta kulankhula ndi mabungwe zochitika m'madera a pempholo.

Zitsanzo za malemba sayansi kalembedwe

Kuthandiza kupeza mbali chosiyana ndi mukazindikira kalembedwe sayansi ya kulankhula, zitsanzo lemba:

"Vuto la kuba akufunika panthawi yake ndiponso loyenera pa mbali ya gulu bizinesi - ndizo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina za ntchito kuthetsa kufala angathe tizilomboto."

"Yachokera pa zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo umene deta kwake ntchito [2] ndi zikusonyezedwa mkuyu. 3, Ndizachidziwikire kuti kusintha yochepa mu kufunika limaoneka lokongola bwanji mlingo mtengo. "

Mitundu ya kalembedwe sayansi

Mabuku onse sayansi Muziipereka mu mawonekedwe a malonda kusasanyiwa, ndi matabwa ake ayenera kukhala pansi pa malamulo onse polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Mitundu yonse akhoza kugawidwa mu pulayimale ndi sekondale, malingana amene ali woyambitsa wa lemba. Komanso, gulu osiyana malemba akutali maphunziro ndi sayansi.

The Mitundu oti mabuku, nkhani magazini, monographs, mabuku, ndemanga, malipoti, dissertations malipoti kafukufuku m'kamwa ulaliki pa msonkhano ndi ena. Mitundu tinganene kuti chachikulu, chifukwa zinalengedwa ndi mlembi kwa nthawi yoyamba.

lemba Secondary angathe kuonedwa monga abstracts, essays, mfundozo, zolemba zosiyanasiyana, annotations. ntchito izi za sekondale, chifukwa iwo zochokera malemba wogwila. Pokonza malemba zambiri amapezeka mudziwe clotting kuchepetsa voliyumu ya mawu onse.

Mwa Mitundu maphunziro ndi sayansi boma Mitundu pazikhalanso nkhani ulaliki msonkhano, mapepala akuti, abstracts posts. Kaya mtundu wanyimbo mbali zonse zoyambirira zimene chibadidwe kalembedwe sayansi wonse, ziyenela kuyan'anidwa.

Monga anatuluka kalembedwe sayansi

Chiyambi cha kalembedwe sayansi anafotokozera za chitukuko cha minda ya sayansi, minda osiyana nzeru za anthu. Poyamba, malankhulidwe kalembedwe, sayansi ndi luso anali pafupi kwambiri ndi ofanana. Kenako, panali kulekana kwa sayansi luso kalembedwe, monga mu Chigiriki anayamba kuoneka onse a terminology sayansi.

Kunadetsa otchuka kalembedwe wasayansi mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Inali pa nthawi imene asayansi onse anayesa kupereka ntchito zawo monga momwe akanathera, koma mawonekedwe condensed, anayesetsa kuchotsa mawu a kufotokoza maganizo ndi luso, chifukwa iwo kutsutsa umboni-zomveka chinyezimiro cha chilengedwe.

Komabe, nthawi kuti panali kusamvana za ulaliki zakuthupi sayansi ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Amadziwika kuti Kepler ankaona ntchito chopambanitsa luso la Galileo, Descartes ndi Galileo ndi kalembedwe ulaliki wa mapepala sayansi "fictionalized". Chitsanzo choyamba cha chinenero sayansi mtsogolo ankaona kuti mawu Newton.

Chitukuko cha kalembedwe sayansi mukopedwe Chirasha. kalembedwe Scientific wa kulankhula Russia anayamba chitukuko m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Nthawi imeneyi, omasulira ndi olemba mabuku sayansi anayamba kulenga terminology yake. Anapitiriza kukula kwa kalembedwe izi zinachitika mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII mwa ntchito za Lomonosov ndi ophunzira ake. Mapangidwe chomaliza cha kalembedwe Russian sayansi zinachitika mu theka lachiwiri la zikomo XIX m'ma ntchito sayansi asayansi aakulu a nthawi.

Mu phunziro limeneli, masitaelo onse kulankhula ankatengedwa. Zitsanzo bwino zikusonyeza kusiyana pakati pawo, ndi nkhani ya kalembedwe sayansi kudzakuthandizani mosavuta ntchito mu mawu ake.