Kandalaksha State Reserve

Chitetezo cha malo achilengedwe akuphunzira kusukulu mwa mwambo "Natural". Kandalaksha Reserve - yotero. Iwo umachokera pa malo mahekitala oposa makumi asanu-eyiti sauzande pa dera la dera Murmansk ndi imatengedwa malo kutetezela ambiri waterfowl. Ambiri - ndi Barents Sea. Za mbalame okhala m'dera lino kutetezedwa ndi boma, kulemba osati mabuku. zomera Local ndi zinyama tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane wotchuka wolemba V. Bianchi.

Nkhani ya

Ngati ambiri nkhokwe zina zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe ku Russia, Kandalaksha analengedwa pofuna mitundu ina ya nyama ndi mbalame. Pankhaniyi, eider wamba, amene anatchuka chifukwa pansi ake ndi kunja ali phindu lalikulu. Mu 1932, kupha oletsedwa wa mbalame, chiwonongeko cha zisa zake ndi mazira kusonkhanitsa zogulitsa anafika mamba mwamphamvu, ndi kusunga pa unakhazikitsidwa. Poyamba izo ankaona sayansi limene ornithologists aphunzira mbalame kuti moyo m'dera lino. Pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha mbalame madzi wakhala kuwonjezeka.

mtengo

Patapita nthawi, ndi Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve kunditumiza ku Ofesi ya komiti zogwirizana. Izi kuchuluka ulamuliro pa Malo otetezedwa ndi kukuza malire ake lero.

Pa nthawi, n'zovuta Musaone kufunika mayiko wa Kandalaksha Nature Reserve ili chimodzimodzi madzi Bay kwa kuteteza malo a mbalame za m'madzi.

zinthu Hrs

Zachilengedwe kuteteza malo ili pa gombe la nyanja Barents ndi Bay yaing'ono ya White. Sun Kandalaksha sizichitika kwa masiku asanu ndi atatu mu mzere moyandikana Zisanu Islands - za makumi anayi. Komabe, ngakhale pa kumalo ozizira nyama usiku wintering anapereka tsiku wabwinobwino.

Kandalaksha Reserve ili mu zone ya nyengo zimakhudza otaya Murmansk. The peculiarity wa zinthu zachilengedwe m'dera madzi ndi kutentha madontho lalikulu, kuzirala kotero lakuthwa ndi kutentha anati mu nyengo zonse.

mpumulo

Kapangidwe Geological a m'dera limene analanda Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve, chidwi bwino anasunga miyala kuti ndi zaka zoposa biliyoni atatu. mtunda unakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha glaciations mobwerezabwereza. Amazipanga gombeli kukongola kwake, yoweyula kumatula ndi mikondo anapangidwa kuchokera mayina timiyala nyanja ndi boulders. Total Kandalaksha Nature Reserve mwini sate-faifi Geological zinthu ndi udindo wa zipilala achilengedwe.

Pamafunikanso pafupifupi mazana anayi makumi asanu zilumba zomwe ndi akalumikidzidwa osiyana ndi nyumba, osiyanasiyana zomera - kuchokera miyala amaliseche ndi madera thickly m'nkhalango. Mitsinje ndi nyanja mu pang'ono malo. Onsewo ndi yaing'ono. Lalikulu - ndipo wamkulu Kumyazhe Serkinskoe - mwakuya mamita teni.

Flora

Kandalaksha Reserve mu pachikuto pake vegetative tichipeza mitundu oposa mazana asanu ndi makumi atatu. Pa gombe la White Nyanja ndi zilumba chimakhala chogwidwa ndi paini ndi spruce. Pali zomera zambiri, ankaikira mwanyanja - sedges, udzu ndi Asteraceae.

M'madambo Nature Reserve anawagawa sedge, udzu thonje ndi chitsamba chilichonse - malingana ndi zomera, ali osakhala. Komabe, malo sali olemera mu udzu lalikulu. Ngakhale kukula m'mphepete mwa bango konse ndipamene m'nkhalango zowirira.

Kumadera kumene kudziunjikira nyanja ndi hering'i gulls, zomera ndi yosiyanasiyana, monga dothi m'madera izi bwino ukala. Apa mutha kuona yaikulu chamomile, chickweed, eyebright ndi chotchezera, buttercup, etc.

nyama

Kandalaksha Reserve kuli mitundu za zana ndi makumi asanu za zomera. Awa, mitundu twente wani nyama, zana makumi anayi - mbalame, mitundu iwiri ya zokwawa, ndi atatu - achule.

Nyama zolusa monga amphaka, wolverine ndi nkhandwe, ndi ambiri pachilumba cha Grand. Komabe, pali sidzaferatu anthu, monga malowa ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kwa iwo.

Pa oyandikana Great malo pali awiri kapena atatu chimbalangondo. otetezedwa ndi zonse moyo nkhandwe ndi marten, weasel ndi ermine ndi mink. manambala awo sitinganene kuti angapo: zimadalira pamaso pa makoswe ang'ono.

Kalulu - kwambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito ubweya nyama, iye amakhala pa zilumba zonse za m'dera limeneli. Mu ozizira yozizira pano ndipo nthawizina pali zimbalangondo. Pa nyanja, kumene olemera zomera, anapeza amasambira muskrat kwa wina ku chilumba zina ndi kusankha malo abwino kwambiri kwa moyo.

Kuyambira nyama zing'onozing'ono ndi voles wamba ndi lemmings kuti awonekere dera la zone kutetezedwa lokha pa misa migrations awo.

mbalame

Chaka chonse moyo capercaillie, wakuda grouse, grouse ndi partridge, komanso mitundu ina ya titmice, woodpeckers ndi cuckoos. M'chaka, pamene pali mbalame zosamukasamuka, nkhalango amoyo mu malo chikhalidwe. Makamaka ziweto zambiri za mbalame m'mphepete mwa ochepa paini ndi spruce nkhalango. Pano mukhoza kupeza redwing, grouse, partridges, zolusa monga kestrel ndi Merlin ndi Mphamba kadzidzi. The m'madambo kukula mizu sandpipers ndi nkhuni sandpiper, snipe ndi ulit kwambiri.

zomera mwapadera kutetezedwa

Ngakhale mitundu yonse kwachilengedwenso zokhala mu Kandalaksha malo ati zisungidwe, ngakhale amalembedwa mitundu apa ambiri osowa kutchulidwa Red Book of onse Russia ndi dera Murmansk. Ali mwapadera kutetezedwa chokhala m'dzikolo.

Ku Red Book wa dera Murmansk iwo ananena za makumi awiri peresenti ya chiwerengero cha mitundu pangozi, asanu amene - ndi bowa, sate-anayi - ndi lichens, liverworts ndi makumi awiri, yemweyo leafy Moss. Pakati inakhala ndi asanu mwapadera kuteteza nsomba, nthumwi ziwiri za zokwawa ndi achule, ndi mbalame makumi awiri ndi ena nyama.

Chipinda zimapezeka m'dera la Kandalaksha Bay, ndi kwina kulikonse mu dziko mwakula makamaka malo otetezedwa. Pakati pawo grit chilumba, ndi kozizira mpendadzuwa beloyazychkovy dandelion.

Mwapadera Otetezedwa Zinyama

The malo ndi mitundu makumi asanu. Kwa zisindikizo Atlantic imvi, komanso cormorants lalikulu ndi crested Atlantic Kandalaksha Reserve - malo chachikulu ndi kuswana mu zonse Russia. Komanso, apa chisa wamba eider (umene zoona, pachiyambi analengedwa malowa otetezedwa), golide mphungu, osprey, peregrine kabawi, woyera-tailed mphungu Merlin ndi Scandinavia mphete Ouzel. Mwapadera Otetezedwa nyama zam'madzi amaonedwa kukhala mitundu yambiri ya gulu la anamgumi amitundu, komanso chisindikizo wamba, chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira ndi walrus.

kafukufuku

Kandalaksha Reserve, akatswiri amene anagwira ntchito zake kuyambira penipeni, poyamba pabwino wokha ngati malo alionse anafunika kusunga anthu abakha eider. Pa yochepa chisanadze nkhondo nthawi ife ikuchitikira woyamba kafukufuku nthawi yaikulu pa seabirds, amene kenako anakhala tingachipeze powerenga.

Nkhondo itatha osiyanasiyana ntchito wakhala pang'onopang'ono kukodzedwa. Kuwonjezera kupitiriza kuphunzira zachilengedwe ena seabirds apa anayamba ndondomeko mwadongosolo chifukwa kufotokoza malo, zomera ndi intertidal m'madzi m'madera.

Popeza zotsatira za kuzipenya zonse muyezo amaphatikizidwa mu lipoti chikalata pachaka, amatchedwa motere :. "Annals of Nature mu Kandalaksha Reserve" Iye mwachidule panopa polojekiti kwachilengedwenso, kuphatikizapo deta pa chitukuko cha bioprocesses nyengo. Chikalatachi akufotokoza mfundo za zomera ndi maluwa ndi fruiting zomera zosiyanasiyana, chiyambi ndi mapeto a kasupe kapena yophukira kusamuka, nyama kuswana ndondomeko ndi nkhani manambala awo.